12 research outputs found
Replacement of watching television with physical activity and the change in gestational diabetes mellitus risk: A case–control study
Objective: To evaluate the effect of replacing 1 h/week of watching television with
1 h/week of light to moderate (LMPA) or vigorous physical activity (VPA) before and
during pregnancy on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Methods: A case–control study was conducted in pregnant women. Physical activity
and television watching before and during pregnancy were assessed using the
Paffenbarger Physical Activity Questionnaire. Each type of activity was classified according
to intensity (metabolic equivalent of task; MET): less than 6 METs is LMPA, 6
METs or more is VPA. The duration of physical activity and watching television was
calculated, and logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios
(aOR) and 95% confidence intervals for their association with GDM risk. The isotemporal
substitution model was used to calculate the effect of replacing 1 h/week of
watching television with the same duration of physical activity.
Results: The GDM cases (n = 290) spent less time performing VPA than controls without
GDM (n = 1175) and more time watching television during pregnancy (P < 0.05). During
pregnancy, the risk of GDM increased for each hour of watching television (aOR = 1.02;
95% confidence interval 1.00–1.03). Women who spent more time watching television
during pregnancy were likely to develop GDM (aOR>14 h/week vs. 0–6 h/week = 2.03;
95% confidence interval 1.35–3.08). Replacing 1 h/week of watching television with
1 h/week of VPA during pregnancy could decrease the chance of developing GDM
(aOR = 0.66; 95% confidence interval 0.43–1.00).
Conclusions: A simple change of 1 h/week of watching television for 1 h/week of VPA
in pregnant women may reduce the risk of GDM considerablyFIS Scientific Research Project, Grant/
Award Number: PI 03/1207Junta de
Andalucía Excellence Project, Grant/
Award Number: CTS 05/942Universidad
de Granada/CBU
Serum copper levels and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Background: Despite the fact that several studies have investigated the association
between serum copper levels (S-Cu) and the risk of cardiovascular diseases, this
relationship remains unclear. The aims of this study were to investigate the
association between S-Cu and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events
(MACE), including total stroke, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, myocardial
infarction and cardiovascular mortality, and identify potential sources of results
heterogeneity.
Methods: We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis. The selection
criteria were: (1) Observational studies (cohort studies, case-control studies and
hybrid studies); (2) Studies containing quantitative data about the relationship
between S-Cu and risk of MACE; (3) Estimating association measures; and
(4) Studies written in English, French or Spanish. Overall pooled Odds ratio
(pOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of MACE for the highest vs. lowest
S-Cu category were calculated using random-effects models.
Results: Sixteen studies with a total of 41,322 participants were included in the
meta-analysis: 10 prospective cohort studies, 5 nested case-control studies and 1
case-control study. Comparing highest vs. lowest category, high S-Cu levels were
associated with total stroke (pOR: 1.49, 95% CI 1.22–1.82; I2=0%, p=0.54),
myocardial infarction (pOR: 1.31, 95% CI 1.17–1.46; I2=0.0%, p=0.92) and
cardiovascular mortality (pOR: 1.60, 95% CI 1.39–1.86; I2=0.0%, p=0.54).
Subgroup analysis showed that studies with a hybrid design had higher risks for
cardiovascular mortality (pOR: 3.42, 95% CI 1.98–5.92) and ischemic stroke (pOR:
1.54, 95% CI 1.30–1.83).
Conclusion: High S-Cu levels were associated with an increased risk of total stroke,
myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality. Hybrid studies seems to modify
the strength of the association between S-Cu and the risk of cardiovascular
mortality and ischemic strok
Preventing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus by Improving Healthy Diet and/or Physical Activity during Pregnancy: An Umbrella Review
Supplementary Materials: The following are available online at https://www.mdpi.com/article/
10.3390/nu14102066/s1, Tables S1–S3: Search strategy, Table S4: Excluded studies and justification,
Figure S1: Quality of included reviews assessed by Amstar 2, Tables S5–S9: Overlapping assessment,
Table S10: Description of physical activity intervention in included systematic reviews, Table S11:
Description of diet intervention in included systematic reviews, Table S12: Description of mixed
intervention in included systematic review.Acknowledgments: The authors thank Ingrid de Ruiter, MBChB, for English language and editing
support. The results of this study are part of the doctoral thesis of Malak Kouiti.Several epidemiological studies have analyzed the effects of lifestyle modification on
reducing the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM); however, their results remain inconsistent.
