COMPARISION OF ARTICULATION AMONG CHILDREN USING DIGITAL AND NON DIGITAL HEARING AIDS

Hearing aids have been used successfully and efficiently for many decades for rehabilitation of hearing impaired children. In present era, advancement in technologies has brought varieties hearing aids that enable hearing impaired children to utilize their residual hearing efficiently for speech and language learning. Recently two types of hearing aids are available according to amplification circuitry, i.e. analog and digital. The present study was aimed at comparing articulation of children using digital hearing aids (DHA) with analog, the non-digital hearing aids (AHA) users. A sample of thirty Children with Hearing Impairment, fifteen DHA users and fifteen AHA users, with age range from 8 to 13 years was selected by purposive sampling technique to participate in the study. Picture Articulation Test with the subjective assessment technique was used to assess the articulation of children from speech sample taken in response to picture stimuli. The results showed that both groups of children with DHA and AHA demonstrated the presence of articulation errors. In children using DHA the intelligibility was significantly better than that of AHA users. Significantly children using AHA presented phonetic and phonological errors, but no significant difference found in articulation among male and female children, children with mono aural and binaural hearing aid fittings, and children with different amplification periods. A detailed analysis of articulation with a larger sample of children using both types of hearing aids with more considerations of external and internal variables is recommended in future to further clarify the issu

CLASSROOM SOCIAL BEHAVIOR OF HEARING IMPAIRED CHILDREN

social adaption, long-term relationships, and the development of cognition, emotion and personality in unique and important ways. Children with hearing impairment often have some degree of language and/or speech delay, which is a major factor affecting their social interaction with peers. The present research was aimed at the study of classroom social behavior of hearing impaired children at primary level. The research was descriptive and direct observation method was used to identify the positive and negative social behavior of hearing impaired children exhibited in the classroom and at playground. 50 hearing impaired children including male and female studying in classes I to V of special education centers for children with hearing impairment at Islamabad were selected randomly. A checklist was used to identify the social behavior. The items were developed on the indicators of classroom social behavior of hearing impaired children such as respect of elders, sharing, rebel, aggressive behavior, cooperation, fighting, calm and quiet, follow the instructions, teasing others, and friendly etc.On the basis of research findings it was concluded that most of hearing impaired children respect their elders, remain calm and quite during lesson, do not share their things with other students, do not rebel during lesson. Most of them cooperate with others during group activities, stay away from fighting during group activities, and follow the rules in playing group games. Some of them get angry when other students distract them from their studies, do not tease their friends. The male children immediately become frustrated when they can’t solve a problem and become aggressive (violent) when something goes against their will.It was recommended that creating awareness of classroom social behavior in hearing impaired children can change their behavior positively. Moreover, hearing impaired children should be motivated and encouraged to move in a positive social life

The Effect of Pre-school Education on Language Comprehension of Children at Primary Level

The research was designed to study the effect of pre-school on language comprehension of children at primary level. Preschool education is the education of young children, they got from the age of three years in proper school environment before class I. The research question was, whether preschool education has any contribution in understanding of English language of children, and in future academic progress of children at primary level. The comprehension of language was judged through tests based on English text for classes I to V. The sample of the study comprising 240 students, half preschoolers and half non preschoolers was randomly selected from four schools at Islamabad to whom tests were distributed to be done in a time limit. A statistical application of t test showed a significant difference in the performance of students having preschool education and the students without preschool education. It was concluded that the children who start their schooling at the age of three or more than three years acquired better English language writing skills than those who do not get educational experience in early years of their lives before entering in class I. It was recommended that arrange

Diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic findings in patients with celiac disease

