A sabedoria prática e os desafios do doutorado interdisciplinar: um quadro conceitual

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Gestão do Conhecimento, Florianópolis, 2023.A phronesis ou sabedoria prática é uma virtude intelectual. Seu conceito, deliberado por Aristóteles em sua obra a Ética a Nicômaco, visa, além do próprio bem, ao bem comum, para alcançar o fim ao qual todos se dirigem, a Eudaimonia (Felicidade). Atualmente, o interesse acadêmico por esse construto abrange diversas áreas de pesquisa, como sociologia, administração e psicologia, além da filosofia, sendo visto como uma capacidade efetiva de reflexão crítica e construtiva para facilitar as tomadas de decisões e o bem deliberar, diante das necessidades de situações momentâneas e específicas do dia a dia. Pesquisas acadêmicas indicam a sabedoria prática como uma atitude benéfica que proporciona melhores decisões, atitudes éticas, senso de justiça aprimorado, visão sistêmica e discernimento aguçado. Por exemplo, Bohlin (2021) considera a sabedoria prática como uma maneira de frear respostas impulsivas em sala de aulas, Conroy et al. (2021) a considera um facilitador para utilização das virtudes para se chegar a uma decisão final mais efetiva e Greeff; Rennie (2016) afirma a sabedoria prática como uma habilidade para tomar decisões, pois considera a diversidade de perspectivas possíveis. Nesse sentido, os doutorandos também necessitam de boa deliberação para tomar decisões complexas, impactantes e sequenciais, para evoluírem em sua transformação de alunos para doutores. A pressão sofrida por estes alunos, às vezes, é tão severa que alguns desenvolvem enfermidades. Isto posto, a presente pesquisa focaliza-se em analisar as ações dos alunos frente aos desafios inerentes ao processo de doutoramento em um programa interdisciplinar, à luz da sabedoria prática e propor um quadro conceitual. Sob o olhar pragmatista, esta pesquisa foi realizada por meio da abordagem mista, qualitativa em sua maior parte. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, intervenção no formato de disciplina trimestral sobre sabedoria prática, ambos com os doutorandos de um programa interdisciplinar. Além disso, foi construída durante meu doutorado, a autoetnografia, com início das anotações no diário de campo em março de 2020 até maio de 2023. Os dados passaram pela análise de conteúdo, teste qui-quadrado, teste coeficiente de contingência e triangulação. Os principais resultados evidenciam que a sabedoria prática facilita o caminho da reta-razão, ciclos evolutivos, visão geral sobre a complexidade da situação específica, mudanças de comportamentos e tomada de decisões mais efetiva no enfrentamento dos desafios. A compreensão deste fenômeno, com ênfase na saúde mental dos doutorandos, levou a afirmação de que a sabedoria prática pode ser um recurso disponível para aliviar os mal-estares e possíveis enfermidades advindas dos desafios inerentes a esta formação acadêmica. Corroborando com o fato de que ela pode ser ensinada e aprendida. O estudo da sabedoria prática favoreceu mudança de comportamento e permitiu vencer os desafios com maior destreza e aproveitamento das oportunidades. Para tal, seguiu-se as fases do quadro conceitual, passando pela imaturidade, resistência, desenvolvimento, aprendizado, maturidade até o phronimo, assim, o resultado da ação foi o agir com sabedoria prática, atitudes fronéticas e feliz.Abstract: Phronesis or practical wisdom is an intellectual virtue. Its concept, deliberated by Aristotle in his work Nicomachean Ethics, aims, in addition to one's own good to the common good, to achieve the end towards which everyone strives, Eudaimonia (Happiness). Currently, academic interest in this construct covers several areas of research, such as sociology, administration and psychology, in addition to philosophy, being seen as an effective capacity for critical and constructive reflection to facilitate decision-making and good deliberation, given the needs of momentary and specific everyday situations. Academic research indicates practical wisdom as a beneficial attitude that provides better decisions, ethical attitudes, an improved sense of justice, systemic vision and sharp discernment. For example, Bohlin (2021) considers practical wisdom as a way to curb impulsive responses in the classroom, Conroy et al. (2021) considers it a facilitator for using virtues to reach a more effective final decision and Greeff; Rennie (2016) affirms practical wisdom as an ability to make decisions, as it considers the diversity of possible perspectives. In this sense, doctoral students also need good deliberation to make complex, impactful, and sequential decisions, to evolve in their transformation from students to doctors. The pressure suffered by these students is sometimes so severe that some develop illnesses. That said, this research focuses on analyzing students' actions in the face of the challenges inherent to the doctoral process in an interdisciplinary program, in the light of practical wisdom and proposing a conceptual framework. From a pragmatist perspective, this research was carried out using a mixed approach, mostly qualitative. Semi-structured interviews were also carried out, intervention in the format of a quarterly discipline on practical wisdom, both with doctoral students from an interdisciplinary program. Furthermore, autoethnography was constructed during my doctorate, with notes starting in the field diary in March 2020 until May 2023. The data underwent content analysis and triangulation. The main results show that practical wisdom facilitates the path of straight reason, evolutionary cycles, an overview of the complexity of the specific situation, changes in behavior and more effective decision-making in facing challenges. Understanding this phenomenon, with an emphasis on the mental health of doctoral students, led to the assertion that practical wisdom can be an available resource to alleviate discomfort and possible illnesses arising from the challenges inherent to this academic training. Corroborating the fact that it can be taught and learned. The study of practical wisdom favored behavior change and allowed challenges to be overcome with greater dexterity and taking advantage of opportunities. To this end, the phases of the conceptual framework were followed, going through immaturity, resistance, development, learning, maturity until phronimo, thus, the result of the action was acting with practical wisdom, phronetic attitudes and happy

