Effect of Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease and Renal Replacement Therapies on Oxidant-Antioxidant Balance in Uremic Patients

Oxidative stress seems to be involved in the path physiology of cardiovascular complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we determined the effect of different stages of CKD and substitutive therapies on oxidative stress. One hundred sixty-seven patients (age: 44±06 years; male/female: 76/91) with CKD were divided into 6 groups according to the National Kidney Foundation classification. Prooxidant status was assessed by assaying thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, hydroperoxides, and protein carbonyls. Antioxidant defence was performed by analysis of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, vitamin E, Iron, and bilirubin. TBARS and LPO were higher in HD patients compared to other groups (P<0.001), while protein carbonyls were more increased in PD patients. The antioxidant enzymes were declined already at severe stage of CKD and they were declined notably in HD patients (P<0.001). Similar observation was found for vitamin E, Fe, and bilirubin where we observed a significant decrease in the majority of study groups, especially in HD patients (P<0.001). The evolution of CKD was associated with elevated OS. HD accentuates lipid, while PD aggravates protein oxidation. However, the activity of antioxidant enzymes was altered by impaired renal function and by both dialysis treatments

Effect of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis on redox status in chronic renal failure patients: a comparative study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Objective</p> <p>To investigate the effects of hemodialysis (HD) and periotoneal dialysis (PD) on oxidative stress in chronic renal failure patients (CRF).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>20 HD patients (M/F: 8/12, 36 ± 12 years) and 20 PD patients (M/F: 10/10, 40 ± 8 years) were compared with 20 end stage renal failure patients (CRF) (M/F: 4/16, 61 ± 13 years).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values were elevated in HD and decreased in PD compared to CRF (P < 0.05). TBARS-VLDL and TBARS-HDL₂were decreased in HD and PD, compared to CRF (p < 0.05). TBARS-LDL were higher in HD compared to CRF (p < 0.05). No significant difference in TBARS-HDL₃values between the three groups. Carbonyls were increased in HD (p < 0.05) and PD (p < 0.01) compared to CRF. Plasma superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) was decreased in HD compared to CRF and PD (P < 0.05). Glutathion peroxidase activity (GSH-Px) was decreased in HD and PD (P < 0.005), compared to CRF. Decrease in catalase activity was noted only in PD compared to CRF (P < 0.05). An increase in nitric oxide was noted in HD compared to CRF (p < 0.05). Albumin concentrations were higher in HD and PD compared to CRF (P < 0.001). Whereas uric acid concentrations were decreased in HD (P < 0.001) compared to CRF and PD. Bilirubin values were similar in all groups. Increased values of iron were noted in HD and PD, compared to PD (p < 0.001).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>HD and PD aggravate oxidative stress generated by uremia. HD accentuates lipid and protein peroxidation, while PD aggravates protein oxidation. However, the activity of antioxidant enzymes was altered by both dialysis treatments.</p

Effect of Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease and Renal Replacement Therapies on Oxidant-Antioxidant Balance in Uremic Patients

Oxidative stress seems to be involved in the path physiology of cardiovascular complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we determined the effect of different stages of CKD and substitutive therapies on oxidative stress. One hundred sixtyseven patients (age: 44 ± 06 years; male/female: 76/91) with CKD were divided into 6 groups according to the National Kidney Foundation classification. Prooxidant status was assessed by assaying thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, hydroperoxides, and protein carbonyls. Antioxidant defence was performed by analysis of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, vitamin E, Iron, and bilirubin. TBARS and LPO were higher in HD patients compared to other groups ( &lt; 0.001), while protein carbonyls were more increased in PD patients. The antioxidant enzymes were declined already at severe stage of CKD and they were declined notably in HD patients ( &lt; 0.001). Similar observation was found for vitamin E, Fe, and bilirubin where we observed a significant decrease in the majority of study groups, especially in HD patients ( &lt; 0.001). The evolution of CKD was associated with elevated OS. HD accentuates lipid, while PD aggravates protein oxidation. However, the activity of antioxidant enzymes was altered by impaired renal function and by both dialysis treatments

Chapitre 1 - Tensions autour de l’alimentation de l’enfant dans la ville d’Oran (Algérie)

Les auteurs tiennent à remercier Danone Nutricia Research (Alger et Palaiseau) pour le soutien financier apporté à cette recherche et pour les échanges fructueux avec les équipes sur les résultats. Ils remercient également les relecteurs et les évaluateurs anonymes pour leurs critiques et suggestions qui ont permis l’amélioration substantielle du chapitre tant dans le contenu que dans la forme. Résumé. Nous so..

Long term hemodialysis aggravates lipolytic activity reduction and very low density, low density lipoproteins composition in chronic renal failure patients

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Dyslipidemia, particularly hypertriglyceridemia is common in uremia, and represents an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>To investigate the effects of hemodialysis (HD) duration on very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) compositions and lipopolytic activities, 20 patients on 5 to 7 years hemodialysis were followed-up during 9 years. Blood samples were drawn at T0 (beginning of the study), T1 (3 years after initiating study), T2 (6 years after initiating study) and T3 (9 years after initiating study). T0 was taken as reference.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Triacylglycerols (TG) values were correlated with HD duration (r = 0.70, P < 0.05). An increase of total cholesterol was noted at T2 and T3. Lowered activity was observed for lipoprotein lipase (LPL) (-44%) at T3 and hepatic lipase (HL) (-29%) at T1, (-64%) at T2 and (-73%) at T3. Inverse relationships were found between HD duration and LPL activity (r = -0.63, P < 0.05), and HL activity (r = -0.71, P < 0.01). At T1, T2 and T3, high VLDL-amounts and VLDL-TG and decreased VLDL-phospholipids values were noted. Increased LDL-cholesteryl esters values were noted at T1 and T2 and in LDL-unesterified cholesterol at T2 and T3.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Despite hemodialysis duration, VLDL-LDL metabolism alterations are aggravated submitting patients to a greater risk of atherosclerosis.</p

