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    АлСксандр Π‘ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‡ Π€ΠΎΡ…Ρ‚ ― основополоТник ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ направлСния Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ½Π΅ (ΠΊ 170-Π»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡŽ со дня роТдСния)

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    The review is dedicated to the investigation of the role of A.B. Fokht, who was one of the most famous scientist, teacher and doctor during the period of the development of clinical oriented approach pathophysiology. The article examines new vectors in clinical medicine development of the second half of the 19th century. It is pointed out in the article that Russian scientists of that time instead of aiming at history rewriting or repeating the traditions of the West-European science finally formed their own rational ideas and tried to provide unique scientific research. What is more, the article contains biographical information about Fokht’s family, his teachers and colleagues. The article describes the main principles of Fokht’s scientific school, which became the most remarkable in Russia in the beginning of the 20th century, and also achievements of his followers, who had been working in the largest laboratories and chairs of Great Britain, the USA, Poland etc. Moreover the article contains information about the influence which the results of Fokht’s research had on recognition of Russian independent medical science worldwide. The article emphasizes the Fokht’s political and civil position against the educational and scientific reforms, which had been conducted by the Russian government in the beginning of the 20th century. Finally, the article describes Fokht’s personality and his activities in other spheres.Обоснована Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ АлСксандра Π‘ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‡Π° Ѐохта ― ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, пСдагога и врача ― в становлСнии ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ направлСния в мСдицинС, ΡΡ‚Π°Π²ΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ядром формирования ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈΒ ΠΈΒ ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠΉ дисциплины. ΠžΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ‹ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ развития клиничСской ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹Β XIXΒ Π²., Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ аспСктом ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ стрСмлСниС российских Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹Β ΠΊΒ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ, но и слСдованиС Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌ идСям, сохраняя ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ этом ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΒ ΠΈΒ ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, развиваСмых в России. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π΅ нСизвСстныС биографичСскиС свСдСния о сСмьС А.Π‘.Β Π€ΠΎΡ…Ρ‚Π°, Π΅Π³ΠΎ учитСлях и соратниках. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ основныС ΡΡ‚Π°ΠΏΡ‹Β ΠΈΒ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ‹ А.Π‘.Β Π€ΠΎΡ…Ρ‚Π°, ΡΡ‚Π°Π²ΡˆΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡˆΠ΅ΠΉΒ Π²Β Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈΒ Π²Β Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π΅Β XXΒ Π²., достиТСния Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π²ΡˆΠΈΡ…Β Π²Β Π²Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΡ… лабораториях и на ΠΊΠ°Ρ„Π΅Π΄Ρ€Π°Ρ… мСдицинских Π²ΡƒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Β Π²Β Π’Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, БША, ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Β ΠΈΒ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… стран. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚Ρ‹, Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ А.Π‘.Β Π€ΠΎΡ…Ρ‚Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π³ΠΎΠ³Π°, учСного и клинициста. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ влияниС Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ² А.Π‘.Β Π€ΠΎΡ…Ρ‚Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ самобытности российской ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹. Показана высокая граТданская позиция ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ ΠΈΒ Π΅Π³ΠΎ противодСйствиС Ρ€Π΅Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΒ Π²ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈΒ ΠΈΒ Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠ΅Β Π²Β Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π΅ Π₯Π₯Β Π²., ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠΌ Российской ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ. ΠžΡΠ²Π΅Ρ‰Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ‚Π°Π»Π°Π½Ρ‚Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈΒ ΠΈΒ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π²Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹

    Π˜Π½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ систСма ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… мСдицинских ΠΊΠ°Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ² БСчСновского УнивСрситСта

