Usage of Social Networking Sites in Pakistan Interpersonal Communication and Motives of Youth

Social Networking Sites have gained popularity in recent years and opened new horizon of communication. To conduction the research on this phenomenon, descriptive research method was used and statistics SPSS by applying cross tab. An instrument based upon the Interpersonal Communication Motives (ICM) scale used in past uses and gratifications research measured motivations for SNS use. The research lays Katz and Blumer’s Uses and Gratification approach which states that different people use same media messages for different purposes to gratify their social and psychological needs to attain their goals. The study found that people go to Social Networking Sites to fulfill needs traditionally fulfilled by other media but for their interpersonal communication needs "Pleasure" was the prime motive on Social Networking Sites ‘Relaxation” and “Affection” also important motive for SNS use. Keywords: Youth, Social Networking, uses, interpersonal communication, motive

Functional nanoporous polyamide aerogels

Aerogels are low-density materials consisting of 3D assemblies of nanoparticles with high open porosities and surface areas. Inspired by the extraordinary mechanical strength of polymer crosslinked aerogels, our recent attention is focused on inexpensive multifunctional isocyanates reacting with a variety of aromatic, organometallic and inorganic monomers. Three such systems discussed here are: (A) Polymeric aerogels synthesized via a room temperature reaction of an aromatic triisocyanate with pyromellitic acid. Using solid-state CPMAS 13C and 15N NMR, it was found that the skeletal framework was a statistical co-polymer of polyamide, polyurea and polyimide. Stepwise pyrolytic decomposition followed by reactive etching of those components yielded microporous carbon aerogels with good gas sorption selectivities that may find application in CO2 capture and sequestration. (B) Ferrocene-polyamide aerogels prepared in one pot via reaction of an aromatic triisocyanate and ferrocene dicarboxylic acid. Upon pyrolysis (≥800 ⁰C / H2), monolithic Fe(0)-doped C-aerogels were obtained followed by quantitative transmetalation with noble metals (M: Au, Pt, Pd). The latter were demonstrated as heterogeneous catalysts in high yield reduction, oxidation and Heck coupling reactions. The monolithic catalysts were reused several times without loss of activity. (C) Polyureas formed via reaction of an aromatic isocyanate with several mineral acids, (H3BO3, H3PO4, H3PO3, H2SeO3, H6TeO6, H5IO6 and H3AuO3). The residual boron in the H3BO3 model system was very low (≤0.05 % w/w), leaving pure polyurea as product and ruling out any process, in analogy to that with carboxylic acids, for systematic incorporation of H3BO3 in the polymeric chains --Abstract, page v

Multiple KH Domains of Poly C Binding Protein are Required for its Trans-Activation on the Proximal Promoter of the Mu-Opioid Receptor Gene

The mu-opioid receptor (MOR) has been shown to mediate morphine induced analgesia, addiction, and tolerance. The expression of the major product of the MOR (MOR-1) gene has been found to be driven by two promoters, a distal promoter and a proximal promoter. The proximal promoter region has been shown in previous studies to be the major promoter for the regulation of MOR gene transcription in the adult mouse brain and embryonic development. Recent studies have shown that single-stranded DNA binding proteins (such as Poly C Binding Protein) are involved in transcriptional regulation of mouse MOR gene. Poly C binding protein (PCBPs) is categorized in the family of hnRNP\u27s, containing multiple K-Homology (KH) domains, which is involved in RNA stabilization, translational activation, and gene silencing. In this study, we attempted to determine the trans-activation domains of PCBP and examine the regulatory effects of each trans-activation domain of PCBP in MOR transcription. Mouse neuronal cells (N2A) were transiently transfected with various truncation constructs of PCBP to determine which domains were important in trans­ activation. Our preliminary data suggests that at least two KH domains were required for PCBP to display its trans-activation activity

Multiple KH Domains of Poly C Binding Protein are Required for its Trans-Activation on the Proximal Promoter of the Mu-Opioid Receptor Gene

