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    Children’s participation in the creation of play environments : two municipal projects and their respective approaches

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    Barns rĂ€tt till deltagande Ă€r, i och med att barnkonventionen sedan början av 2020 Ă€r svensk lag, ett högst relevant Ă€mne. I dag ses barn generellt som subjekt med unik kompetens om den egna verkligheten men trots detta involveras de alltför sĂ€llan i frĂ„gor som pĂ„verkar dem. Att barnkonventionen nu Ă€r lag innebĂ€r krav som inte funnits tidigare pĂ„ att barn ska fĂ„ vara delaktiga och uttrycka sina Ă„sikter. Det Ă€r dĂ€rför troligt att antalet initiativ som syftar till att involvera barn i olika typer av projekt kommer att bli fler. För att ge barn reell chans att pĂ„verka dessa projekt med sin unika kompetens krĂ€vs det att deras roll som deltagare noga övervĂ€gs i syfte att sĂ€kerstĂ€lla att deltagandet blir meningsfullt, vilket inte uppnĂ„s om den roll barnen tilldelas endast Ă€r av symbolisk karaktĂ€r. Det Ă€r essentiellt att slĂ€ppa in nya perspektiv i planeringen för att skapa socialt hĂ„llbara samhĂ€llen och forskning visar Ă€ven att barns kĂ€nsla av sjĂ€lvvĂ€rde ökar nĂ€r de ges chansen att vara med och pĂ„verka. Denna uppsats har gjort en empirisk undersökning av tvĂ„ kommunala projekt dĂ€r barn, pĂ„ olika sĂ€tt, varit involverade i skapandet av lekmiljöer. Landskrona stad har tillĂ€mpat olika former av samrĂ„d medan Örebro kommun har anvĂ€nt sig av ett konstnĂ€rligt tillvĂ€gagĂ„ngssĂ€tt. TillvĂ€gagĂ„ngssĂ€tten för att involvera barnen skiljer sig mycket Ă„t projekten emellan och det har dĂ€rför varit intressant att undersöka hur tillvĂ€gagĂ„ngssĂ€tten ser ut och hur de vidare kan utvecklas för att ytterligare öka barns deltagande. Projekten har studerats genom fyra intervjuer och en deltagande observation vilket har gett en bild av hur konstnĂ€rliga tillvĂ€gagĂ„ngssĂ€tt och samrĂ„dsbaserade tillvĂ€gagĂ„ngssĂ€tt kan se ut och hur barnens deltagande i projekten kan definieras. Genom studien har ett antal olika aspekter som Ă€r viktiga för att förstĂ„ tillvĂ€gagĂ„ngssĂ€tten kunnat identifieras. Det har visat sig viktigt att deltagandeprojektet har en förankring i barnkonventionen och den rĂ€ttighet till deltagande som betonas dĂ€ri. Det har ocksĂ„ visats viktigt att det finns en lika stark vision för barnens deltagande som det finns för projektets utveckling som helhet. Studien har Ă€ven visat pĂ„ vikten av att skapa alternativa och anpassade arenor för deltagande i syfte att synliggöra barns perspektiv.The convention on the rights of the child became Swedish law in the beginning of 2020. Children’s right to participation is therefore an issue of high relevance. Even though children are nowadays generally seen as agents with unique competence regarding their reality, they are rarely involved in issues that affect them. The convention on the rights of the child will require children to be given the chance to participate and express their opinions, which is a requirement that has not existed until now. The amount of initiatives with the intention of involving children in different types of projects is therefore likely to increase. In order to give children a real chance of influencing these projects with their unique competence, their role as participants will have to be carefully considered. Their role as participants should be meaningful, which will not be attained if the role that they are given is merely symbolic. In order to create sustainable communities, it is essential to include new perspectives in the planning, and research shows that children’s perception of their own self-worth is increased when they are given the chance to influence the result of certain projects. This thesis is based on an empirical study of two municipal projects, in which children has been involved in the creation of play environments. The city of Landskrona has applied a consultation approach and the city of Örebro has applied an art-based approach. The approaches used for involving the children are highly different, which is why it has been of great interest to investigate how they are formulated and how they can be developed in order to further increase children’s level of participation. In this thesis the projects have been studied through four interviews and one observation, which has conveyed a picture of how art-based approaches and consulting approaches can be executed and how the participation can be defined. Several different aspects of importance for understanding the approaches have been discovered. It is essential that the participation project is based on the right to participation that is highlighted in the Convention on the rights of the child. It is also essential that there is a clear vision for the children’s participation and that there is a balance between the different visions of the project. This study also showed that it is important to create alternative arenas in order to fully promote the children’s perspectives
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