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    Background: The article describes the issue of theoretical proof and experimental testing of the developed approach to optimization of fostering young generations of scientists and optimizing their individual career path. Aims: The aim of the article was to analyze the efficacy of the program of integration of high school students of medical school classes into the global system of training of young scientists. Materials and methods: The general scientific methods were used, such as analysis and synthesis, field experiment and social research, which included survey conduction, education and control testing of high school students of medical preprofessional classes. Results: Authors revealed the efficacy of implemented model of organization of educational process, which was based on the integration of high school students of medical classes into the global system of researchers training and which created a specialized environment for rapid individual professional development. Conclusions: The conducted research proved the efficacy of the personalized approach to gradual teaching of basic research competencies.ОбоснованиС. Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π° посвящСна тСорСтичСскому обоснованию ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅ эффСктивности Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ систСмы ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… мСдицинских ΠΊΠ°Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡ… ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ роста. БистСма основана Π½Π° поэтапном Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ Ρƒ ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ мСдицинских ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… классов, ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… студСнтов БСчСновского УнивСрситСта. ЦСль исслСдования ― ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ систСмы ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… мСдицинских ΠΊΠ°Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° основС Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… классов Π² Π·Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ» (ΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠ°Ρ лаборатория), Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π² БСчСновском УнивСрситСтС. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ ΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ― Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈ синтСз, ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈ социологичСскиС исслСдования, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π»ΠΈ Π°Π½ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, наблюдСниС ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ тСстированиС ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² мСдицинских ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… классов. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. Π’ Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ исслСдования выявлСна высокая ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ процСсса с ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ мСдицинских ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… классов Π² Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡƒΡŽ систСму ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ°Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ² БСчСновского УнивСрситСта ΠΈ создания спСциализированной срСды для ускорСнного ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ роста. Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ исслСдованиС ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Ρ†Π΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ использования Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ пСрсонализированного ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π° для поэтапного формирования Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ систСмС ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… мСдицинских ΠΊΠ°Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ²

    Psychological factors of the readiness of teachers to ensure social security in the educational environment.

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    The negative sociocultural transformations that are taking place in modern society and the resulting psychological transformation of personality and mode of life strongly require searching for ways of providing social safety to the next generation, with teachers being the implementers of this process. Teachers’ professionalism is determined by their willingness to solve personal and socially relevant problems, including the willingness to provide social security for other people, to thwart social risks, and to build constructive interpersonal relationships. The aim of our research was to reveal and to analyze the psychological factors affecting the readiness of teachers to ensure social security in educational environments. The environmental factors of social risk have been theoretically characterized. It has been shown that the essential factor in ensuring students’ social security is providing a safe social environment in educational institutions; such an environment provides the learners and the teachers with sociopsychological security and psychosocial well-being. The empirical part of our study was devoted to identifying negative social phenomena in the schools in the Ivanovo region (with the help of a questionnaire administered to 700 students) and to identifying the personally and professionally important qualities of the teachers and the subjective psychological factors of their readiness to ensure social security in the educational environment (through interviewing 300 teachers); the administration of the questionnaires and the interviewing were followed by an assessment of their significance (with the help of a questionnaire administered to 140 teachers). Using factor analysis we identified the relevant indicators and grouped them into six factors of the readiness of teachers to ensure a safe educational environment. Relevant personal and professional qualities of teachers were revealed; these are the subjective factors of the readiness of a teacher to ensure social security in the educational environment: social anticipation, resistance to sociopsychological stress, social tolerance, professional orientation, responsibility, communication skills. Data were collected in the analytical and experimental studies to determine ways to improve the organization of educational processes in order to ensure the social security of students and society in general. The identified psychological factors, their relative weight, and content must be considered when designing a system for training teachers and developing in them the required personal and professional qualities

    ΠžΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π² скринингС поврСТдСния ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΊ Ρƒ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ уропатиями

