On the spatial organization of cell organelles and diffusion of proteins in organelle membranes

In the first part of this thesis, we study the diffusive motion of the (un)folded transmembrane protein VSVG in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Unfolded VSVG interacts with the ER’s quality control machinery. These interactions are probed by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy in vivo. We find that both, folded and unfolded VSVG show anomalous diffusion, however, the unfolded protein has a significantly stronger anomaly. Our experimental data and accompanying simulations suggest that parts of the quality control oligomerize unfolded VSVG, leading to a more anomalous/obstructed diffusion. The difference in anomaly subsides when unfolded VSVG is in a complex with its chaperone calnexin. Hence, calnexin dissolves the oligomers and thus prevents ER poisoning. The second part of this work is dedicated to the influence of cell’s shape on its internal organization. We find that organelle positions show large variations in ensembles of equally shaped cells, hence challenging the idea of a ”standard cell”. However, depending on cell geometry and symmetry, the centrosome shows a preferential direction of displacement from the cell center. Simulations that include pushing forces of microtubules on the centrosome and the repulsion of the nucleus by the cell membrane explain this localization

Evaluation emotionaler und kommunikativer Verhaltensweisen in Mensch-Roboter Interaktionen in therapierelevanten Szenarien zur Entwicklung eines Modells für die roboterunterstützte Therapie bei Sprach- und Kommunikationsstörungen

Malchus K. Evaluation emotionaler und kommunikativer Verhaltensweisen in Mensch-Roboter Interaktionen in therapierelevanten Szenarien zur Entwicklung eines Modells für die roboterunterstützte Therapie bei Sprach- und Kommunikationsstörungen. Bielefeld: Universität Bielefeld; 2015

Longitudinale Untersuchung zum Einsatz der hochauflösenden Arthrosonographie zur Diagnostik und Aktivitätsbeurteilung bei Patienten mit früher Psoriasisarthritis

Anliegen dieser prospektiven Studie war es, den Stellenwert der Arthrosonographie im Rahmen der Frühdiagnostik der Psoriasisarthritis und im Krankheitsverlauf unter Therapie zu erarbeiten. 60 therapienaive Patienten im Frühstadium der Erkrankung wurden in die Studie eingeschlossen. Die klinischen, sonographischen sowie radiologischen Befunde wurden in 3monatigen Abständen bis zu 12 Monaten erhoben und die sonographischen Befunde mit denen der klinischen Untersuchung auf Ebene einzelner Gelenke verglichen. Die individuelle Behandlung der Patienten erfolgte nach Maßgabe des behandelnden Rheumatologen auf Grundlage gängiger Empfehlungen. Für jede Visite erfolgte eine Kategorisierung des klinischen Ansprechens nach EULARResponse- Kriterien und der für die Psoriasisarthritis validierten MDA-Kriterien. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich die Arthrosonographie als valides Instrument zur Beurteilung des Therapieansprechens sowie zur Prognoseabschätzung bei früher Psoriasisarthritis eignet

Longitudinale Untersuchung zum Einsatz der hochauflösenden Arthrosonographie zur Diagnostik und Aktivitätsbeurteilung bei Patienten mit früher Psoriasisarthritis

Anliegen dieser prospektiven Studie war es, den Stellenwert der Arthrosonographie im Rahmen der Frühdiagnostik der Psoriasisarthritis und im Krankheitsverlauf unter Therapie zu erarbeiten. 60 therapienaive Patienten im Frühstadium der Erkrankung wurden in die Studie eingeschlossen. Die klinischen, sonographischen sowie radiologischen Befunde wurden in 3monatigen Abständen bis zu 12 Monaten erhoben und die sonographischen Befunde mit denen der klinischen Untersuchung auf Ebene einzelner Gelenke verglichen. Die individuelle Behandlung der Patienten erfolgte nach Maßgabe des behandelnden Rheumatologen auf Grundlage gängiger Empfehlungen. Für jede Visite erfolgte eine Kategorisierung des klinischen Ansprechens nach EULARResponse- Kriterien und der für die Psoriasisarthritis validierten MDA-Kriterien. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich die Arthrosonographie als valides Instrument zur Beurteilung des Therapieansprechens sowie zur Prognoseabschätzung bei früher Psoriasisarthritis eignet

