Day in the Life 餐飲人生

Freddy Cheung 張成發 Graduate of the Vocational Training Council with a Certificate in Food & Beverage Service, and Food & Beverage Manager of Kowloon Shangri-La, Hong Kong 畢業於職業訓練局餐飲營運證書課程，現為九龍香格里拉大酒店的餐飲經

Day in the Life 餐飲人生

Angela Ling 凌頴芬 Graduate of ICI\u27s Bakery Course and Pastry Chef at Supreme-Pacific Confectionery Limited 國際廚藝學院西式包餅課程畢業生，現為卓越太平洋糖果有限公司的餅

Day in the Life 餐飲人生

Kwok Kin Bong 郭健邦 Graduate of the International Culinary Institute and founder of ATUM Desserant, ATUM Restaurant, Champak Restaurant by ATUM and Suppa hot pot restaurant 國際廚藝學院畢業生，ATUM Desserant、ATUM Restaurant、青花和「十下」火鍋餐廳創辦

Vanessa Im 嚴慧敏

Founder and Administration Manager of T. Confection; Graduate of Certificate in Bakery and Pastry (Western) Course in 2005; Certified Pastry Cook by ICI & Handwerkskammer (the Chamber of Skilled Crafts) Koblenz of Germany in 2016 甜品店T. Confection創辦人兼行政經理，2005年西式包餅文憑畢業生，2016年國際廚藝學院及德國科布倫茨工藝商會認可餅

Paul Wong 黃亞保

Director and Executive Chef of Cloudland Chinese Cuisine, Graduate of Master Chef Course in Chinese Cuisine, Chinese Culinary Institute (CCI) 雲來軒董事兼行政總廚，中華廚藝學院大師級中廚師課程畢業

Magic ingredient 魔法食材

Truffle king Umberto Bombana dishes up Confit of Taiyouren organic egg 以白松露提升慢煮有機雞蛋的香

Comparative Legal Review: Reassessing the Social Contract in Europe and the United States for Patenting Human Genetic Materials

PhDIn 2013, the US Supreme Court declared isolated gene sequences as ‘products of nature’ and hence, unpatentable subject matter. Paradoxically, the European Patent Office (EPO), relying on the EU Biotech Directive 98/44/EC, does not perceive a problem with patents on isolated human genetic sequences. However, the EPO excludes human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) from being patentable subject matter on the grounds of morality and ordre public. The controversy arises from an understanding that gene patents create a de facto tragedy of the anti-commons. This, in turn, is based on a wider belief that the current statutory regime governing the patent protection of human genetic materials creates expansive property rights, without a proper consideration of the public interest. This thesis tests this proposition by examining and revealing the contextual genesis of these bifurcated reactions by the United States and European jurists. First, it reframes the historical evolution of patented inventions within the biotechnology sector. By adopting the concept of patents as a social contract between the inventor and society, the research reasserts the fundamental aspects of patent law. Second, the subsequent chapters employ this primary premise in order to map out the theoretical arguments for propertizing genetic materials. Finally, the thesis investigates the possibility of policy guidelines by gathering an empirical dataset through questionnaires and interviews directed at key stakeholders. This work maintains that the current statutory regimes in Europe and the US governing the patent protection of human genetic materials can create acceptable property rights. But this is only possible if the regime adopts a purpose-bound approach for human genetic materials. Such an enhanced status quo approach, as adopted in some European jurisdictions, would entail the consideration of public interest values, as articulated through the empirical research, and which has been set out as a draft manifesto.Centre for Commercial Law Studies at Queen Mary, University of London: Queen Mary Studentship

