IMPACT OF PAKISTANI LABOR MIGRANT NETWORK ON PAKISTAN’S INTERNATIONAL TRADE WITH THE MIDDLE EAST

Emigrants possess knowledge of host and sending countries’cultures and social environments that can help strengthen theeconomic relationship between them. We find this to be true forPakistan and its selected Middle East trading partners for whom thedata are available. Gravity model estimates suggest that eachPakistani emigrant contributed $422 to exports. This increase inexports can be attributed to Pakistani emigrants’ superior knowledgeof both countries environment as well as their help in reducingtransaction costs in trade. This study should be helpful to policymakers, who generally consider migrants to be the source ofremittances only, while our study showed that migrants help broadenour international trade as well

DISCRIMINATION AND CAREER MOBILITY AMONG FEMALE BANK EMPLOYEES

The less representation of women at top managerial levelremained an eye catching issue in organizational studies in therecent past. The current study aimed at revisiting the existingrelationship between gender discrimination and career mobility ina sample of female bank employees. Furthermore, the influence ofsocial norms, work-family balance and self- efficacy as mediatingvariables is examined. Data were collected through self-reportedquestionnaire from female bank employees. Correlation andregression tests were applied using the SPSS. Results indicate thatthere is a negative link between gender discrimination and femalecareer mobility in banks operating in Pakistan

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.Peer reviewe

Conceptualisation, Systematic Review and Future Research Directions in the Broad Domains of Tourism Infrastructure

This paper explored the conceptualisation and research gaps in the field of tourism infrastructure. Key objective of the paper is to define tourism infrastructure and underline the areas explored by researchers and the fields uncharted yet. Systematic overview of existing research is given and briefly showed by details in papers. Articles published between 2007 and upto the end of 2021 has been selected to verify results. The details of author, objectives, methodology and results and conclusions are separated to help budding researchers to identify the research gaps. Nevertheless, the last section briefly describes the areas left untouched by studies for further research. The appraisal conducted shows that certain areas are not properly explored either conceptually, theoretically or empirically. Infrastructure gap is analyzed but the factors determining the functioning of infrastructure unbotched yet. Function of infrastructure to enhance service quality of environment is still unexplored and needs further empirical analysis. At the same time, there is a complete dearth of studies to analyse the contribution of sustainable infrastructure on dimensions of environment sustainability. Lastly, it is confirmed that the accessible literatures botched to give clear practical verification on the influence of tourism infrastructure on services and their influence on tourism resources management. As a result, it is anticipated that the study will add positively in said area and is obliging for lately researchers to conduct studies on uncharted dimensions

Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Recycled Concrete Aggregate and Fly Ash

Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) collected from the demolition of old reinforced concrete structures can be reused to prepare structural and non-structural concrete, thereby protecting the environment by preserving natural resources. This study explores RCA’s use, collected from the crushed concrete of different building projects in Riyadh, to manufacture fresh self-compacting concrete (SCC) and investigate its properties in the fresh and hardened state. Four SCC mixes were prepared by replacing natural aggregate (NA) with RCA at 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% replacement levels. The water-cement (w/c) ratio was maintained constant at 0.38 for all the mixes. Slump Flow, J-ring, and V-funnel tests were performed on the SCC mixes in the fresh state, and the compressive strength of hardened concrete was determined after seven, 14, and 28 days. Water absorption and split tensile tests were also carried out for all the mixes. The findings revealed that it is possible to reach compressive strengths higher than 40 MPa at 28 days for RCA replacement level of 75% by using a superplasticizer and low w/c ratio. The decrease in compressive strength concerning the SCC-NA mix was 25% for 75% replacement level. The highest split tensile strength at 28 days was around 3.3 MPa for a 50% replacement level. The lowest water absorption was 3.2% for SCC-NA, which was gradually increased and was highest at 5.6% for 75% replacement level

Organizational justice and employee in-role performance nexus: a dual theory perspective

