The concentration data of fluoride and health risk assessment in drinking water in the Ardakan city of Yazd province, Iran

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) reports, Iran is located in the global fluoride belts, so that is why carrying out extended research on this contaminant anion in water supplies must be considered. Due to the various industries in the Ardakan city, this region is severely suffering from fluoride contamination. This study was designed to investigate the fluoride concentration and its distribution pattern as well as related health risk assessment in groundwater resources of 28 villages of the Ardakan city in Yazd province using SPADNS method according to standard instructions. Our results show that, the average concentration of fluoride was 2.92 mg/l (range: 0.9–6 mg/l), also in half of the villages, the concentration range of this element was over than standard level (1.5 mg/l) given by WHO rules. In addition, risk assessment results showed that HQ value is higher than 1 in 46.4% of samples of groundwater resources in age groups of infants, children, teenagers and adults. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to reduce fluoride concentration in drinking water in order to control resultant fluorosis. Actions should be implemented to enhance monitoring of fluoride levels to avoid the potential risk of high Fluoride concentration. Keywords: Fluoride, Groundwater, Health risk, Ardakan, Ira

Data on fluoride concentration levels in cold and warm season in City area of Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Iran

The need for fluoride in drinking water to the extent that reduces the amount of tooth decay and the other hand does not cause dental fluorosis, has been well documented as an important fact. The aim of this research is to survey values of fluoride in drinking water in Sistan and Baluchestan. In this descriptive and analytical study, the number of 551 samples during 4 seasons of 2013 year from rural drinking water sources via rural water and Wastewater Company has been taken. The concentration of fluoride in water samples was measured using SPADNS method. Results shows that the average concentration of fluoride in drinking water supplies for the rural region of Khash, Sarbaz, Iranshahr, Saravan, Nickshahr city are 0.72 (±0.31), 0.55(±0.21), 0.33 (±0.127), 0.6 (±0.24), 0.435 (±0.23) respectively. Keywords: Drinking water, Fluoride, Sistan and Baluchestan, Ira

Neuro-fuzzy inference system Prediction of stability indices and Sodium absorption ratio in Lordegan rural drinking water resources in west Iran

According to World Health Organization guidelines, corrosion control is an important aspect of safe drinking-water supplies. Water always includes ingredients, dissolved gases and suspended materials. Although some of these water ingredients is indispensable for human beings, these elements more than permissible limits, could be endanger human health. The aim of this study is to assess physical and chemical parameters of drinking water in the rural areas of Lordegan city, also to determine corrosion indices. This cross-sectional study has carried out with 141 taken samples during 2017 with 13 parameters, which has been analyzed based on standard method and to estimate the water quality indices from groundwater using ANFIS. Also with regard to standard conditions, results of this paper are compared with Environmental Protection Agency and Iran national standards. Five indices, Ryznar Stability Index (RSI), Langlier Saturation Index (LSI), Larson-Skold Index (LS), Puckorius Scaling Index (PSI), and Aggressive Index (AI) programmed by using Microsoft Excel software. Owing to its simplicity, the program, can easily be used by researchers and operators. Parameters included Sulfate, Sodium, Chloride, and Electrical Conductivity respectively were 13.5, 28, 10.5, and 15% more than standard level. The amount of Nitrate, in 98% of cases were in permissible limits and about 2% were more than standard level. Result of presented research indicate that water is corrosive at 10.6%,89.4%,87.2%,59.6% and 14.9% of drinking water supply reservoirs, according to LSI, RSI, PSI, LS and AI, respectively. Keywords: Drinking water, Villages of Lordegan city, Stability inde