Simplified mathematical modeling of the distribution process of licuroside and glycyram between the extractant and Glycyrrhizae radices

Theoretical development of the extraction process is an important task for further modeling and calculation of optimal conditions for extraction of biologically active compounds from the plant raw material. The aim of the study was to propose and test a theoretical model to describe the process of Licuroside and Glycyram distribution between the solid phase of Glycyrrhiza radices and the extractant. For studies, we used Glycyrrhiza radices (Liquorice roots). For extraction, we used plant raw material with particle size of 0.1-0.5 mm, and ethanol-water solution 70 % v/v was used as an extractan

Cellulose Acetate Sulfate as a Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Polyelectrolyte: Synthesis, Properties, and Application

The optimal conditions of cellulose acetate sulfate (CAS) homogeneous synthesis with the yield of 94–98 wt.% have been determined. CAS was confirmed to have an even distribution of functional groups along the polymer chain. The polymer was characterized by an exceptionally high water solubility (up to 70 wt.%). The isothermal diagrams of its solubility in water-alcohol media have been obtained. CAS aqueous solutions stability, electrolytic, thermal, and viscous properties have been defined. The main hydrodynamic characteristics such as intrinsic viscosity, Huggins constant, and crossover concentration have been evaluated. The parameters of polymer chain thermodynamic rigidity have been calculated. The formation of liquid crystalline structures in concentrated CAS solutions has been confirmed. CAS was recommended to be used as a binder for the medicinal forms of activated carbon and carbon sorbent for water treatment, hydrophilic ointment foundation

Observations of high-velocity SAPS-like flows with the King Salmon SuperDARN radar

In this study, a focused investigation of the potential for the King Salmon (KS) SuperDARN HF radar to monitor high-velocity flows near the equatorial edge of the auroral oval is undertaken. Events are presented with line-of-sight velocities as high as 2km/s, observed roughly along the L-shell. Statistically, the enhanced flows are shown to be typical for the dusk sector (16:00–23:00 MLT), and the average velocity in this sector is larger (smaller) for winter (summer) conditions. It is also demonstrated that the high-velocity flows can be very dynamical with more localized enhancements existing for just several minutes. These short-lived enhancements occur when the luminosity at the equatorial edge of the auroral oval suddenly decreases during the substorm recovery phase. The short-lived velocity enhancements can be established because of proton and ion injections into the inner magnetosphere and low conductance of the ionosphere and not because of enhanced tail reconnection. This implies that some KS velocity enhancements have the same origin as subauroral polarization streams (SAPS)

First E region observations of mesoscale neutral wind interaction with auroral arcs

We report the first observations of E region neutral wind fields and their interaction with auroral arcs at mesoscale spatial resolution during geomagnetically quiet conditions at Mawson, Antarctica. This was achieved by using a scanning Doppler imager, which can observe thermospheric neutral line-of-sight winds and temperatures simultaneously over a wide field of view. In two cases, the background E region wind field was perpendicular to an auroral arc, which when it appeared caused the wind direction within ∼50 km of the arc to rotate parallel along the arc, reverting to the background flow direction when the arc disappeared. This was observed under both westward and eastward plasma convection. The wind rotations occurred within 7–16 min. In one case, as an auroral arc propagated from the horizon toward the local zenith, the background E region wind field became significantly weaker but remained unaffected where the arc had not passed through. We demonstrate through modeling that these effects cannot be explained by height changes in the emission layer. The most likely explanation seems to be the greatly enhanced ion drag associated with the increased plasma density and localized ionospheric electric field associated with auroral arcs. In all cases, the F region neutral wind appeared less affected by the auroral arc, although its presence is clear in the data

Notes on Stein-Sahi representations and some problems of non L2L^2 harmonic analysis

We discuss one natural class of kernels on pseudo-Riemannian symmetric spaces.Comment: 40p

Получение гидратцеллюлозных волокон из растворов целлюлозы в ортофосфорной кислоте