This umbrella review aims to evaluate the effects of diet and/or physical activity interventions
during pregnancy on preventing GDM. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis of randomized clinical
trials reporting preventive effects of diet and/or physical activity in reducing the incidence of
GDM were included from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane library. Two authors
independently assessed the overlapping and quality of the 35 selected reviews using AMSTAR
2. The results, although variable, tend to defend the protective role of diet and physical activity
interventions separately and independently of each other in the prevention of GDM. However, the
results for the combined interventions show a possible protective effect; however, it is not entirely
clear because most of the analyzed meta-analyses tend to approach 1, and heterogeneity cannot be
ruled out. Establishing conclusions about the most efficient type of intervention and a dose–effect
relationship was not feasible given the low quality of systematic reviews (83% low to critically
low) and the variability in reporting interventions. Therefore, more studies with better quality and
definition of the interventions are required. The protocol was previously registered in PROSPERO as
CRD42021237895
Persistent organic pollutant exposure as a risk factor of gestational diabetes mellitus:A systematic review and meta-analysis
Background: Findings related to the association between persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are inconclusive.Objectives: To estimate the strength of the association between POP exposure and GDM in a systematic review with meta-analysis. Search strategy: MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science were searched until July 2023. Selection criteria: Cohort and case–control studies analysing the association between POPs and GDM. Data collection and analysis: We assessed the risk of bias using the Quality in Prognosis Studies scale (QUIPS). Standardised mean differences were pooled using random-effect models. Main results: Sixteen articles including 12 216 participants were selected. The risk of bias was high in four articles (25%), moderate in 11 (68.75%) and low in one (6.25%). Small mean difference between GDM cases and controls was observed for PFHpA (0.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1–0.35, I2 = 0.0%), PCB180 (0.37, 95% CI 0.19–0.56; I2 = 25.3%), BDE47 (0.23, 95% CI 0.0–0.45, I2 = 0%), BDE99 (0.36, 95% CI 0.14–0.59; I2 = 0%), BDE100 (0.42, 95% CI 0.19–0.64; I2 = 0%) and HCB (0.22, 95% CI 0.01–0.42, I2 = 39.6%). No considerable difference was observed for the rest of POPs. Conclusion: Small mean differences between GDM cases and controls were observed for some POPs. However, evidence shows mostly moderate quality and results were heterogeneous. Improved research methodology is needed to assess POPs and GDM risk.</p
Replacement of watching television with physical activity and the change in gestational diabetes mellitus risk: A case–control study
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effect of replacing 1 h/week of watching television with
1 h/week of light to moderate (LMPA) or vigorous physical activity (VPA) before and
during pregnancy on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Methods: A case–control study was conducted in pregnant women. Physical activity and television watching before and during pregnancy were assessed using the
Paffenbarger Physical Activity Questionnaire. Each type of activity was classified according to intensity (metabolic equivalent of task; MET): less than 6 METs is LMPA, 6
METs or more is VPA. The duration of physical activity and watching television was
calculated, and logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios
(aOR) and 95% confidence intervals for their association with GDM risk. The isotemporal substitution model was used to calculate the effect of replacing 1 h/week of
watching television with the same duration of physical activity.
Results: The GDM cases (n= 290) spent less time performing VPA than controls without
GDM (n= 1175) and more time watching television during pregnancy (P< 0.05). During
pregnancy, the risk of GDM increased for each hour of watching television (aOR = 1.02;
95% confidence interval 1.00–1.03). Women who spent more time watching television during pregnancy were likely to develop GDM (aOR>14 h/week vs. 0–6 h/week= 2.03;
95% confidence interval 1.35–3.08). Replacing 1 h/week of watching television with
1 h/week of VPA during pregnancy could decrease the chance of developing GDM
(aOR = 0.66; 95% confidence interval 0.43–1.00).
Conclusions: A simple change of 1 h/week of watching television for 1 h/week of VPA
in pregnant women may reduce the risk of GDM considerably
Serum copper levels and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events: a systematic review and meta-analysis
BackgroundDespite the fact that several studies have investigated the association between serum copper levels (S-Cu) and the risk of cardiovascular diseases, this relationship remains unclear. The aims of this study were to investigate the association between S-Cu and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including total stroke, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality, and identify potential sources of results heterogeneity.MethodsWe carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis. The selection criteria were: (1) Observational studies (cohort studies, case-control studies and hybrid studies); (2) Studies containing quantitative data about the relationship between S-Cu and risk of MACE; (3) Estimating association measures; and (4) Studies written in English, French or Spanish. Overall pooled Odds ratio (pOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of MACE for the highest vs. lowest S-Cu category were calculated using random-effects models.ResultsSixteen studies with a total of 41,322 participants were included in the meta-analysis: 10 prospective cohort studies, 5 nested case-control studies and 1 case-control study. Comparing highest vs. lowest category, high S-Cu levels were associated with total stroke (pOR: 1.49, 95% CI 1.22–1.82; I2 = 0%, p = 0.54), myocardial infarction (pOR: 1.31, 95% CI 1.17–1.46; I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.92) and cardiovascular mortality (pOR: 1.60, 95% CI 1.39–1.86; I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.54). Subgroup analysis showed that studies with a hybrid design had higher risks for cardiovascular mortality (pOR: 3.42, 95% CI 1.98–5.92) and ischemic stroke (pOR: 1.54, 95% CI 1.30–1.83).ConclusionHigh S-Cu levels were associated with an increased risk of total stroke, myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality. Hybrid studies seems to modify the strength of the association between S-Cu and the risk of cardiovascular mortality and ischemic stroke.Systematic review registration[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022370782], identifier [CRD42022370782]
Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors Associated to Fruits and Vegetables Consumption in Elderly Europeans: A Systematic Review
Several epidemiological studies stress the association between a diet based on high fruits
and vegetables intake and a better health condition. However, elderly Europeans cannot manage the
recommended fruits and vegetables consumption. This systematic review aims to explore the main
factors related to fruits and vegetables consumption in elderly Europeans. We conducted literature
searches on Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to May 2022. Published articles
including data related to certain fruits and vegetables consumption among elderly Europeans were
selected. The New Castle-Ottawa Scale and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute tools were
used for methodological quality assessment by two authors independently. A total of 60 articles
were retrieved, and data from twenty-one high-quality cross-sectional studies and five moderate-tohigh-
quality cohort studies, including a total of 109,516 participants, were synthesized. Associated
factors mostly analyzed were those relating to demographic and socioeconomic status, such as sex,
age, marital status, educational level, and income. However, the findings show a high discrepancy.
Some evidence suggests a possible positive association, while other evidence shows an inverse or no
association at all. The relationship between demographic and socioeconomic factors with fruits and
vegetables consumption is not at all clear. More epidemiological studies with an appropriate design
and corresponding statistical methods are required.Vegetables for Better Aging: Improving The Quality Of Eating Practices
Among ElderlyBonduelle Foundation (2020–2022). Research Project I+D+I 2019Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain; Research Project I+D+I
2019Cod. 10.13039/5011000011033, The Ministry of Science and
Innovation, Spai