CONTENT OF ALUMINIUM, SILICOM AND TITANIUM IN FEED MATERIALS OF NORTH-EASTERN SLOVENIA

U članku govorimo o učestalosti mikroelemenata, posebice elemenata u tragovima koji iz tla na različite na_ine prelaze u krmno bilje. Cilj ovog pokusa je bio izmjeriti sadržaj aluminija (Al), silicija (Si) i titana (Ti) u krmi proizvedenoj na području sjeveroistočne Slovenije. Analizirali smo osam krmiva: kompletnu smjesu za muzne krave K-18, sijeno (talijanski ljulj, bijela i crvena djetelina), kukuruzno krmno brašno, silažu kukuruza, pšenične posije, sojinu sačmu (44% sirovih bjelančevina) i suhe repine rezance. Upotrijebili smo rendgensku fluorescentnu spektrometriju. Prosječne vrijednosti u svim krmivima za Al su bile 3,05×10-3 g/g ST, Si 6,06×10-3 g/g ST i Ti 5,22×10-5 g/g ST. Raspon između najmanje i najveće vrijednosti za pojedine mikroelemente u svim krmivima je bio za Si 2,27×10-2, Al 7,93×10-3 i za Ti 2,07×10-4. Ovo temeljno istraživanje odabranih uzoraka je važno za buduća istraživanja hranidbenih učinaka mikroelemenata (Al, Si, Ti) u životinja.The paper deals with the frequency of microelements and especially trace elements which appear in the soil and then in different ways migrate into forage plants. The aim of our experiment was to estimate the aluminium (Al), silicon (Si) and titanium (Ti) content in feedstuffs produced in northeastern (NE) part of Slovenia. We analyzed eight feedstuffs using X-ray fluoroscence spectrometry (K-18 compound feedstuff, hay which consists of Italian ryegrass, white clover and red clover, corn middlings, maize silage, grass silage, wheat bran, soybean cake 44 % CP, and dry beet pulp) in twenty replicates to ensure enough variability. The mean value of Al was 3.05×10-3 g/g DM, Si 6.06×10-3 g/g DM and Ti 5.22×10-5 g/g DM in all analysed feeds. The range between minimum and maximum value among eight feedstuffs concerning Si 2.27×10-2 then Al 7.93×10-3 and Ti 2.07×10-4. This basic research in the selected samples could be important for further research on the nutritional effects of microelements (Al, Si, Ti) on animals

USPOREDBA DOBROBITI KRAVA MUZARA U VEZANOM I SLOBODNOM UZGOJU

Milk production on Slovenian farms is an important economic activity that underwent essential changes after the introduction of the European Union standards. Sound state of health and welfare of dairy cows remain the essential conditions for the quality of milk and dairy products, as well as important public health aspects. This paper presents the currently applicable welfare standards for farm animals, the European priority activities in the field of welfare of farm animals, and the results of inquiry into the state of play in dairy cow housing systems in the narrower north-eastern territory of Slovenia. Ten free housing system dairy farms and ten tether system dairy farms were inspected, compared and assessed according to the Austrian method of the Animal Needs Index (ANI) for cattle. ANI is a relevant criterion for assessing the adequacy of husbandry systems, based on graded point system. The five areas of influence impacting animal welfare were assessed, including: affording movement (‘Locomotion’), affording social interaction (‘Social interaction’), type and condition of flooring (‘Flooring’), light and air conditions (‘Light and Air’), including ventilation and noise level, and quality of care for the animals (‘Stockmanship’). Adequacy of housing conditions was evaluated and compared between the free housing and tether systems for dairy cows. The paper further presents the state of health of animals examined and the scope of diseases detected, including technopathies and injuries, reasons for culling dairy cows and herd structure by the end of 2009, in either of the two husbandry systems. The advantages and disadvantages of the method used for assessing the adequacy of each husbandry system are presented as well.Proizvodnja mlijeka na privatnim farmama goveda u Sloveniji je značajna gospodarska djelatnost, koja je zbog uvođenja evropskih propisa doživjela značajne promijene. Zdravlje i dobrobit krava predstavljaju osnovne uvjete za kakvoću mlijeka i mliječnih proizvoda a uz to su i značajni činjenici zdravlja čovjeka. U radu su predstavljeni aktualni standardi o dobrobiti domaćih životinja, značajne europske aktivnosti na području dobrobiti i rezultati analiziranog stanja na užem području sjeverno-istočne Slovenije. Praćeno je i analizirano 10 privatnih farmi sa slobodnim uzgojem krava muzara i 10 s uzgojem na vezu. Ocijenjena je kvaliteta uzgoja prema austrijskoj metodi ANI, koja predstavlja mjerilo za ocjenu primjerenosti uzgoja na temelju sustava bodova. Ocijenjeno je svih pet utjecajnih područja značajnih za dobrobit životinja i to: sloboda kretanja, socijalni kontakti, stanje podova, osvjetljenje, ventilacija, buka te kvaliteta skrbi za životinje. Ocijenjena je adekvatnost uzgoja i napravljena usporedba između slobodnog i vezanog načina uzgoja. Analizirano je zdravstveno stanje pregledanih životinja i predstavljen opseg bolesti, tehnopatija i ozljeda, uzroci za izlučivanje krava muzara i sastav stada na istraživanim farmama krajem 2009 godine. Predstavljene su prednosti i nedostaci metode za ocjenjivanje kvalitete uzgoja životinja