The mu-opioid receptor (MOR) has been shown to mediate morphine induced analgesia, addiction, and tolerance. The expression of the major product of the MOR (MOR-1) gene has been found to be driven by two promoters, a distal promoter and a proximal promoter. The proximal promoter region has been shown in previous studies to be the major promoter for the regulation of MOR gene transcription in the adult mouse brain and embryonic development. Recent studies have shown that single-stranded DNA binding proteins (such as Poly C Binding Protein) are involved in transcriptional regulation of mouse MOR gene. Poly C binding protein (PCBPs) is categorized in the family of hnRNP\u27s, containing multiple K-Homology (KH) domains, which is involved in RNA stabilization, translational activation, and gene silencing. In this study, we attempted to determine the trans-activation domains of PCBP and examine the regulatory effects of each trans-activation domain of PCBP in MOR transcription. Mouse neuronal cells (N2A) were transiently transfected with various truncation constructs of PCBP to determine which domains were important in trans­ activation. Our preliminary data suggests that at least two KH domains were required for PCBP to display its trans-activation activity

Correction to: the role of the complement system in traumatic brain injury: a review

Abstract After publication of the article [1], it was brought to our attention that Tables 1 and 2 were missing from the final manuscript, These tables can be seen below and have now been added to the revised version of the article

Negligence of Today is Darkening Our Tomorrow (A Case Study of Private Schools in KPK)

This research attempts to investigate the awareness and implementation of newly formed laws for the benefits of the private school teachers at their schools. Descriptive statistics is used to investigate the implementation and awareness about labour laws among teachers and owners of private schools. It is also attempted to test the impact of awareness regarding labour laws and its working conditions and implementation of labour laws in private schools on job satisfaction of a private school teacher. Data was collected from 21 private schools located in Peshawar (Pakistan). The target respondent in this research was teachers of private schools and owners of the schools. Sample comprises of 122 private school teachers and owners of 21 schools. A survey method was adopted and data was collected through a questionnaire. For data analysis SPSS 16 version was used. Hypotheses were tested in twenty one schools. The reliability of construct is validated by Cronbach’s Alpha value. Regression is used to the test the hypothesis.Results of study showed that application of labour rights and awareness about labour laws has positive significant impact on job satisfaction of a private school teacher. Study results provide support to role of application of labour laws in the private education institutes and awareness about labor laws among the different stakeholders as and when  achieved can bring more job satisfaction among the private school teachers which can result in better quality of education. Keywords: Education,  Labor, Private Schools, Regression, Quality of education

Preferred Leadership Style of Civil Services Officers ( CSO’s ) of Pakistan

The main objectives of this study were to investigate the "preferred leadership style of CSP officers". Moreover to find the leadership style on the basis of province of origin and gender and besides to find the relationship of province of origin and leadership style and the relationship of gender and leadership style. The study applied a survey technique to probe into the attitude of the CSP officers. The data for study was collected through personal administration of questionnaire from 174 trainees of the 40th batch in Civil Services Academy. Out of 174 trainees 71 returned the questionnaires in usable form. The respondents includes 30 from Punjab, 13 from Sindh, 13 from KPK, 3 from Baluchistan, 6 from AJK, 2 from FATA and 4 from Gilgit Biltistan where in 19 were male and 52 female.Bass (1985) Multifactor-Leadership-Questionnaire was submitted to the respondents to investigate the leadership style of the respondents after consultation with the supervisor.The data was collected tabulated and t-test was applied in order to check the preferred leadership style of the respondents. The chi-square, regression and ANNOVA used to find the relationship between the province of origin and leadership style, on the basis of gender and leadership style.It has been found from the study that overall highly preferred leadership style is management by expectation on the basis of province of origin and gender. Punjab trainees highly preferred intellectual stimulation, Sindh trainees highly preferred management by expectation, KPK trainees highly preferred laiseez-faire, Baluchistan trainees highly preferred contingent reward, where as the trainees from AJK highly preferred leadership dimension is laiseez-faire, trainees from the FATA highly preferred leadership style is management-by-exception while the trainees belonging to Gilgit Biltistan highly preferred intellectual stimulation dimension of leadership.The study found no significance differences in preferred leadership style on the basis of province of origin and gender. However, the study record needs further research to explore in depth the various aspects of the issue. Keywords:Leadership, MLQ, Civil Service Officers, Gender, Ledaership style