Module Testing for the CMS Forward Pixel Detector

The Forward Pixel Detector for the CMS Experiment consists of four disks. In total 672 modules are needed to assemble the disks. This translates into 18 million readout channels that need to be tested for their correct functionality making this task extremely challenging. This paper will present the procedure for testing these modules

The CMS Forward Pixel Detector

At the core of CMS all-silicon tracker is the pixel detector. It provides fine granularity for charged track reconstruction with three-dimensional space measurements with resolutions on the order of ten microns. It is comprised of two parts ? the barrel detector and the forward disks. The disks are called the Forward Pixel detector and are being assembled at Fermilab, U.S.A. The detector modules for the disks consist of eighteen million pixels and the production begins in summer of 2006. The designs and the present status of the detector are reviewed here

An outlook of the user support model to educate the users community at the CMS Experiment

The CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) experiment is one of the two large general-purpose particle physics detectors built at the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland. The diverse collaboration combined with a highly distributed computing environment and Petabytes/year of data being collected makes CMS unlike any other High Energy Physics collaborations before. This presents new challenges to educate and bring users, coming from different cultural, linguistics and social backgrounds, up to speed to contribute to the physics analysis. CMS has been able to deal with this new paradigm by deploying a user support structure model that uses collaborative tools to educate about software, computing an physics tools specific to CMS. To carry out the user support mission worldwide, an LHC Physics Centre (LPC) was created few years back at Fermilab as a hub for US physicists. The LPC serves as a "brick and mortar" location for physics excellence for the CMS physicists where graduate and postgraduate scientists can find experts in all aspects of data analysis and learn via tutorials, workshops, conferences and gatherings. Following the huge success of LPC, a centre at CERN itself called LHC Physics Centre at CERN (LPCC) and Terascale Analysis Centre at DESY have been created with similar goals. The CMS user support model would also facilitate in making the non-CMS scientific community learn about CMS physics. A good example of this is the effort by HEP experiments, including CMS, to focus on data preservation efforts. In order to facilitate its use by the future scientific community, who may want to re-visit our data, and re-analyze it, CMS is evaluating the resources required. A detailed, good quality and well-maintained documentation by the user support group about the CMS computing and software may go a long way to help in this endeavour.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figure

Summary Report of the Topical Group on Physics Education, Community Engagement Frontier (CEF4/CommF4) Snowmass 2021

An essential companion to the development and advancement of the field of Particle Physics is a strong program in physics education at all levels, that can attract entry level students across the full demographic spectrum and provide them with the education, training and skills needed to advance to successful careers in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) and other fields. This report summarizes the work of several investigative teams that have reviewed and assessed current opportunities in physics education across K-12, undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral domains, including national and international linkages. From these assessments, recommendations have been put forward aimed to innovate educationally in strategic ways to strengthen ties between the research community and teachers, between the academic community and the private sector, and through both domestic and international connections.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figur

COVID-19 pneumonia and mucormycosis a new challenging duo- rhino-occulo-cerebral mucormycosis: a case report

The pandemic of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed challenge not only in management of the primary disease but the emerging complications associated with COVID-19 has further complicated the course of disease. The course of COVID-19 disease is associated with infectious and noninfectious complications former include secondary bacterial and fungal infection adding to mortality and morbidity. COVID-19 disease associated candidiasis and aspergillosis have been reported as super infections but with the steroid and supplemental oxygen as mainstay treatment modality mucormycosis is now complicating the course of disease and presently posing challenge in India with already overburdened health care service. Mucorales is a saphrophytic fungi causes rhinocerebral infection involving nasal passages, sinuses, oral cavity and brain. It is usually seen in immunocompromised host and in diabetics with poorly controlled blood sugar level. High degree of clinical suspicion is needed to suspect and diagnose mucormycosis. It is a fatal disease because of its angioinvasive pathogenesis and treatment is promptly initiated to salvage mortality and morbidity. Authors report a case of rhino-oculo-cerebral mucormycosis in a middle-aged diabetic patient with severe COVID-19 disease

Performance analysis of InAlN/GaN HEMT and optimization for high frequency applications

An InAlN/GaN HEMT device was studied using extensive temperature dependent DC IV measurements and CV measurements. Barrier traps in the InAlN layer were characterized using transient analysis. Forward gate current was modelled using analytical equations. RF performance of the device was also studied and device parameters were extracted following small signal equivalent circuit model. Extensive simulations in Silvaco TCAD were also carried out by varying stem height, gate length and incorporating back barrier to optimize the suitability of this device in Ku-band by reducing the detrimental Short Channel Effects (SCEs). In this paper a novel structure i.e., a short length T gate with recess, on thin GaN buffer to achieve high cut-off frequency (f$_T$) and high maximum oscillating frequency (f$_{max}$) apt for Ku-band applications is also proposed

Software Training Outreach In HEP

The NSF-funded IRIS-HEP "Training, Education & Outreach" program and QuarkNet are partnering to enable and expand software training for the high school teachers with a goal to tap, grow and diversify the talent pipeline from K-12 students for future cyberinfrastructure. The Institute for Research and Innovation in Software for High Energy Physics (IRIS-HEP) is a software institute that aims to develop the state-of-the-art software cyberinfrastructure for the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) at CERN and other planned HEP experiments of the 2020’s. QuarkNet provides professional development to K-12 physics teachers in particle physics content and teaching methods. The two projects have recently built a collaborative relationship where a well-established community of QuarkNet K-12 teachers has access to a wide training on software tools via its Data and Coding Camps supported by IRISHEP. The paper highlights the synergistic efforts and future plans

Train to Sustain

The HSF/IRIS-HEP Software Training group provides software training skills to new researchers in High Energy Physics (HEP) and related communities. These skills are essential to produce high-quality and sustainable software needed to do the research. Given the thousands of users in the community, sustainability, though challenging, is the centerpiece of its approach. The training modules are open source and collaborative. Different tools and platforms, like GitHub, enable technical continuity, collaboration and nurture the sense to develop software that is reproducible and reusable. This contribution describes these efforts and its broader impacts

Evidence for Simultaneous Production of J/ψ and ϒ Mesons

We report evidence for the simultaneous production of J/ψ and ϒ mesons in 8.1 fb−1 of data collected at √s = 1.96 TeV by the D0 experiment at the Fermilab p¯p Tevatron Collider. Events with these characteristics are expected to be produced predominantly by gluon-gluon interactions. In this analysis, we extract the effective cross section characterizing the initial parton spatial distribution, σeff = 2.2 ± 0.7(stat) ± 0.9(syst) mb