The effect of macadamia oil intake on muscular inflammation and oxidative profile kinetics after exhaustive exercise

In this study, we evaluated the onset and resolution of inflammation in control and macadamia oil-supplemented rats after a single session of exhaustive exercise. We also analysed the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Rats were supplemented for ten days with macadamia oil (25 mg/kg), which is rich in oleic and palmitoleic acids. On the 10th day, control and macadamia oil-treated rats exercised to physical exhaustion. Plasma and muscular levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor alpha [TNF-], interleukin-1 beta [IL-1], IL-6, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-3 [CINC-3], macrophage inflammatory protein-3-alpha [MIP-3]) and soluble L-selectin were measured prior to, immediately after, and 2, 24, and 48 h after exercise. Our data revealed increases in the muscle concentrations of IL-1, L-selectin, CINC-3, and MIP-3 in the group supplemented with macadamia oil compared with the concentrations in the control group. CAT also increased in the treated group, which is important because pro-inflammatory cytokines precede growth factor production and might alter the muscle repair process. We concluded that inflammation resulting from exhaustive exercise was greater in animals that received macadamia oil than in control animals. Practical applications: There are potential benefits of using fatty acids in the treatment of injured muscles, and these substances have been used in several types of injured tissues. Macadamia oil intake alters muscle healing signaling by influencing the production of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory mediators. Therefore, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the intake of immunomodulatory supplements would be beneficial to the muscular recovery of an athlete following a strenuous exercise session.Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Cruzeiro do Sul Univ, Inst Phys Act & Sport Sci, Rua Galvao Bueno 868,13 Andar, BR-01506000 São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Paulista UNIP, Manaus, Amazonas, BrazilUniv Fed São Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Biociencias, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed São Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Biociencias, São Paulo, SP, BrazilFAPESP: 14/03947-1CNPq: 307769/2014-3Web of Scienc

Stratified analyses refine association between TLR7 rare variants and severe COVID-19

Summary: Despite extensive global research into genetic predisposition for severe COVID-19, knowledge on the role of rare host genetic variants and their relation to other risk factors remains limited. Here, 52 genes with prior etiological evidence were sequenced in 1,772 severe COVID-19 cases and 5,347 population-based controls from Spain/Italy. Rare deleterious TLR7 variants were present in 2.4% of young (<60 years) cases with no reported clinical risk factors (n = 378), compared to 0.24% of controls (odds ratio [OR] = 12.3, p = 1.27 × 10−10). Incorporation of the results of either functional assays or protein modeling led to a pronounced increase in effect size (ORmax = 46.5, p = 1.74 × 10−15). Association signals for the X-chromosomal gene TLR7 were also detected in the female-only subgroup, suggesting the existence of additional mechanisms beyond X-linked recessive inheritance in males. Additionally, supporting evidence was generated for a contribution to severe COVID-19 of the previously implicated genes IFNAR2, IFIH1, and TBK1. Our results refine the genetic contribution of rare TLR7 variants to severe COVID-19 and strengthen evidence for the etiological relevance of genes in the interferon signaling pathway