Quel est le rôle de l'infirmière en partenariat avec la personne âgée / famille dans la prévention des facteurs de risque de chute à domicile et dans la communauté ?: travail de Bachelor

Le risque de chute chez les personnes âgées vivant à domicile ou dans la communauté est fréquent et démontré dans la littérature. Les facteurs de risque de chute sont multidimensionnels : physiques, psychiques et environnementaux et sont davantage marqués dans la population vieillissante. De ce fait, il est important de se questionner quant au rôle de l'infirmière dans la prévention des facteurs de risque de chute auprès de cette population. Afin d'affiner le sujet, le modèle conceptuel de Laurie Gottlieb a été retenu, dans un but de centrer les soins sur la personne âgée et de s'adapter à ses besoins et ressources, afin d'établir des objectifs de soins communs

Contribution of legumes to the soil N pool

International audienceGrain legumes can be used for nitrogen acquisition in different ways in sustainable agriculture (Fustec et al., 2009). They are seen as a tool to reduce mineral N fertilizers in cropping systems. However, estimates of biological N fixation, N balance and N benefit either for the following crop or in mixed crops, remain unclear. The contribution of legumes to the soil N pool is difficult to measure, especially N rhizodeposition, since it is a critical point for assessing N benefits for other crops and for soil biological activity, and for reducing water pollution (Mayer et al., 2003). We adapted and refined the cotton-wick 15N stem labeling method for measuring the amount of soil N derived from rhizodeposition by field peas (Mahieu et al., 2007, 2009). The method was tested in different conditions in the field and in the greenhouse with various pea varieties and isolines. In addition, we used the cotton-wick method for assessing N transfers from pea to neighbouring durum wheat. In the greenhouse, a positive relationship was found between the amount of N rhizodeposits and the legume N content. N rhizodeposition was about 15% of the plant N and 30% in the field. In field pea / durum wheat intercrops, plant-plant N transfers were quantified and found to be bidirectional. Such results should be taken into account when estimating N benefits from biological N fixation by a grain legume crop and for the prediction of N economies in legume-based cropping systems. More studies dealing with rhizodeposit compounds and soil biological activity would now be necessary

Does nitrogen transfer matter in cereal-legume intercrops ?

International audienceBackground and aims: In legume- based intercrops, nitrogen is supposed to be transferred from the legume to the companion crop. However, nitrogen transfer in annual intercrops remains difficult to assess and poorly documented. We aimed to quantify bi-directional transfer between durum wheat and field pea using 15N labeling methods. Method: In a first greenhouse experiment, plant species were grown alone or intercropped. Bidirectional transfer between crops was assessed at three growth stages. In a second experiment, we compared the amounts of nitrogen transferred between species with either intermingled roots, or root separated by a fine mesh, with two levels of soil N. Results: In both experiments, the amount of N transferred from the legume to the cereal was small and did not differ from that transferred from the cereal to the legume. T ransfer between species was significantly higher when roots were intermingled than when they were separated by a mesh. It was smaller in intercrops supplied with nitrate than in unfertilized pots. Conclusion: Since nitrogen net flux from the legume to the cereal was null, N transfer in legume based intercrops may have no effect on the cereal yield

Cereal-legume intercropping modifies the dynamics of the active rhizospheric bacterial community

We assessed the impact of intercropping on the microbial communities in the rhizosphere of wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp durum) and pea (Pisum sativum L.). Using a RNA based approach coupled with bacterial phylum specific real time PCR, we found that the active bacterial communities in the wheat-pea association were distinct from those in the rhizosphere when crops were cultivated solely. This first explorative study showed that intercropping induced a synergetic interaction, which modified the structure of active microbial communities associated with roots by reducing the representation of Alpha-Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria while promoting Actinobacteria. The latter phylum harbors many species identified as growth promoting bacteria, calling for further analyses to better understand their function for intercropped cultures