Novel technology for regenerated cellulose fiber production from cellulose solutions in orthophosphoric acid has been developed. These solutions are found to be suitable for regenerated cellulose fiber spinning with the following physical and mechanical properties of fibers: strength, 22-30 cN/tex; elongation, 20-10%; elastic modulus, 600-1200 cN/tex. The fibres thus obtained are highly hydrophilic (hygroscopicity is about 10-18%). The samples of nonwoven fabric based on new regenerated cellulose fiber have been made by needlepunching technique. The technology has been scaled up to pilot plant machine with the capacity of 3000 kg per year.Разработана новая бессероуглеродная технология получения гидратцеллюлозных волокон из растворов целлюлозы в ортофосфорной кислоте. Эти растворы оказались пригодными для формования гидратцеллю-лозных волокон с прочностью 22-30 сН/текс, удлинением 20-10%, модулем упругости 600-1200 сН/текс при сохранении высокой степени гидрофильности (гигроскопичность 10-18%). Из нового гидратцеллюлозного волокна изготовлены образцы нетканых материалов иглопробивным способом скрепления. Технология прошла масштабирование до опытно-промышленного производства мощностью 3000 кг волокна в год

Формирование ориентационно-упорядоченных структур в растворах и пленках смесей целлюлозы с хитозаном

Pseudoplastic flow behavior for solutions of cellulose (7%) and its mixture with chitosan (7,7-9,1 %) in aqueous orthophosphoric acid has been established under equilibrium steady shear flow conditions. The appearance of the quasi-Newtonian area from 20 to 40 s-1 has been observed in the curves of viscosity versus shear rate caused by orientational ordering of the macromolecules in the flow. For all the solutions shear induced birefringence has been observed. The films cast from these solutions in salt precipitation bath exhibit the birefringent texture.Для 7 %-ного целлюлозного и 7,7-9,1 %-ных целлюлозно-хитозановых прядильных растворов в водной ортофосфорной кислоте в условиях установившегося сдвигового течения в интервале скоростей сдвига 0,15-100 c-1 установлен псевдопластический характер течения. На кривых зависимости вязкости от скорости сдвигаобнаружено появление квазиньютоновского участка в интервале от 20 до 40 c-1, обусловленное ориентационным упорядочением макромолекул в потоке. Для всех исследованных растворов обнаружено индуцированное сдвигом двулучепреломление, которое сохраняется в пленках, сформованных из водных растворов целлюлозы и ее смесей с хитозаном в ортофосфорной кислоте

Термические свойства композиционных волокон состава целлюлоза-хитозан

Cellulose-chitosan composite fibers were obtained by the method of wet spinning from joint solutions in phosphoric acid. Thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermogravimetry (DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods have been used to evaluate their thermal properties in the range of 20-600 °C in air atmosphere. It was found that the temperature of the maximum decomposition rate of composite fibers lies between the temperatures characteristic of individual components. It is shown that the addition of chitosan to cellulose leads to an increase in the mass of the carbon residue and gives the cellulosic fibers a self-extinguishing property. The observed effect is explained by the uniform distribution of cellulose and chitosan macromolecules and their aggregates separated by interphase layers in each other, in which a net of interpenetrating segments of both polymer macromolecules is represented. This provides the incombustibility for composite fibers with a chitosan content of more than 20 % and maintaining the integrity of the fibers after processing them with a solvent of chitosan-acetic acid.Получены композиционные волокна состава целлюлоза-хитозан по способу мокрого формования из совместных растворов в ортофосфорной кислоте. Методами термогравиметрии (ТГ), дифференциальной термогравиметрии (ДТГ) и дифференциальной сканирующей калориметрии (ДСК) проведена оценка их термических свойств в интервале 20-600 оС в атмосфере воздуха. Установлено, что температура максимальной скорости разложения композиционных волокон лежит между температурами, характерными для индивидуальных компонентов. Показано, что добавление к целлюлозе хитозана приводит к росту массы карбонизованного остатка и придает целлюлозным волокнам свойство самозатухаемости. Дано объяснение наблюдаемому эффекту, обусловленному достижением равномерного распределения друг в друге макромолекул целлюлозы и хитозана и их агрегатов, разделенных межфазными слоями, в которых реализована сетка зацеплений взаимопроникающих сегментов макромолекул обоих полимеров, что обеспечивает появление у композиционных волокон негорючести при содержании хитозана более 20 % и сохранение целостности волокон после их обработки растворителем хитозана - уксусной кислотой

