2 research outputs found
Mwongozo wa Mafunzo kwa Vitendo wa Kutayarisha na Kutunza Bustani ya Miche ya Miti kwa Wanavikundi Vya Misitu Katika Kata Zinazozunguka Msitu wa Hifadhi wa Milima ya Masasi
Mradi wa Kuongeza Teknolojia za Kupunguza Hewa ya Ukaa na Kuboresha Maisha
ya Jamii zinazozunguka misitu ni sehemu ya Mradi wa Kuweka Mikakati ya Kuokoa
Misitu iliyo hatarinini kutoweka nchini Tanzania yaani ‘Strategic Interventions’.
Mradi huu upo chini ya Programu ya Kudhibiti na Kukabiliana Mabadiliko ya
Tabia ya Nchi Tanzania unaotambuliwa kwa kiingereza kama ‘Climate Change
Impact Adaptation and Mitigation (CCIAM) Programme in Tanzania’ unaoratibiwa
na Chuo Kikuu cha Sokoine cha Kilimo, Morogoro. Mradi huu unavishirikisha
vyuo vikuu vitatu nchini Tanzania ambavyo ni Chuo kikuu cha Dar es Salaam
(UDSM), Chuo kikuu cha Ardhi (ARU) pamoja na mamlaka ya Hali ya Hewa
(TMA). Pia mradi unavihusisha vyuo vikuu nchini Norway chini ya uratibu wa
Chuo kikuu cha Sayansi cha Norway (UMB).
Madhumuni ya Mradi wa Kuongeza Teknolojia za Kupunguza Hewa ya ukaa
na Kuboresha Maisha ya Jamii zinazozunguka misitu ni kusaidia juhudi za
jamii (watu) husika katika kutekeleza hatua mbalimbali za kulinda, kurejesha
na usimamizi endelevu wa misitu ili kukabiliana na athari za mabadiliko ya
tabia ya nchi. Mradi huu umepangwa kutekelezwa katika Mji Mdogo wa Masasi,
Wilayani Masasi.
Mji mdogo wa Masasi una eneo la kilometa za mraba 376.7 na idadi ya watu ni
zaidi ya 101,059 (kwa mwaka 2007) ambao wanaoishi katika kata sita za mji
huo. Ukiondoa kata ya Mkuti, kata tano zilizosalia ambazo ni Sita, Temeke,
Migongo, Jida na Mtandi zinazunguka Msitu wa Hifadhi wa Milima ya Masasi
ambao ni msitu wa asili. Mnamo tarehe 15 – 22 Mei 2011 timu ya wataalamu
watano wa mradi walitembelea mji huo kwa madhumuni ya kufanya upembuzi
wa awali ndani ya msitu na kufanya mikutano na wadau mbalimbali kama vile
wafanyakazi wa mji ndogo, vikundi vya mazingira na serikali za kata za Temeke,
Migongo na Mtandi kwa ajili ya kuanza kutekeleza mradi huo.
Upembuzi huo wa awali ulibaini kwamba Msitu huo wa hifadhi wa milima
ya Masasi ulikuwa umeharibiwa kwa kiasi kikubwa kutokana na shughuli za
binadamu kama vile kukata miti kwa ajili ya kuchoma mkaa, mbao na kuni, kulima
ndani ya msitu na kuchoma moto. Maeneo mengi ya msitu yalikuwa yameathirika
ikiwemo kupungua kwa vyanzo vya maji na vyanzo vya maji vilivyosalia maji
yake yalikuwa machafu na hayatoshelezi mahitaji ya jamii inayozunguka msitu.
Shughuli za uharibifu wa msitu ziliendelea kufanyika na watu wengi wanaoishi
2æ
Bustani ya Miche ya Miti - Mwongozo
kwenye kata zinazozunguka msitu waliendelea kutegemea rasilimali za msitu
huo ili kujipatia mahitaji mbalimbali yakiwemo maji na mazao mbalimbali.
Aidha upembuzi wa awali ulibaini kuwa kata za Temeke, Migongo na Mtandi
kupitia serikali zao (Ward council) zilikubali kuanzishwa kwa vikundi vya
misitu/mazingira kwenye kata zao na kuwahimiza wanavikundi kupanda miti
kwa kusaidiwa na mradi kwa ajili ya kutunza Msitu wa Hifadhi wa Milima ya
Masasi pamoja na kupata mahitaji yao kama ilivyopendekezwa na wataalam.
Hata hivyo baada ya kubaini kuwa wanavikundi hawakuwa na ujuzi wa shughuli
za upandaji miti hususan shughuli ya kutayarisha na kutunza bustani ya miche
ya miti, wataalam walipanga kutoa elimu ya uoteshaji na utunzaji wa miche ya
miti kwa wanavikundi wa misitu wa kata zinazozunguka Msitu wa Hifadhi wa
Milima ya Masasi ili waweze kupata ujuzi na utaalam husika kwa vitendo.
Elimu hii itawasaidia wanajamii na hasa kaya kuweza kujihusisha kikamilifu
katika suala zima la upandaji miti na hivyo kupunguza kasi ya uharibifu ndani
ya Msitu wa Hifadhi wa Milima ya Masasi, kuongeza kasi ya upunguzaji hewa
ukaa angani na bila kusahau suala zima la kuongeza kipato cha kaya/jamii kwa
kupitia uuzaji wa miche mbalimbali.Huu ni muongozo wa uanzishaji na utunzaji wa kitalu cha miche ya mitiNorwegian Embass
The effect of clay on the persistence of BTi toxicity against mosquito larvae in Morogoro, Tanzania IA
The article is a result of a project titled: The Impact
and fate of pesticidal proteins from Bacillus
thuringiensis spp. in tropical soils and waters as
influenced by interactions with clays - MICROBE
- (Project No. INCO no ERBICI8 CT 970135)Laboratory colonies of Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus were reared from parental larvae
obtained from the Ifakara Health Research Centre and septic tanks ill Morogoro Municipality
respectively. Water ponds (1M3
) were constructed at selected sites and left open for mosquitoes to breed
ill freely. Various concentrations of Bti crystals were-mixed with varying concentrations of clay and tested
against third instar larvae of each species at various periods of time post-preparation. A total of 60 larvae
(20 x 3) were exposed to each mixture in the laboratory, and each- experiment was replicated four times.
Mortality rates were recorded after 241t. exposure.
The observations revealed that for every concentration of Bti crystals used, the toxicity on both species of
mosquitoes was less persistent in crystal/clay mixtures than in crystals alone. It was also shown that such
persistence was much less in mixtures containing large concentrations of clay (5mg/ml) titan in those
containing low concentrations (0.05 - 0.5 mg/ml) of clay. It wasfurther observed th at the toxicity against
Culex and Anopheles larvae was more persistent in mixtures containing higher concentrations of Bti
crystals (0.12 - 0.3 ug/ml) titan ill those containing low concentrations (0.03 - 0.06 ug/ml) of the toxin.
Furthermore, it was observed that C. quinquefasciatus larvae succumbed to Bti crystal/clay mixtures for
longer periods titan A. gambiae larvae.
It was generally concluded that clays have 11 negative impact on the persistence of Bti toxicity against
mosquito larvae and th at such impact is more significant in mixtures containing large concentrations
clay. It was also concluded that despite the environmental friendliness of Bti, its applicability by
communities is limited in view of its short persistence when it is adsorbed to tropical soils which are found
in most natural mosquito breeding sites.European
Union (EU