Dynamical Systems, Topology and Conductivity in Normal Metals

New observable integer-valued numbers of the topological origin were revealed by the present authors studying the conductivity theory of single crystal 3D normal metals in the reasonably strong magnetic field ($B \leq 10^{3} Tl$). Our investigation is based on the study of dynamical systems on Fermi surfaces for the motion of semi-classical electron in magnetic field. All possible asymptotic regimes are also found for $B \to \infty$ based on the topological classification of trajectories.Comment: Latex, 51 pages, 14 eps figure

Topological Phenomena in Normal Metals

This paper is devoted to topological phenomena in normal metals with rather complicated Fermi surface. The results of the article are based on the deep topological theorems concerning the geometry of non-compact plane sections of level surfaces of periodic function in 3-dimensional Euclidean space which are the quasi-classical electron orbits in the presence of homogeneous magnetic field. The main result is that the observation of electrical conductivity in strong magnetic fields can reveal such nontrivial topological characteristics of Fermi surface as integral planes, connected with conductivity tensor and locally stable under small rotations of magnetic field. This planes are connected with generic non-closed orbits on the Fermi surface. Some non-generic situations are also discussed.Comment: 21 pages, 9 Encapsulated Postscript figure

Elementary Intracellular Ca Signals approximated as a Transition of Release Channel System from a Metastable State

Cardiac muscle contraction is initiated by an elementary Ca signal (called Ca spark) which is achieved by collective action of Ca release channels in a cluster. The mechanism of this synchronization remains uncertain. We approached Ca spark activation as an emergent phenomenon of an interactive system of release channels. We constructed a weakly lumped Markov chain that applies an Ising model formalism to such release channel clusters and probable open channel configurations and demonstrated that spark activation is described as a system transition from a metastable to an absorbing state, analogous to the pressure required to overcome surface tension in bubble formation. This yielded quantitative estimates of the spark generation probability as a function of various system parameters. We performed numerical simulations to find spark probabilities as a function of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca concentration, obtaining similar values for spark activation threshold as our analytic model, as well as those reported in experimental studies. Our parametric sensitivity analyses also showed that the spark activation threshold decreased as Ca sensitivity of RyR activation and RyR cluster size increased

On the meteor trail spectra

Meteor radiation appears as a result of collisions between meteoroid atoms and air molecules. Depending on duration, this radiation is usually divided into the following types: radiation of the meteor head; radiation of a coma surrounding or immediately following the meteor head; radiation of a trail formed as a result of fragments lagging behind or by the afterglow; and radiation of a meteor train forming from a tail as a result of various chemical and dynamical processes. To investigate physical processes caused by each of the above types, it is necessary to obtain the corresponding experimental data. The physical processes of the radiation and the measurement of the experimental data is discussed

Study of spent nuclear fuel components distribution in a "liquid metal – molten salt" system with a variable composition of the liquid metal phase

Объектом исследования являются жидкометаллические двухфазные (Ж+ИМС) и гомогенные сплавы урана с эвтектическими расплавами Ga-Al и Ga-In. Целью настоящей работы является комплексное изучение поведения и экспериментальное определение основных термодинамических характеристик компонентов облученного ядерного топлива, в частности урана, а также изучение процессов распределения и селективного извлечения компонентов ОЯТ в системе «жидкометаллический сплав – солевой расплав» с неэвтектическим составом жидкометаллической фазы, в широком температурном диапазоне (423 – 973 К).The object of this study are two-phase liquid-metal (L + IMC ) and homogeneous alloys of uranium with eutectic melts of Ga-Al and Ga-In. The purpose of this study is to conduct a comprehensive study and experimental determination of the basic thermodynamic characteristics of the components of spent nuclear fuel, including uranium, as well as the study of the processes of distribution and selective extraction of components of spent nuclear fuel in the "liquid metal alloy - molten salt" with noneutectic composition of the liquid metal phase in a wide temperature range (423 - 973K).Программа развития УрФУ на 2013 год (п.1.2.2.3

Open level lines of a superposition of periodic potentials on a plane

We consider here open level lines of potentials resulting from the superposition of two different periodic potentials on the plane. This problem can be considered as a particular case of the Novikov problem on the behavior of open level lines of quasi-periodic potentials on the plane with four quasi-periods. At the same time, the formulation of this problem may have many additional features that arise in important physical systems related to it. Here we will try to give a general description of the emerging picture both in the most general case and in the presence of additional restrictions. The main approach to describing the possible behavior of the open level lines will be based on their division into topologically regular and chaotic level lines.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, revte

Microvesicles and intercellular communication in the context of parasitism

There is a rapidly growing body of evidence that production of microvesicles (MVs) is a universal feature of cellular life. MVs can incorporate microRNA (miRNA), mRNA, mtDNA, DNA and retrotransposons, camouflage viruses/viral components from immune surveillance, and transfer cargo between cells. These properties make MVs an essential player in intercellular communication. Increasing evidence supports the notion that MVs can also act as long-distance vehicles for RNA molecules and participate in metabolic synchronization and reprogramming eukaryotic cells including stem and germinal cells. MV ability to carry on DNA and their general distribution makes them attractive candidates for horizontal gene transfer, particularly between multi-cellular organisms and their parasites; this suggests important implications for the co-evolution of parasites and their hosts. In this review, we provide current understanding of the roles played by MVs in intracellular pathogens and parasitic infections. We also discuss the possible role of MVs in co-infection and host shifting