Recommended reading list of early publications on atomic layer deposition-Outcome of the "Virtual Project on the History of ALD"

Atomic layer deposition (ALD), a gas-phase thin film deposition technique based on repeated, self-terminating gas-solid reactions, has become the method of choice in semiconductor manufacturing and many other technological areas for depositing thin conformal inorganic material layers for various applications. ALD has been discovered and developed independently, at least twice, under different names: atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) and molecular layering. ALE, dating back to 1974 in Finland, has been commonly known as the origin of ALD, while work done since the 1960s in the Soviet Union under the name "molecular layering" (and sometimes other names) has remained much less known. The virtual project on the history of ALD (VPHA) is a volunteer-based effort with open participation, set up to make the early days of ALD more transparent. In VPHA, started in July 2013, the target is to list, read and comment on all early ALD academic and patent literature up to 1986. VPHA has resulted in two essays and several presentations at international conferences. This paper, based on a poster presentation at the 16th International Conference on Atomic Layer Deposition in Dublin, Ireland, 2016, presents a recommended reading list of early ALD publications, created collectively by the VPHA participants through voting. The list contains 22 publications from Finland, Japan, Soviet Union, United Kingdom, and United States. Up to now, a balanced overview regarding the early history of ALD has been missing; the current list is an attempt to remedy this deficiency. (C) 2016 Author(s).Peer reviewe

Avaliação do desempenho de novilhos suplementados com sais proteinados em pastagem nativa na microrregião da Campanha Ocidental-RS

Foi realizado um experimento para avaliar o efeito da suplementação com sais proteinados sobre o desempenho de novilhos em pastagem nativa diferida(PND). A adição de levedura ativa ao sal proteinado formulado com amirréia resultou em melhores desempenhos dos novilhos pastejando pastagem nativa diferida

Comparison of the GH model to the GH model with PA.

<p>(a) Number of distance computations per a greedy search for GH network with PA for different degree cutoffs (<i>k</i>_<i>c</i>). (b) Average hop count during a greedy search for GH network with PA for different degree cutoffs. The inset shows the decay of greedy hop slope with an increase of the degree cutoff. Both plots are presented for Euclid data with <i>d</i> = 2, <i>M</i> = 12.</p

Cross-aldol reaction of isatin with acetone catalyzed by leucinol: a mechanistic investigation

Comprehensive mechanistic studies on the enantioselective aldol reaction between isatin (1a) and acetone, catalyzed by L-leucinol (3a), unraveled that isatin, apart from being a substrate, also plays an active catalytic role. Conversion of the intermediate oxazolidine 4 into the reactive syn-enamine 6, catalyzed by isatin, was identified as the rate-determining step by both the calculations (ΔG≠=26.1 kcalmol-1 for the analogous L-alaninol, 3b) and the kinetic isotope effect (kH/kD=2.7 observed for the reaction using [D6]acetone). The subsequent reaction of the syn-enamine 6 with isatin produces (S)-2a (calculated ΔG≠=11.6 kcalmol-1). The calculations suggest that the overall stereochemistry is controlled by two key events: 1) the isatin-catalyzed formation of the syn-enamine 6, which is thermodynamically favored over its anti-rotamer 7 by 2.3 kcalmol-1; and 2) the high preference of the syn-enamine 6 to produce (S)-2a on reaction with isatin (1a) rather than its enantiomer (ΔΔG≠=2.6 kcalmol-1)

Biophysical Characterization and Cytocompatibility of Cellulose Cryogels Reinforced with Chitin Nanowhiskers

Polysaccharide-based cryogels are promising materials for producing scaffolds in tissue engineering. In this work, we obtained ultralight (0.046&ndash;0.162 g/cm3) and highly porous (88.2&ndash;96.7%) cryogels with a complex hierarchical morphology by dissolving cellulose in phosphoric acid, with subsequent regeneration and freeze-drying. The effect of the cellulose dissolution temperature on phosphoric acid and the effect of the freezing time of cellulose hydrogels on the structure and properties of the obtained cryogels were studied. It has been shown that prolonged freezing leads to the formation of denser and stronger cryogels with a network structure. The incorporation of chitin nanowhiskers led to a threefold increase in the strength of the cellulose cryogels. The X-ray diffraction method showed that the regenerated cellulose was mostly amorphous, with a crystallinity of 26.8&ndash;28.4% in the structure of cellulose II. Cellulose cryogels with chitin nanowhiskers demonstrated better biocompatibility with mesenchymal stem cells compared to the normal cellulose cryogels

