Cardiogenesis changes after the plumbic acetate impact in rats under the correction conditions in the experiment

The purpose of the study was to determine the morphogenetic patterns of forming the effects of isolated plumbic acetate impact and the combined action of plumbic acetate with metal citrates on the development of the rat embryo’s heart in the experiment. With isolated plumbic acetate administering to pregnant females in a dose of 0.05 mg/kg, the thickness reduction of the compact myocardium, walls of the right and the left ventricles in the embryo’s heart occurs. The most sensitive to the plumbic acetate impact is the heart right ventricle wall, where not only the compact myocardium thinning, but also the increased number and diameter of the functioning vessels are observed. The combined administration of plumbic acetate with the gold citrate solution (or iron citrate/silver citrate) prevents the negative effect of plumbic acetate on the overall course of cardiogenesis in rat embryos under the experimental conditions and indicates their bioanagonism. Метою дослідження було визначення морфогенетичних закономірностей формування ефектів ізольованого впливу ацетату свинцю та комбінованої дії ацетату свинцю з цитратами металів на розвиток серця зародків щурів в експерименті. При ізольованому введенні вагітним самицям ацетату свинцю в дозі 0,05мг/кг відбувається зменшення товщини компактного міокарду стінки правого та лівого шлуночків серця ембріонів. Найбільш чутливою до дії ацетату свинцю виявляється стінка правого шлуночку серця, де спостерігається не тільки витончення компактного міокарду, а й збільшення кількості та діаметру функціонуючих судин. Комбіноване введення ацетату свинцю з розчином цитрату золота (або цитрату заліза/цитрату срібла) попереджує негативний вплив ацетату свинцю на загальний хід кардіогенезу ембріонів щурів в експериментальних умовах та свідчить про їх біоантагонізм

Cardiogenesis changes after the plumbic acetate impact in rats under the correction conditions in the experiment

The purpose of the study was to determine the morphogenetic patterns of forming the effects of isolated plumbic acetate impact and the combined action of plumbic acetate with metal citrates on the development of the rat embryo’s heart in the experiment. With isolated plumbic acetate administering to pregnant females in a dose of 0.05 mg/kg, the thickness reduction of the compact myocardium, walls of the right and the left ventricles in the embryo’s heart occurs. The most sensitive to the plumbic acetate impact is the heart right ventricle wall, where not only the compact myocardium thinning, but also the increased number and diameter of the functioning vessels are observed. The combined administration of plumbic acetate with the gold citrate solution (or iron citrate/silver citrate) prevents the negative effect of plumbic acetate on the overall course of cardiogenesis in rat embryos under the experimental conditions and indicates their bioanagonism. Метою дослідження було визначення морфогенетичних закономірностей формування ефектів ізольованого впливу ацетату свинцю та комбінованої дії ацетату свинцю з цитратами металів на розвиток серця зародків щурів в експерименті. При ізольованому введенні вагітним самицям ацетату свинцю в дозі 0,05мг/кг відбувається зменшення товщини компактного міокарду стінки правого та лівого шлуночків серця ембріонів. Найбільш чутливою до дії ацетату свинцю виявляється стінка правого шлуночку серця, де спостерігається не тільки витончення компактного міокарду, а й збільшення кількості та діаметру функціонуючих судин. Комбіноване введення ацетату свинцю з розчином цитрату золота (або цитрату заліза/цитрату срібла) попереджує негативний вплив ацетату свинцю на загальний хід кардіогенезу ембріонів щурів в експериментальних умовах та свідчить про їх біоантагонізм

Fatigue Crack Growth Mechanisms At the Microstructure Scale in Al-Si-Mg Cast Alloys: Mechanisms in Regions II and III

The fatigue crack growth behavior in Regions 11 and III of crack growth was investigated for hypoeutectic and eutectic Al-Si-Mg cast alloys. To isolate and establish the mechanistic contributions of characteristic microstructural features (dendritic α-Al matrix, eutectic phases, Mg-Si strengthening precipitates), alloys with various Si content/morphology, grain size level, and matrix strength were studied; the effect of secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) was also assessed. In Regions 11 and III of crack growth, the observed changes in the fracture surface appearance were associated with changes in crack growth mechanisms at the microstructural scale (from a linear advance predominantly through primary α-Al to a tortuous advance exclusively through AI-Si eutectic Regions). The extent of the plastic zone ahead of the crack tip was successfully used to explain the changes in growth mechanisms. The fatigue crack growth tests were conducted on compact tension specimens under constant stress ratio, R = 0.1, in ambient conditions

A novel formulation of inhaled sodium cromoglicate (PA101) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and chronic cough: a randomised, double-blind, proof-of-concept, phase 2 trial