The organizational sustainability heavily depends upon employee performance. The aim of the study is to examine the relationship of organizational justice and in-role employee performance. Moreover, the organizational embeddedness and employee advocacy are used as mediator and moderator, respectively. A sample of 402 medical doctors was selected from different hospitals using snow-ball sampling technique. Their responses were gathered through a closed-ended questionnaire. The data collected were analyzed using partial-least square method. The study shows that organizational justice in the organization increases the employees performance. Organizational embeddedness mediates their relation, whereas advocating the needs of the employees moderates their relation. We have contributed to the existing theoretical model proposed in earlier literature by comprehensively analyzing the organizational justice impact on the in-role performance, i.e. by including the interactional justice impact as well. Furthermore, we also propose to include the role of employees' advocacy in enhancing the in-role performance of the employees. The hospital managers can enhance employees' in-role performance by treating them fairly; apply same rules without any bias, while developing open communication with them. These measures can be further improved by providing support. The cross-sectional nature of the study may restrict the generalizability of results

Green human resource management and pro-environmental behaviour nexus with the lens of AMO theory

The purpose of this paper was to examine the extent to which green HRM impacts the pro-environmental behavior of employees via the mediation of Green Entrepreneurship and the moderation of Green Self-Efficacy in the hospitality sector of Pakistan. Research design included questionnaires and the study setting was cross-sectional. Respondents of the study were 4 and 5-star hotel employees of Islamabad city of Pakistan. However, a 205-sample size was taken from the population to collect primary data for deriving results. Data were collected from 205 hotel employees, and there were no incomplete data. Using SEM through Smart PLS 3.2.7, finally, 205 responses were analyzed. The results of the analysis showed that GHRM positively impacts the pro-environmental behavior of employees. Results show that there is a significant mediation of Green Entrepreneurship and a significant moderation of Green Self-Efficacy, respectively. This study fulfills the gaps in literature and provides pioneering inputs as there is a lack of studies in green HRM field, especially in the hospitality sector of Pakistan. This study enhances the knowledge in the green HRM field. Besides, this study also contributes practically and provides various inputs to hospitality sectors that how effective environmental performance can be enhanced by effectively incorporating green practices in the HR policies of organizations. This study is significant as it contributes to both theory and practice by providing fresh insights on green HRM

Soil Quality Index as Affected by Integrated Nutrient Management in the Himalayan Foothills

Soil quality assessment serves as an index for appraising soil sustainability under varied soil management approaches. Our current investigation was oriented to establish a minimum data set (MDS) of soil quality indicators through the selection of apt scoring functions for each indicator, thus evaluating soil quality in the Himalayan foothills. The experiment was conducted during two consecutive years, viz. 2016 and 2017, and comprised of 13 treatments encompassing different combinations of chemical fertilizers, organic manure, and biofertilizers, viz. (i) the control, (ii) 20 kg P + PSB (Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria), (iii) 20 kg P + PSB + Rhizobium, (iv) 20 kg P + PSB + Rhizobium+ FYM, (v) 20 kg P + 0.5 kg Mo + PSB, (vi) 20 kg P + 0.5 kg Mo + PSB + Rhizobium, (vii) 20 kg P + 0.5 kg Mo + PSB + Rhizobium + FYM, (viii) 40 kg@ P + PSB, (ix) 40 kg P + PSB + Rhizobium, (x) 40 kg P + PSB + Rhizobium+ FYM, (xi) 40 kg P + 0.5 kg Mo + PSB, (xii) 40 kg P + 0.5 kg Mo + PSB + Rhizobium, and (xiii) 40 kg P + 0.5 kg Mo + PSB + Rhizobium + FYM. Evaluating the physical, chemical, and biological indicators, the integrated module of organic and inorganic fertilization reflected a significant improvement in soil characteristics such as the water holding capacity, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and molybdenum, different carbon fractions and soil biological characteristics encircling microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and total bacterial and fungal count. A principal component analysis (PCA) was executed for the reduction of multidimensional data ensued by scoring through the transformation of selected indicators. The soil quality index (SQI) established for different treatments exhibited a variation of 0.105 to 0.398, while the magnitude of share pertaining to key soil quality indicators for influencing soil quality index encircled the water holding capacity (WHC), the dehydrogenase activity (DHA), the total bacteria count, and the available P. The treatments that received an integrated nutrient package exhibited a higher SQI (T10—0.398; T13—0.372; T7—0.307) in comparison to the control treatment (T1—0.105). An enhanced soil quality index put forth for all organic treatments reflected an edge of any conjunctive package of reduced synthetic fertilizers with prime involvement of organic fertilizers over the sole application of inorganic fertilizers