Parental Genome Dosage Imbalance Deregulates Imprinting in Arabidopsis

In mammals and in plants, parental genome dosage imbalance deregulates embryo growth and might be involved in reproductive isolation between emerging new species. Increased dosage of maternal genomes represses growth while an increased dosage of paternal genomes has the opposite effect. These observations led to the discovery of imprinted genes, which are expressed by a single parental allele. It was further proposed in the frame of the parental conflict theory that parental genome imbalances are directly mirrored by antagonistic regulations of imprinted genes encoding maternal growth inhibitors and paternal growth enhancers. However these hypotheses were never tested directly. Here, we investigated the effect of parental genome imbalance on the expression of Arabidopsis imprinted genes FERTILIZATION INDEPENDENT SEED2 (FIS2) and FLOWERING WAGENINGEN (FWA) controlled by DNA methylation, and MEDEA (MEA) and PHERES1 (PHE1) controlled by histone methylation. Genome dosage imbalance deregulated the expression of FIS2 and PHE1 in an antagonistic manner. In addition increased dosage of inactive alleles caused a loss of imprinting of FIS2 and MEA. Although FIS2 controls histone methylation, which represses MEA and PHE1 expression, the changes of PHE1 and MEA expression could not be fully accounted for by the corresponding fluctuations of FIS2 expression. Our results show that parental genome dosage imbalance deregulates imprinting using mechanisms, which are independent from known regulators of imprinting. The complexity of the network of regulations between expressed and silenced alleles of imprinted genes activated in response to parental dosage imbalance does not support simple models derived from the parental conflict hypothesis

Combined Transfer of Human VEGF165 and HGF Genes Renders Potent Angiogenic Effect in Ischemic Skeletal Muscle

Increased interest in development of combined gene therapy emerges from results of recent clinical trials that indicate good safety yet unexpected low efficacy of “single-gene” administration. Multiple studies showed that vascular endothelial growth factor 165 aminoacid form (VEGF165) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) can be used for induction of angiogenesis in ischemic myocardium and skeletal muscle. Gene transfer system composed of a novel cytomegalovirus-based (CMV) plasmid vector and codon-optimized human VEGF165 and HGF genes combined with intramuscular low-voltage electroporation was developed and tested in vitro and in vivo. Studies in HEK293T cell culture, murine skeletal muscle explants and ELISA of tissue homogenates showed efficacy of constructed plasmids. Functional activity of angiogenic proteins secreted by HEK293T after transfection by induction of tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) culture. HUVEC cells were used for in vitro experiments to assay the putative signaling pathways to be responsible for combined administration effect one of which could be the ERK1/2 pathway. In vivo tests of VEGF165 and HGF genes co-transfer were conceived in mouse model of hind limb ischemia. Intramuscular administration of plasmid encoding either VEGF165 or HGF gene resulted in increased perfusion compared to empty vector administration. Mice injected with a mixture of two plasmids (VEGF165+HGF) showed significant increase in perfusion compared to single plasmid injection. These findings were supported by increased CD31+ capillary and SMA+ vessel density in animals that received combined VEGF165 and HGF gene therapy compared to single gene therapy. Results of the study suggest that co-transfer of VEGF and HGF genes renders a robust angiogenic effect in ischemic skeletal muscle and may present interest as a potential therapeutic combination for treatment of ischemic disorders