Histological subtype of lung cancer in relation to socio-economic deprivation in South East England.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have found differences in the histological subtypes of lung cancers affecting males and females. Our objective was to investigate trends in the incidence of histological subtypes of lung cancer in males and females in relation to socio-economic deprivation in South East England. METHODS: Data on 48,031 males and 30,454 females diagnosed with lung cancer between 1995 and 2004 were extracted from the Thames Cancer Registry database. Age-standardised incidence rates for histological subtypes were calculated for each year, using the European standard population. Using the Income Domain of the Multiple Index of Deprivation 2004, patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2004 were classified into quintiles of socio-economic deprivation based on their postcode of residence. Age-standardised rates for each histological subtype were then calculated for each deprivation quintile. A Poisson regression model was fitted to the data for males and females separately to test the hypothesis that the relationship between socio-economic deprivation and adenocarcinoma was less strong than for other subtypes. RESULTS: In males all specific histological subtypes except adenocarcinoma declined in incidence. Squamous cell carcinoma remained the most common specific subtype and large cell carcinoma the least common. In females squamous cell carcinoma was initially most common, but its incidence declined slightly and that for adenocarcinoma increased. In both sexes the overall age-standardised incidence rate of lung cancer increased with increasing deprivation. However, these trends were less strong for adenocarcinoma than for the other subtypes in both males (p < 0.001) and females (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: The temporal trends and distribution of histological subtypes of lung cancer in males and females are similar to that reported from other western populations. In both males and females, adenocarcinoma was less strongly related to deprivation than other subtypes. This may be because its development is less strongly linked to individual smoking history

Variation in incidence of breast, lung and cervical cancer and malignant melanoma of skin by socioeconomic group in England

BACKGROUND: Cancer incidence varies by socioeconomic group and these variations have been linked with environmental and lifestyle factors, differences in access to health care and health seeking behaviour. Socioeconomic variations in cancer incidence by region and age are less clearly understood but they are crucial for targeting prevention measures and health care commissioning. METHODS: Data were obtained from all eight English cancer registries for patients diagnosed between 1998 and 2003, for all invasive cases of female breast cancer (ICD-10 code C50), lung cancer (ICD-10 codes C33-C34), cervical cancer (ICD-10 code C53), and malignant melanoma of the skin (ICD-10 code C43). Socioeconomic status was assigned to each patient based on their postcode of residence at diagnosis, using the income domain of the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2004. We analysed the socioeconomic variations in the incidence of breast, lung and cervical cancer and malignant melanoma of the skin for England, and regionally and by age. RESULTS: Incidence was highest for the most deprived patients for lung cancer and cervical cancer, whilst the opposite was observed for malignant melanoma and breast cancer. The difference in incidence between the most and the least deprived groups was higher for lung cancer patients aged under 65 at diagnosis than those over 65 at diagnosis, which may indicate a cohort effect. There were regional differences in the socioeconomic gradients with the gap being widest for lung and cervical cancer in the North (North East, North West and Yorkshire and Humberside) and for malignant melanoma in the East and South West. There were only modest variations in breast cancer incidence by region. If the incidence of lung and cervical cancer were decreased to that of the least deprived group it would prevent 36% of lung cancer cases in men, 38% of lung cancer cases in women and 28% of cervical cancer cases. Incidence of breast cancer and melanoma was highest in the least deprived group, therefore if all socioeconomic groups had incidence rates similar to the least deprived group it is estimated that the number of cases would increase by 7% for breast cancer, 27% for melanoma in men and 29% for melanoma in women. CONCLUSION: National comparison of socioeconomic variations in cancer incidence by region and age can provide an unbiased basis for public health prevention and health commissioning. Decreasing inequalities in incidence requires the integration of information on risk factors, incidence and projected incidence but targeted public health interventions could help to reduce regional inequalities in incidence and reduce the future cancer burden

Inequalities in the incidence of cervical cancer in South East England 2001–2005: an investigation of population risk factors

BACKGROUND: The incidence of cervical cancer varies dramatically, both globally and within individual countries. The age-standardised incidence of cervical cancer was compared across primary care trusts (PCTs) in South East England, taking into account the prevalence of known behavioural risk factors, screening coverage and the deprivation of the area. METHODS: Data on 2,231 cases diagnosed between 2001 and 2005 were extracted from the Thames Cancer Registry, and data on risk factors and screening coverage were collated from publicly available sources. Age-standardised incidence rates were calculated for each PCT using cases of squamous cell carcinoma in the screening age group (25-64 years). RESULTS: The age-standardised incidence rate for cervical cancer in South East England was 6.7 per 100,000 population (European standard) but varied 3.1 fold between individual PCTs. Correlations between the age-standardised incidence rate and smoking prevalence, teenage conception rates, and deprivation were highly significant at the PCT level (p < 0.001). However, screening coverage was not associated with the incidence of cervical cancer at the PCT level. Poisson regression indicated that these variables were all highly correlated and could not determine the level of independent contribution at a population level. CONCLUSION: There is excess disease burden within South East England. Significant public health gains can be made by reducing exposure to known risk factors at a population level