10,672 research outputs found
Nilpotent Symmetries For Matter Fields In Non-Abelian Gauge Theory: Augmented Superfield Formalism
In the framework of superfield approach to Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST)
formalism, the derivation of the (anti-)BRST nilpotent symmetries for the
matter fields, present in any arbitrary interacting gauge theory, has been a
long-standing problem. In our present investigation, the local, covariant,
continuous and off-shell nilpotent (anti-)BRST symmetry transformations for the
Dirac fields are derived in the framework of the augmented
superfield formulation where the four -dimensional (4D) interacting
non-Abelian gauge theory is considered on the six -dimensional
supermanifold parametrized by the four even spacetime coordinates and a
couple of odd elements ( and ) of the Grassmann algebra.
The requirement of the invariance of the matter (super)currents and the
horizontality condition on the (super)manifolds leads to the derivation of the
nilpotent symmetries for the matter fields as well as the gauge- and the
(anti-)ghost fields of the theory in the general scheme of the augmented
superfield formalism.Comment: LaTeX file, 16 pages, printing mistakes in the second paragraph of
`Introduction' corrected, a footnote added, these modifications submitted as
``erratum'' to IJMPA in the final for
Evaluation of social personalized adaptive E-Learning environments : end-user point of view
The use of adaptations, along with the social affordances of collaboration and networking, carries a great potential for improving e-learning experiences. However, the review of the previous work indicates current e-learning systems have only marginally explored the integration of social features and adaptation techniques. The overall aim of this research, therefore, is to address this gap by evaluating a system developed to foster social personalized adaptive e-learning experiences. We have developed our first prototype system, Topolor, based on the concepts of Adaptive Educational Hypermedia and Social E-Learning. We have also conducted an experimental case study for the evaluation of the prototype system from different perspectives. The results show a considerably high satisfaction of the end users. This paper reports the evaluation results from end user point of view, and generalizes our method to a component-based evaluation framework
Wigner's little group and BRST cohomology for one-form Abelian gauge theory
We discuss the (dual-)gauge transformations for the gauge-fixed Lagrangian
density and establish their intimate connection with the translation subgroup
T(2) of the Wigner's little group for the free one-form Abelian gauge theory in
four -dimensions (4D) of spacetime. Though the relationship between
the usual gauge transformation for the Abelian massless gauge field and T(2)
subgroup of the little group is quite well-known, such a connection between the
dual-gauge transformation and the little group is a new observation. The above
connections are further elaborated and demonstrated in the framework of
Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) cohomology defined in the quantum Hilbert
space of states where the Hodge decomposition theorem (HDT) plays a very
decisive role.Comment: LaTeX file, 17 pages, Journal-ref. give
Gauge Transformations, BRST Cohomology and Wigner's Little Group
We discuss the (dual-)gauge transformations and BRST cohomology for the two
(1 + 1)-dimensional (2D) free Abelian one-form and four (3 + 1)-dimensional
(4D) free Abelian 2-form gauge theories by exploiting the (co-)BRST symmetries
(and their corresponding generators) for the Lagrangian densities of these
theories. For the 4D free 2-form gauge theory, we show that the changes on the
antisymmetric polarization tensor e^{\mu\nu} (k) due to (i) the (dual-)gauge
transformations corresponding to the internal symmetry group, and (ii) the
translation subgroup T(2) of the Wigner's little group, are connected with
each-other for the specific relationships among the parameters of these
transformation groups. In the language of BRST cohomology defined w.r.t. the
conserved and nilpotent (co-)BRST charges, the (dual-)gauge transformed states
turn out to be the sum of the original state and the (co-)BRST exact states. We
comment on (i) the quasi-topological nature of the 4D free 2-form gauge theory
from the degrees of freedom count on e^{\mu\nu} (k), and (ii) the Wigner's
little group and the BRST cohomology for the 2D one-form gauge theory {\it
vis-{\`a}-vis} our analysis for the 4D 2-form gauge theory.Comment: LaTeX file, 29 pages, misprints in (3.7), (3.8), (3.9), (3.13) and
(4.14)corrected and communicated to IJMPA as ``Erratum'
Superfield Approach to (Non-)local Symmetries for One-Form Abelian Gauge Theory
We exploit the geometrical superfield formalism to derive the local,
covariant and continuous Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) symmetry
transformations and the non-local, non-covariant and continuous dual-BRST
symmetry transformations for the free Abelian one-form gauge theory in four -dimensions (4D) of spacetime. Our discussion is carried out in the
framework of BRST invariant Lagrangian density for the above 4D theory in the