Editorial: Alimentation méditerranéenne et santé [Mediterranean diet and health]

Ce numéro de Nutrition & Santé est un retour sur le 2 Congrès International de la Société Algérienne de Nutrition qui s'est tenu du 13 au 15 octobre 2015, à Alger, et dont la thématique principale portait sur l'Alimentation méditerranéenne et la santé. L'alimentation méditerranéenne représente un véritable trésor culturel et culinaire, prônant la consommation de certains aliments, comme les fruits, les légumes, les légumineuses, les grains entiers, les noix, le poisson. De plus, l'un de ses piliers repose sur la consommation de l'huile d'olive, dont les avantages sont nombreux. A cet effet, l'OMS et la FAO ont reconnu le régime méditerranéen comme un modèle d'alimentation de qualité, sain et durable. Par ailleurs, les régimes méditerranéens traditionnels sont nutritionnellement appropriés, avec des teneurs variées en graisses totales, faibles en acides gras saturés et très faibles en acides gras Trans, et riches en fibres et en vitamines et flavonoïdes antioxydants

Editorial Retour sur le 2ème Congrès International de la Société Algérienne de Nutrition ème [Return on the 2th International Congress of the Algerian Society of Nutrition]

Le 2ème Congrès International de la Société Algérienne de Nutrition s'est tenu à Alger, du 13 au 15 octobre 2015. Il a connu un succès encore plus important que la 1 édition, avec plus de 350 congressistes venus de différentes régions d'Algérie, du Maghreb et d'Europe. La thématique principale portait sur l'Alimentation Méditerranéenne et la Santé ainsi que la valorisation des produits méditerranéens, D'autres aspects ont été abordés tels que l'alimentation, la nutrition et la santé, les physiopathologies métaboliques et nutritionnelles dont les maladies non transmissibles, les composés bioactifs et la santé et la phytothérapie et la santé

Controverses sur les sucres [Controversies about sugars]

La surconsommation de sucres ajoutés et leurs effets putatifs sur diverses pathologies cardiométaboliques continuent de susciter des controverses. Dans les années 1950, le taux élevé de maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV), chez les hommes Américains a conduit à des études sur le rôle des facteurs alimentaires, tels que le cholestérol, les phytostérols, l'excès de calories, les acides aminés, les graisses, les glucides, les vitamines et les minéraux, à influencer le risque de MCV. Dans les années 60, deux éminents physiologistes, plaidant pour des hypothèses causales divergentes de MCV, John Yudkin a identifié les sucres ajoutés comme agent primaire, tandis que Ancel Keys identifiait les graisses totales, les graisses saturées et le cholestérol alimentaire. Cependant, dans les années 80, peu de scientifiques croyaient que les sucres ajoutés jouaient un rôle important dans la maladie coronarienne, et les premiers conseils nutritionnels de 1980 (1980 Dietary Guidelines for americans) étaient axés sur la réduction des graisses totales, des graisses saturées et du cholestérol alimentaire pour la prévention des MCV

AJUGA IVA TREATMENT INCREASES POST-HEPARIN LIPASE ACTIVITY AND DECREASES SERUM AND VLDL-TRIACYLGLYCEROLS IN RATS FED A CHOLESTEROL-RICH DIET

Objective: Hypercholesterolemia is among the most common health problems treated with traditional remedies. The role of lipoprotein lipase in hypercholesterolemia has been the subject of many reviews. We hypothesized that administration of Ajuga iva (Ai) aqueous extract to rats fed a cholesterol-rich diet would induce hypotriglyceridaemia by decreasing lipolytic activity.Methods: Male wistar rats (n=12) were fed on 1% cholesterol-enriched diet for 15d. After this phase, hypercholesterolemic rats (HC) were divided into two groups fed the same diet supplemented or not with Ai for 15d.Results: compared with the HC group, serum triacylglycerols (TG) and unesterified cholesterol (UC) values were respectively 1.4-fold lower and 1.8-fold higher in Ai-HC. VLDL amount (which represented the sum of apolipoproteins (apos)+TG+cholesteryl esters (CE)+UC+phospholipids (PL)), apos, TG and CE contents were, respectively, 2.2-, 2.6-, 4.4-and 1.9-fold lower, whereas that of UC were 1.9-fold higher in Ai-HC. LDL-HDL1-TG value was 1.5-fold lower, and that of PL was 2-fold higher in Ai-HC. The HDL2, amount, TG and UC values were respectively, 2.2-, 8-and 1.2-fold higher and the PL contents were 1.2-fold lower in the Ai-HC. The HDL3, TG, UC and CE values were 3-, 1.6-and 2-fold higher in the Ai-HC group, whereas, PL contents were 1.4-fold lower. Hepatic lipase activity was similar and that of post-heparin lipases was increased by+15% in Ai-HC.Conclusion: cholesterol-enriched diet supplemented with a lyophilised aqueous extract from Ajuga iva induces hypotriglyceridemia concomitantly with decreased VLDL-TG, by stimulating post-heparin lipoprotein lipase activity.Â