Background Cough can be a debilitating symptom of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and is difficult to treat. PA101 is a novel formulation of sodium cromoglicate delivered via a high-efficiency eFlow nebuliser that achieves significantly higher drug deposition in the lung compared with the existing formulations. We aimed to test the efficacy and safety of inhaled PA101 in patients with IPF and chronic cough and, to explore the antitussive mechanism of PA101, patients with chronic idiopathic cough (CIC) were also studied. Methods This pilot, proof-of-concept study consisted of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with IPF and chronic cough and a parallel study of similar design in patients with CIC. Participants with IPF and chronic cough recruited from seven centres in the UK and the Netherlands were randomly assigned (1:1, using a computer-generated randomisation schedule) by site staff to receive PA101 (40 mg) or matching placebo three times a day via oral inhalation for 2 weeks, followed by a 2 week washout, and then crossed over to the other arm. Study participants, investigators, study staff, and the sponsor were masked to group assignment until all participants had completed the study. The primary efficacy endpoint was change from baseline in objective daytime cough frequency (from 24 h acoustic recording, Leicester Cough Monitor). The primary efficacy analysis included all participants who received at least one dose of study drug and had at least one post-baseline efficacy measurement. Safety analysis included all those who took at least one dose of study drug. In the second cohort, participants with CIC were randomly assigned in a study across four centres with similar design and endpoints. The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02412020) and the EU Clinical Trials Register (EudraCT Number 2014-004025-40) and both cohorts are closed to new participants. Findings Between Feb 13, 2015, and Feb 2, 2016, 24 participants with IPF were randomly assigned to treatment groups. 28 participants with CIC were enrolled during the same period and 27 received study treatment. In patients with IPF, PA101 reduced daytime cough frequency by 31·1% at day 14 compared with placebo; daytime cough frequency decreased from a mean 55 (SD 55) coughs per h at baseline to 39 (29) coughs per h at day 14 following treatment with PA101, versus 51 (37) coughs per h at baseline to 52 (40) cough per h following placebo treatment (ratio of least-squares [LS] means 0·67, 95% CI 0·48–0·94, p=0·0241). By contrast, no treatment benefit for PA101 was observed in the CIC cohort; mean reduction of daytime cough frequency at day 14 for PA101 adjusted for placebo was 6·2% (ratio of LS means 1·27, 0·78–2·06, p=0·31). PA101 was well tolerated in both cohorts. The incidence of adverse events was similar between PA101 and placebo treatments, most adverse events were mild in severity, and no severe adverse events or serious adverse events were reported. Interpretation This study suggests that the mechanism of cough in IPF might be disease specific. Inhaled PA101 could be a treatment option for chronic cough in patients with IPF and warrants further investigation

Measurement of the azimuthal anisotropy of Y(1S) and Y(2S) mesons in PbPb collisions at √S^{S}NN = 5.02 TeV

The second-order Fourier coefficients (υ$_{2}$) characterizing the azimuthal distributions of Υ(1S) and Υ(2S) mesons produced in PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV are studied. The Υmesons are reconstructed in their dimuon decay channel, as measured by the CMS detector. The collected data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.7 nb$^{-1}$. The scalar product method is used to extract the υ$_{2}$ coefficients of the azimuthal distributions. Results are reported for the rapidity range |y| < 2.4, in the transverse momentum interval 0 < p$_{T}$ < 50 GeV/c, and in three centrality ranges of 10–30%, 30–50% and 50–90%. In contrast to the J/ψ mesons, the measured υ$_{2}$ values for the Υ mesons are found to be consistent with zero

Measurement of prompt D0^{0} and D‾\overline{D}0^{0} meson azimuthal anisotropy and search for strong electric fields in PbPb collisions at root SNN\sqrt{S_{NN}} = 5.02 TeV

The strong Coulomb field created in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions is expected to produce a rapiditydependent difference (Av2) in the second Fourier coefficient of the azimuthal distribution (elliptic flow, v2) between D0 (uc) and D0 (uc) mesons. Motivated by the search for evidence of this field, the CMS detector at the LHC is used to perform the first measurement of Av2. The rapidity-averaged value is found to be (Av2) = 0.001 ? 0.001 (stat)? 0.003 (syst) in PbPb collisions at ?sNN = 5.02 TeV. In addition, the influence of the collision geometry is explored by measuring the D0 and D0mesons v2 and triangular flow coefficient (v3) as functions of rapidity, transverse momentum (pT), and event centrality (a measure of the overlap of the two Pb nuclei). A clear centrality dependence of prompt D0 meson v2 values is observed, while the v3 is largely independent of centrality. These trends are consistent with expectations of flow driven by the initial-state geometry. ? 2021 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY licens

Performance of reconstruction and identification of τ leptons decaying to hadrons and vτ in pp collisions at √s=13 TeV

The algorithm developed by the CMS Collaboration to reconstruct and identify τ leptons produced in proton-proton collisions at √s=7 and 8 TeV, via their decays to hadrons and a neutrino, has been significantly improved. The changes include a revised reconstruction of π⁰ candidates, and improvements in multivariate discriminants to separate τ leptons from jets and electrons. The algorithm is extended to reconstruct τ leptons in highly Lorentz-boosted pair production, and in the high-level trigger. The performance of the algorithm is studied using proton-proton collisions recorded during 2016 at √s=13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb¯¹. The performance is evaluated in terms of the efficiency for a genuine τ lepton to pass the identification criteria and of the probabilities for jets, electrons, and muons to be misidentified as τ leptons. The results are found to be very close to those expected from Monte Carlo simulation

Performance of the CMS Level-1 trigger in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV

At the start of Run 2 in 2015, the LHC delivered proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13\TeV. During Run 2 (years 2015–2018) the LHC eventually reached a luminosity of 2.1× 10$^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$, almost three times that reached during Run 1 (2009–2013) and a factor of two larger than the LHC design value, leading to events with up to a mean of about 50 simultaneous inelastic proton-proton collisions per bunch crossing (pileup). The CMS Level-1 trigger was upgraded prior to 2016 to improve the selection of physics events in the challenging conditions posed by the second run of the LHC. This paper describes the performance of the CMS Level-1 trigger upgrade during the data taking period of 2016–2018. The upgraded trigger implements pattern recognition and boosted decision tree regression techniques for muon reconstruction, includes pileup subtraction for jets and energy sums, and incorporates pileup-dependent isolation requirements for electrons and tau leptons. In addition, the new trigger calculates high-level quantities such as the invariant mass of pairs of reconstructed particles. The upgrade reduces the trigger rate from background processes and improves the trigger efficiency for a wide variety of physics signals