Inducción pregrado 2019-1

La Universidad de Medellín dio la bienvenida a los estudiantes nuevos pertenecientes al período lectivo 2019-1, en el Teatro Universidad de Medellín, en este evento los directivos y jefes de programa dieron el saludo inicial a los nuevos miembros de la comunidad UdeMedellín. Foto 1. Mesa Principal de izquierda a derecha De izquierda a derecha se encuentran: - Jefe de la Sección de Admisiones y Registro, Sandra Patricia Giraldo Montoya - Jefe de la División de Relaciones Internacionales, Milena Mejía Vásquez - Decano de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, John Fernando Restrepo Tamayo - Decano de la Facultad de Comunicación, Luis Mariano González Agudelo - Decana de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas, Marta Cecilia Benítez Trujillo - Vicerrectora Administrativa y Financiera, Stella Saba López - Vicerrectora de Investigaciones, Nubia Amparo Palacio Lopera - Secretaria General, Esperanza Restrepo de Isaza - Rector, Néstor Hincapié Vargas - Vicerrectora Académica, Luz Doris Bolívar Yepes - Vicerrector de Extensión, Felipe Jaramillo Vélez - Decano de la Facultad de Derecho, Francisco Javier Valderrama Bedoya - Decano de la Facultad de Ingenierías, Carlos Eduardo López Bermeo - Decano de la Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, José Alberto Rúa Vásquez - Decano (E) de la Facultad de Diseño, Juan Sebastián Arias Flórez y - Jefe de la División de Desarrollo Humano y Bienestar Universitario, Reiner Estrada Castaño. Foto 2. Mesa principal de derecha a izquierda - Jefe de la División de Desarrollo Humano y Bienestar Universitario, Reiner Estrada Castaño. - Decano (e) de la Facultad de Diseño, Juan Sebastián Arias Flórez - Decano de la Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, José Alberto Rúa Vásquez - Decano de la Facultad de Ingenierías, Carlos Eduardo López Bermeo - Decano de la Facultad de Derecho, Francisco Javier Valderrama Bedoya - Vicerrector de Extensión, Felipe Jaramillo Vélez - Vicerrectora Académica, Luz Doris Bolívar Yepes - Rector, Néstor Hincapié Vargas - Secretaria General, Esperanza Restrepo de Isaza - Vicerrectora de Investigaciones, Nubia Amparo Palacio Lopera - Vicerrectora Administrativa y Financiera, Stella Saba López - Decana de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas, Marta Cecilia Benítez Trujillo - Decano de la Facultad de Comunicación, Luis Mariano González Agudelo - Decano de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, John Fernando Restrepo Tamayo - Jefe de la División de Relaciones Internacionales, Milena Mejía Vásquez y - Jefe de la Sección de Admisiones y Registro, Sandra Patricia Giraldo Montoya Foto 3. Palabras del Rector El señor Rector fue el encargado de dar las palabras oficiales de bienvenida a los estudiantes nuevos pertenecientes al período 2019-1, donde les reiteró que la Universidad de Medellín es su casa y que en ella serán formados como Profesionales Integrales y Ciudadanos Humanizados

On the early history of atomic layer deposition: most significant works and applications

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a technique that has been instrumental in enabling the semiconductor industry to maintain its adherence to Moore’s Law, and is becoming a gamechanger in several other fields. A worldwide voluntary effort called “Virtual Project on the History of ALD” (VPHA), open for everyone with an ALD background to participate, was launched in summer 2013 to explore how the ALD concept was developed; which were the first ALD experiments; when, where, why and by whom they were made. Earlier VPHA outcomes were published at ALD 2014 (accessed through VPHA’s website http://vphald.com); VPHA has made steady progress since then. Here we will present a conclusive recommended reading list of the most significant early ALD publications and briefly review the most important individual works and applications. Acknowledgements: We are grateful for Dr. Tuomo Suntola’s general support during the VPHA and for Dr. Aziz Abdulagatov’s and Annina Titoff’s assistance in initiating it. The VPHA would not have been possible without the recent advances in professional social networking and cloud computing. RLP acknowledges partial funding from the Finnish Centre of Excellence in Atomic Layer Deposition. The author list is intentionally in alphabetical order