153 research outputs found
Strongly spin-orbit coupled two-dimensional electron gas emerging near the surface of polar semiconductors
We investigate the two-dimensional (2D) highly spin-polarized electron
accumulation layers commonly appearing near the surface of n-type polar
semiconductors BiTeX (X = I, Br, and Cl) by angular-resolved photoemission
spectroscopy. Due to the polarity and the strong spin-orbit interaction built
in the bulk atomic configurations, the quantized conduction-band subbands show
giant Rashba-type spin-splitting. The characteristic 2D confinement effect is
clearly observed also in the valence-bands down to the binding energy of 4 eV.
The X-dependent Rashba spin-orbit coupling is directly estimated from the
observed spin-split subbands, which roughly scales with the inverse of the
band-gap size in BiTeX.Comment: 15 pages 4 figure
Slater to Mott crossover in the metal to insulator transition of Nd2Ir2O7
We present an angle-resolved photoemission study of the electronic structure
of the three-dimensional pyrochlore iridate Nd2Ir2O7 through its magnetic
metal-insulator transition. Our data reveal that metallic Nd2Ir2O7 has a
quadratic band, touching the Fermi level at the Gamma point, similarly to that
of Pr2Ir2O7. The Fermi node state is, therefore, a common feature of the
metallic phase of the pyrochlore iridates. Upon cooling below the transition
temperature, this compound exhibits a gap opening with an energy shift of
quasiparticle peaks like a band gap insulator. The quasiparticle peaks are
strongly suppressed, however, with further decrease of temperature, and
eventually vanish at the lowest temperature, leaving a non-dispersive flat band
lacking long-lived electrons. We thereby identify a remarkable crossover from
Slater to Mott insulators with decreasing temperature. These observations
explain the puzzling absence of Weyl points in this material, despite its
proximity to the zero temperature metal-insulator transition
Patientâreported outcomes from a singleâcentre prospective postâmarketing study on Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum injections for Peyronieâs disease
The aim of this study was to evaluate patientâreported outcomes of Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum (CCHi) for Peyronieâs Disease. Patients treated with 2â4 cycles of CCHi between 01/2016 and 08/2018 were asked to fill out the âbother domainâ of the Peyronieâs Disease Questionnaire (PDQ) at scheduled appointments for injections. CCHi cycles involved two injections (0.58 mg) separated by 48â72 hr. During the study, 34 patients were treated, seven patients were excluded due to incomplete baseline values. Mean (standard deviation) PDQ bother domain baseline score was 11.1 (2.6). ANOVA demonstrated statistically significant effects of injections (p < .001) with a decrease in PDQ bother domain scores 6 weeks after the 1st cycle (9.9 [3.3], p = .013), 6 weeks after the 2nd cycle (8.2 [4.0], p = .009) and 6 weeks after the 3rd cycle (6.5 [3.6], p < .001). After 2â4 cycles of CCHi treatment, patients reported changes in penile curvature as âWorseâ (0), âNo Changeâ (2), âLittle decreaseâ (10), Decrease (10) and âSignificant decreaseâ (4). After completion of CCHi treatment, 82% of patients still reported that vaginal intercourse was difficult or impossible. Patients with Peyronieâs Disease undergoing CCHi treatment reported statistically significant decreases in PDQ bother domain scores. However, most patients still report difficulty with intercourse after treatment.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/163382/2/and13733_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/163382/1/and13733.pd
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