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    Background: Primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the most common congenital uropathy (CU) in children, leading to the development of reflux nephropathy and chronic kidney disease, reaching the terminal stage in 25-60% of patients. The insufficient sensitivity of modern methods of instrumental and laboratory diagnostics of the initial stages of renal parenchyma damage dictates the need to develop new non-invasive technologies for screening and monitoring kidney conditions in patients with CU. Aims: To evaluate the possibility of separating groups of healthy children and children with kidney damage with CU using the analysis of the mass spectra of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urine samples. Materials and methods: This study involved 42 patients (average age 5.4 + 2.3 years), divided into 2 groups: group 1 24 children with congenital uropathies (grade II-V PMR) and comparison group 2 - 18 patients with minor surgical pathology without pathology of the urinary system. Urine samples were collected before the start of treatment. Composition analysis of VOCs samples was carried out through express-analysis method for biological objects at atmospheric pressure without preliminary preparation using a mass spectrometer with ionization by laser plasma radiation. Urinary levels of markers of inflammation (MCP-1, IL-8, IL-18), angiogenesis (VEGF) and fibrosis (TGF-1) were measured by solid-phase ELISA. Results: Composition changes in urine VOCs were detected in group 1 patients with congenital uropathies (VUR). These changes made it possible to distinguish group 1 samples from the comparison group 2. Creatinine level and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in both groups had no statistical difference. An increase in concentration of inflammatory markers MCP-1, IL-18, IL-8, VEGF angiogenesis and TGF-1 fibrosis was observed in the urine of children with congenital uropathies (VUR) (p0.001). In group 1 patients the concentration of markers did not correlate with the reflux level. Conclusions: The performed research allowed to find a set of peaks in the recorded mass spectra, according to which it is possible to divide groups into healthy and sick. It also demonstrated the potential of volatolom analysis to detect kidney damage in children with congenital uropathies. The use of standard methods: creatinine and GFR did not allow us to find a threshold value to divide patient into healthy and sick groups. The increase of biomarkers of inflammation, angiogenesis and fibrosis in the urine of children with congenital uropathies confirmed the presence of persistent kidney damage, parenchymal hypoxia, activation of fibrosis and inflammation in children with CU kidneys.ОбоснованиС: ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΡƒΠ·Ρ‹Ρ€Π½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ€Π΅Ρ„Π»ΡŽΠΊΡ (ПМР)Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ распространСнная вроТдСнная уропатия (Π’Π£) Ρƒ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ, приводящая ΠΊ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡŽ Ρ€Π΅Ρ„Π»ΡŽΠΊΡ-Π½Π΅Ρ„Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ хроничСской Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΊ, Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ стадии Ρƒ 25-60% ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ². НСдостаточная Ρ‡ΡƒΠ²ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ диагностики Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… этапов поврСТдСния ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΡ‹ Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ скрининга ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° состояния ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΊ Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с Π’Π£. ЦСль исслСдования: ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ раздСлСния Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π’Π£ Π½Π° основС Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° масс-спСктров Π»Π΅Ρ‚ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ… органичСских соСдинСний (Π›ΠžΠ‘, Π²ΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ) ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΡ‡ΠΈ, зарСгистрированных Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… условиях. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹: ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ исслСдованиС ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΡ‡ΠΈ 42 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² (срСдний возраст 5,4+2,3 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°), Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ‘Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π° 2 Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹: 1 Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ° 24 Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° с Π’Π£ (ПМР II-V стСпСни), 2 Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ° сравнСния - 18 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΉ хирургичСской ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ систСмы. Π‘Π±ΠΎΡ€ ΠΌΠΎΡ‡ΠΈ осущСствлялся Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π° лСчСния. Анализ состава Π›ΠžΠ‘ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² проводился ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ экспрСсс-Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° биологичСских ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ атмосфСрном Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ масс-спСктромСтра с ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π›ΠžΠ‘ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π»Π°Π·Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡ‹. ΠœΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Π΅ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΡ‘Ρ€ΠΎΠ² воспалСния (MCP-1, IL-8, IL-18), Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π° (VEGF) ΠΈ Ρ„ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π° (TGF-1) ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΠΎΡ„Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ИЀА. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹: Π£ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² 1 Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ с Π’Π£ (ПМР) ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ масс-спСктров Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ выявлСны измСнСния состава Π›ΠžΠ‘ ΠΌΠΎΡ‡ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ эти ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Ρ‹ ΠΎΡ‚ 2 Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ сравнСния. Π£Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ ΠΊΡ€Π΅Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ»ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ (БКЀ) Π² ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΈΡ… Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ… Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ статистичСских ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠΉ. Π’ ΠΌΠΎΡ‡Π΅ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с Π’Π£ (ПМР) наблюдалось ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² воспалСния MCP-1, IL-18, IL-8, Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π° VEGF ΠΈ Ρ„ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π° TGF- 1 (Ρ€0,001). Π£ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² 1 Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ с Π’Π£ (ПМР) концСнтрация ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ зависСла ΠΎΡ‚ стСпСни Ρ€Π΅Ρ„Π»ΡŽΠΊΡΠ°. Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅: ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ исслСдованиС ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² рСгистрируСмых масс-спСктрах сущСствуСт Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€ ΠΏΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅, ΠΈ продСмонстрировало ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π» масс-спСктромСтричСского Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π²ΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ° для обнаруТСния поврСТдСния ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΊ Ρƒ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с Π’Π£. ИспользованиС стандартных Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΡ€Π΅Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ БКЀ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ позволяло Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ - Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅. ΠŸΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΌΠΎΡ‡Π΅ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с Π’Π£ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² воспалСния, Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π° ΠΈ Ρ„ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ поврСТдСния ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΊ, гипоксии ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΡ‹, Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ„ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΈ воспалСния Π² Π½Π΅ΠΉ Ρƒ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с Π’Π£
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