DJELOVANJE ACIDIFIKANATA U HRANI NA RAST SVINJA U PREDTOVU

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of two different acidificants on the growth pattern of piglets during the period from weaning until the attainment of 30 kg body weight. A total of 336 pigs were included in the study, divided in two equal groups (Fra Acid, n=168; Acidad Dry®, n=168). On the basis of weaning weight, piglets were divided into “light” (L = 6 kg) and “heavy” (H = 8 kg) groups. Two acidificants, which varied in organic acid content, were used in the piglet diets. Feed was supplemented with Fra Acid at a concentration of 0.65, 0.60 and 0.40 %. The second supplement, Acidad Dry®, was added at concentrations of 0.35, 0.30 and 0.20 %. Piglets were individually weighed at weaning, on the 23rd day of age and again each time the feed was changed (at days 35, 49 and 82 of age). The experimental groups did not differ significantly in body mass during the experimental period. Piglets with Acidad Dry® achieved higher daily gains than piglets fed with Fra Acid, but again, the relationship was not statistically significant. “Heavy” piglets in the Acidad Dry® supplemented treatment had significantly higher daily gains in the period from 49 to 82 days of age in comparison to those in the Fra Acid treatment (567 ± 80g; 507 ± 140 g, p=0.044).Cilj rada bio je odrediti djelovanje dvaju različitih acidifikanata na rast praščića u razdoblju od odbica do postizanja tjelesne mase od 30 kg. U istraživanje je bilo uključeno 336 svinja podijeljenih u dvije jednake skupine (Fra Acid, n = 168, Acidad Dry K n = 163). Na temelju tjelesne mase pri odbiću praščići su podijeljeni u "laku" (L = 6 kg) i "tešku" (H = 8 kg) skupinu. U obrocima praščića upotrijebljena su dva acidifikanta različitog sadržaja organske kiseline. U hranu je dodavan Fra Acid u koncentraciji od 0,65, 0,60 i 0,40%. Drugi dodatak, Acidad Dry K, dodavan je u koncentracijama od 0,35, 0,30 i 0,20%. Praščići su pojedinačno vagani pri odbiću, zatim 23. dana starosti i opet svaki puta kad je promijenjena hrana (35., 49. i 82. dan starosti). Pokusne skupine nisu se značajno razlikovale u tjelesnoj masi za vrijeme pokusa. Praščići s Acidad Dry K postigli su veće dnevne priraste od praščića hranjenih s Fra Acidom, ali povezanost nije bila statistički značajna. "Teški" praščići u tretmanu s Acidad Dry K imali su značajno više dnevne priraste u razdoblju od 49. do 82. dana starosti u odnosu na one u Fra Acid tretmanu (567± 80 g, 507± 140 g, p = 0.04)

DJELOVANJE ACIDIFIKANATA U HRANI NA RAST SVINJA U PREDTOVU

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of two different acidificants on the growth pattern of piglets during the period from weaning until the attainment of 30 kg body weight. A total of 336 pigs were included in the study, divided in two equal groups (Fra Acid, n=168; Acidad Dry®, n=168). On the basis of weaning weight, piglets were divided into “light” (L = 6 kg) and “heavy” (H = 8 kg) groups. Two acidificants, which varied in organic acid content, were used in the piglet diets. Feed was supplemented with Fra Acid at a concentration of 0.65, 0.60 and 0.40 %. The second supplement, Acidad Dry®, was added at concentrations of 0.35, 0.30 and 0.20 %. Piglets were individually weighed at weaning, on the 23rd day of age and again each time the feed was changed (at days 35, 49 and 82 of age). The experimental groups did not differ significantly in body mass during the experimental period. Piglets with Acidad Dry® achieved higher daily gains than piglets fed with Fra Acid, but again, the relationship was not statistically significant. “Heavy” piglets in the Acidad Dry® supplemented treatment had significantly higher daily gains in the period from 49 to 82 days of age in comparison to those in the Fra Acid treatment (567 ± 80g; 507 ± 140 g, p=0.044).Cilj rada bio je odrediti djelovanje dvaju različitih acidifikanata na rast praščića u razdoblju od odbica do postizanja tjelesne mase od 30 kg. U istraživanje je bilo uključeno 336 svinja podijeljenih u dvije jednake skupine (Fra Acid, n = 168, Acidad Dry K n = 163). Na temelju tjelesne mase pri odbiću praščići su podijeljeni u "laku" (L = 6 kg) i "tešku" (H = 8 kg) skupinu. U obrocima praščića upotrijebljena su dva acidifikanta različitog sadržaja organske kiseline. U hranu je dodavan Fra Acid u koncentraciji od 0,65, 0,60 i 0,40%. Drugi dodatak, Acidad Dry K, dodavan je u koncentracijama od 0,35, 0,30 i 0,20%. Praščići su pojedinačno vagani pri odbiću, zatim 23. dana starosti i opet svaki puta kad je promijenjena hrana (35., 49. i 82. dan starosti). Pokusne skupine nisu se značajno razlikovale u tjelesnoj masi za vrijeme pokusa. Praščići s Acidad Dry K postigli su veće dnevne priraste od praščića hranjenih s Fra Acidom, ali povezanost nije bila statistički značajna. "Teški" praščići u tretmanu s Acidad Dry K imali su značajno više dnevne priraste u razdoblju od 49. do 82. dana starosti u odnosu na one u Fra Acid tretmanu (567± 80 g, 507± 140 g, p = 0.04)

Effect of Linseed Supplementation on Carcass, Meat Quality and Fatty Acid Composition in Pigs

The effect of linseed supplementation on carcass, meat quality and fatty acid profile of fat tissue was studied. No differences in carcass and meat quality traits were observed, the exception being drip loss that was lower in pigs supplemented with linseed. As regards fatty acids, linseed supplementation led to the increased content of unsaturated, polyunsaturated and n-3 fatty acids and decreased content of saturated fatty acids and n-6/n-3 ratio in the subcutaneous and intramuscular fat of pigs