Snowmelt Runoff Efficiencies on Arizona Watersheds

This item is part of the Agricultural Experiment Station archive. It was digitized from a physical copy provided by the University Libraries at the University of Arizona. For more information, please email CALS Publications at [email protected]

Recent Applications of Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching (FRAP) to Membrane Bio-Macromolecules

This review examines some recent applications of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) to biopolymers, while mainly focusing on membrane protein studies. Initially, we discuss the lateral diffusion of membrane proteins, as measured by FRAP. Then, we talk about the use of FRAP to probe interactions between membrane proteins by obtaining fundamental information such as geometry and stoichiometry of the interacting complex. Afterwards, we discuss some applications of FRAP at the cellular level as well as the level of organisms. We conclude by comparing diffusion coefficients obtained by FRAP and several other alternative methods

A Synoptical Classification of the Bivalvia (Mollusca)

The following classification summarizes the suprageneric taxono-my of the Bivalvia for the upcoming revision of the Bivalvia volumes of the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part N. The development of this classification began with Carter (1990a), Campbell, Hoeks-tra, and Carter (1995, 1998), Campbell (2000, 2003), and Carter, Campbell, and Campbell (2000, 2006), who, with assistance from the United States National Science Foundation, conducted large-scale morphological phylogenetic analyses of mostly Paleozoic bivalves, as well as molecular phylogenetic analyses of living bivalves. Dur-ing the past several years, their initial phylogenetic framework has been revised and greatly expanded through collaboration with many students of bivalve biology and paleontology, many of whom are coauthors. During this process, all available sources of phylogenetic information, including molecular, anatomical, shell morphological, shell microstructural, bio- and paleobiogeographic as well as strati-graphic, have been integrated into the classification. The more recent sources of phylogenetic information include, but are not limited to, Carter (1990a), Malchus (1990), J. Schneider (1995, 1998a, 1998b, 2002), T. Waller (1998), Hautmann (1999, 2001a, 2001b), Giribet and Wheeler (2002), Giribet and Distel (2003), Dreyer, Steiner, and Harper (2003), Matsumoto (2003), Harper, Dreyer, and Steiner (2006), Kappner and Bieler (2006), Mikkelsen and others (2006), Neulinger and others (2006), Taylor and Glover (2006), Kříž (2007), B. Morton (2007), Taylor, Williams, and Glover (2007), Taylor and others (2007), Giribet (2008), and Kirkendale (2009). This work has also benefited from the nomenclator of bivalve families by Bouchet and Rocroi (2010) and its accompanying classification by Bieler, Carter, and Coan (2010).This classification strives to indicate the most likely phylogenetic position for each taxon. Uncertainty is indicated by a question mark before the name of the taxon. Many of the higher taxa continue to undergo major taxonomic revision. This is especially true for the superfamilies Sphaerioidea and Veneroidea, and the orders Pectinida and Unionida. Because of this state of flux, some parts of the clas-sification represent a compromise between opposing points of view. Placement of the Trigonioidoidea is especially problematic. This Mesozoic superfamily has traditionally been placed in the order Unionida, as a possible derivative of the superfamily Unionoidea (see Cox, 1952; Sha, 1992, 1993; Gu, 1998; Guo, 1998; Bieler, Carter, & Coan, 2010). However, Chen Jin-hua (2009) summarized evi-dence that Trigonioidoidea was derived instead from the superfamily Trigonioidea. Arguments for these alternatives appear equally strong, so we presently list the Trigonioidoidea, with question, under both the Trigoniida and Unionida, with the contents of the superfamily indicated under the Trigoniida.Fil: Carter, Joseph G.. University of North Carolina; Estados UnidosFil: Altaba, Cristian R.. Universidad de las Islas Baleares; EspañaFil: Anderson, Laurie C.. South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Estados UnidosFil: Araujo, Rafael. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales; EspañaFil: Biakov, Alexander S.. Russian Academy of Sciences; RusiaFil: Bogan, Arthur E.. North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences; Estados UnidosFil: Campbell, David. Paleontological Research Institution; Estados UnidosFil: Campbell, Matthew. Charleston Southern University; Estados UnidosFil: Chen, Jin Hua. Chinese Academy of Sciences. Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology; República de ChinaFil: Cope, John C. W.. National Museum of Wales. Department of Geology; Reino UnidoFil: Delvene, Graciela. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España; EspañaFil: Dijkstra, Henk H.. Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity; Países BajosFil: Fang, Zong Jie. Chinese Academy of Sciences; República de ChinaFil: Gardner, Ronald N.. No especifica;Fil: Gavrilova, Vera A.. Russian Geological Research Institute; RusiaFil: Goncharova, Irina A.. Russian Academy of Sciences; RusiaFil: Harries, Peter J.. University of South Florida; Estados UnidosFil: Hartman, Joseph H.. University of North Dakota; Estados UnidosFil: Hautmann, Michael. Paläontologisches Institut und Museum; SuizaFil: Hoeh, Walter R.. Kent State University; Estados UnidosFil: Hylleberg, Jorgen. Institute of Biology; DinamarcaFil: Jiang, Bao Yu. Nanjing University; República de ChinaFil: Johnston, Paul. Mount Royal University; CanadáFil: Kirkendale, Lisa. University Of Wollongong; AustraliaFil: Kleemann, Karl. Universidad de Viena; AustriaFil: Koppka, Jens. Office de la Culture. Section d’Archéologie et Paléontologie; SuizaFil: Kříž, Jiří. Czech Geological Survey. Department of Sedimentary Formations. Lower Palaeozoic Section; República ChecaFil: Machado, Deusana. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Malchus, Nikolaus. Institut Català de Paleontologia; EspañaFil: Márquez Aliaga, Ana. Universidad de Valencia; EspañaFil: Masse, Jean Pierre. Universite de Provence; FranciaFil: McRoberts, Christopher A.. State University of New York at Cortland. Department of Geology; Estados UnidosFil: Middelfart, Peter U.. Australian Museum; AustraliaFil: Mitchell, Simon. The University of the West Indies at Mona; JamaicaFil: Nevesskaja, Lidiya A.. Russian Academy of Sciences; RusiaFil: Özer, Sacit. Dokuz Eylül University; TurquíaFil: Pojeta, John Jr.. National Museum of Natural History; Estados UnidosFil: Polubotko, Inga V.. Russian Geological Research Institute; RusiaFil: Pons, Jose Maria. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Popov, Sergey. Russian Academy of Sciences; RusiaFil: Sanchez, Teresa Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Sartori, André F.. Field Museum of National History; Estados UnidosFil: Scott, Robert W.. Precision Stratigraphy Associates; Estados UnidosFil: Sey, Irina I.. Russian Geological Research Institute; RusiaFil: Signorelli, Javier Hernan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Silantiev, Vladimir V.. Kazan Federal University; RusiaFil: Skelton, Peter W.. Open University. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; Reino UnidoFil: Steuber, Thomas. The Petroleum Institute; Emiratos Arabes UnidosFil: Waterhouse, J. Bruce. No especifica;Fil: Wingard, G. Lynn. United States Geological Survey; Estados UnidosFil: Yancey, Thomas. Texas A&M University; Estados Unido

Development of Cysteine-Free Fluorescent Proteins for the Oxidative Environment

Molecular imaging employing fluorescent proteins has been widely used to highlight specific reactions or processes in various fields of the life sciences. Despite extensive improvements of the fluorescent tag, this technology is still limited in the study of molecular events in the extracellular milieu. This is partly due to the presence of cysteine in the fluorescent proteins. These proteins almost cotranslationally form disulfide bonded oligomers when expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Although single molecule photobleaching analysis showed that these oligomers were not fluorescent, the fluorescent monomer form often showed aberrant behavior in folding and motion, particularly when fused to cysteine-containing cargo. Therefore we investigated whether it was possible to eliminate the cysteine without losing the brightness. By site-saturated mutagenesis, we found that the cysteine residues in fluorescent proteins could be replaced with specific alternatives while still retaining their brightness. cf(cysteine-free)SGFP2 showed significantly reduced restriction of free diffusion in the ER and marked improvement of maturation when fused to the prion protein. We further applied this approach to TagRFP family proteins and found a set of mutations that obtains the same level of brightness as the cysteine-containing proteins. The approach used in this study to generate new cysteine-free fluorescent tags should expand the application of molecular imaging to the extracellular milieu and facilitate its usage in medicine and biotechnology