Feynman gauge. The geometrical origin and interpretation for the (dual-)BRST
charges (and the transformations they generate) are provided in the language of
translations of some superfields along the Grassmannian directions of the six
(-dimensional supermanifold parametrized by the four spacetime and two
Grassmannian variables.Comment: LaTeX file, 23 page
Hodge Duality Operation And Its Physical Applications On Supermanifolds
An appropriate definition of the Hodge duality operation on any
arbitrary dimensional supermanifold has been a long-standing problem. We define
a working rule for the Hodge duality operation on the -dimensional supermanifold parametrized by a couple of even (bosonic)
spacetime variables and a couple of Grassmannian (odd)
variables and of the Grassmann algebra. The Minkowski
spacetime manifold, hidden in the supermanifold and parametrized by , is chosen to be a flat manifold on which a two -dimensional
(2D) free Abelian gauge theory, taken as a prototype field theoretical model,
is defined. We demonstrate the applications of the above definition (and its
further generalization) for the discussion of the (anti-)co-BRST symmetries
that exist for the field theoretical models of 2D- (and 4D) free Abelian gauge
theories considered on the four - (and six )-dimensional
supermanifolds, respectively.Comment: LaTeX file, 25 pages, Journal-versio
Pengaruh City Branding “the Soul of Madura” Dan Motivasi Wisatawan Terhadap Keputusan Berkunjung Ke Kabupaten Sumenep
This research aims to: Examine simultan effect of City Branding “The Soul of Madura” and tourist motivation on decision to visit; Examine partial effect of City Branding “The Soul of Madura” on decision to visit Sumenep regency; Examine partial effect of tourist motivation on decision to visit. The type of this research is explanatory research that approach to quantitative research. This research use 100 sample of tourist respondent whose visit Sumenep regency. The type of sampling is non probability sampling with purposive sampling as technique pickup sampling. This research use questionnaire as methode of collecting data. Data analysis that use in this research is describetive analysis and multiple regression analysis. The result of this research is: City Branding “The Soul of Madura” and tourist motivation has significant inlfluence decision to visit; City Branding “The Soul of Madura” has significant inlfluence decision to visit Sumenep Regency; tourist motivation has significant inlfluence decision to visit. Keys Word : City Branding, Tourist Motivation, and Decision to visi
Cohomological Operators and Covariant Quantum Superalgebras
We obtain an interesting realization of the de Rham cohomological operators
of differential geometry in terms of the noncommutative q-superoscillators for
the supersymmetric quantum group GL_{qp} (1|1). In particular, we show that a
unique superalgebra, obeyed by the bilinears of fermionic and bosonic
noncommutative q-(super)oscillators of GL_{qp} (1|1), is exactly identical to
that obeyed by the de Rham cohomological operators. A set of discrete symmetry
transformation for a set of GL_{qp} (1|1) covariant superalgebras turns out to
be the analogue of the Hodge duality * operation of differential geometry. A
connection with an extended BRST algebra obeyed by the nilpotent (anti-)BRST
and (anti-)co-BRST charges, the ghost charge and a bosonic charge (which is
equal to the anticommutator of (anti-)BRST and (anti-)co-BRST charges) is also
established.Comment: LaTeX file, 21 page
Comparative analysis of knowledge, attitudes and perceptions about induced abortions among medical and non-medical students of Karachi
Objectve: To determine the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions regarding induced abortions among university students of Karachi and compare these aspects among medical and non-medical students. STUDY Design: Cross sectional opinion survey. Methods: The study is a cross sectional opinion survey of medical and non-medical students from four educational institutions of Karachi using a pretested questionnaire. Results: Of the 381 students interviewed, 201 were medical and 180 were non-medical. More medical students were aware of the correct definition of induced abortion. An encouraging finding was the awareness of our study population about the only legally acceptable circumstance for induced abortion in Pakistan, that is, if conceptus is a risk to maternal health (p \u3c 0.001). More medical students cited complications that were technical like uterine perforation (p \u3c 0.001), cervical trauma (p \u3c 0.001), DIC (p \u3c 0.001), and sepsis (p \u3c 0.001). More medical students thought induced abortion to be a health issue (p=0.001) as compared to non-medical students. Most of the medical students felt the need to modify Pakistan\u27s law regarding abortion (p=0.008) especially for fetal anomalies (13.9%) and rape (7%).CONCLUSION: Though medical students were more knowledgeable about induced abortions as compared to the non-medical population, there is a need to improve awareness regarding induced and unsafe abortions and their consequences
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