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic findings in patients with celiac disease, keeping histopathology as gold standard at Isra University Hospital Hyderabad. Methodology: This descriptive study was conducted at Gastroenterology department of Isra University Hospital, from June 2017 to December 2017. All the patients with age between 20-50 years as suspected cases of celiac disease and either of gender were included. Patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and if their duodenal folds showed any finding related to celiac disease, and then specimens for biopsies were taken. The entire specimens immediately were sent to the diagnostic laboratory for the histopathology. All the data was recorded in the predesigned Proforma and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Results: Total 112 patients of celiac disease were studied, most of the patients 73.2% were found with age group of 20-30 years. Abdominal distension was most common among 80.4%. Out of all 49.1% patients had disease duration 11-15 weeks. All patients had endoscopic findings suggestive of celiac disease. According to the histological findings regarding celiac disease, 78.6% had positive histological findings and 21.4% had negative histological findings. Diagnostic accuracy endoscopic sensitivity was 100% and specificity was 24%. Negative predictive value was 0% and positive predictive value was 78%. Conclusion: It was concluded that endoscopy showed 100% sensitivity in the diagnosis of celiac disease by taking histopathology as gold standard. It is a reliable safe and less complicated diagnostic tool for celiac diseas

Social Behavior and Students academic Achiement

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Stress level of parents of hearing impaired children

The study attempted to determine the effects upon the family system of having a child diagnosed with deafness or hearing impairment. The specific variables are the rating of father stress, rating of mother stress. If any difference exist between maternal and paternal level of stress variables. The intent of this study is to better define the stress of parents due to disability of their children. The researcher used the translated version of standardized questionnaire on resources and stress short form (QRS-F) was used developed by William friedrich (1989). It constituted of 35 items. The sample consisted of 350 parents comprises(175 fathers and 175 mothers) of hearing impaired children who were studying in 1-5 grade at government special education schools and centers in Gujranwala district. Key words: stress, hearing impaired, deafness, paternal stress, maternal   stres

DESIGNING A MODEL OF VOCATIONAL TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR DISABLES THROUGH ODL

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to designing a model of vocational training programs for disables. For this purpose desk review was carried out and the vocational training models/programs of Israel, U.K., Vietnam, Japan and Thailand were analyzed to form a conceptual frame work of the model. Keeping in view the local conditions/requirements a model of vocational training program was proposed. The proposed model involved the vocational training plan for the job of cashier for mild group, receptionist for moderate and computer operator for severe group. It specified the type of disability as well involved in the training plan. The model recommended the vocational training of three levels of disability; mild, moderate and severe irrespective to the type. The model consisted of details of structure, objectives, professional support involved, vocational training plan and syllabus/activities, evaluation and on job training etc. International practices regarding VT mixed with the national existing situations were critically analyzed during desk review and finally a plan of VT for disables was proposed. A survey was conducted via a questionnaire to get opinion of the heads and senior vocational instructors of Federal Government vocational training and rehabilitation centers for PWDs. The collected data was statistically analyzed to quantify the suggestions on proposed model. The major findings included that all stakeholders considered VT helpful in rehabilitation of PWDs. All heads and vocational instructors are willing to adopt this model, minimum or no extra funds are needed in its implementation, the vocational teacher employed in the centers can easily manage to adopt this model at their centers because no extra training is required for the staff and they all endorse the VT plan proposed in this model. 213 A vocational training model is required to reduce socio-economic gap and to set professional standards by developing human resources trained in trades. The syllabus, activities and methodology proposed for the vocational training of the students at special education centers for the disables was agreed upon by the experts. It was recommended that vocational training model on various jobs for specific disabilities may be developed. Vocational training model for after school youth may also be developed on similar pattern. It was recommended that vocational training must be implemented through ODL for the training of PWDs in acquiring vocational skills if there is no vocational skill training teacher or resources available at the centers. In this way a large number of individuals who are taking education at special education centers and institutions can take benefits from VET programs at a time with minimal cost provided at their door steps or at institutions

Teaching Time Concepts to Children with Intellectual Disability through Computer Game Based Learning

Computer games based learning is considered as most effective teaching techniques now days including for the children with intellectual disability (CWID).  This type of instructional strategy has the potential to address the challenges of learning abstract concepts and their manipulation.  The purpose of the present study was to determine the efficacy of computer game based learning for teaching time concepts to CWID.  Population of the study comprised of CWID studying in the special schools of Lahore city.  Participants included 30 children whose functioning levels ranged from IQ 55 to IQ 60 with mental age of 3 to 5 years.  The chronological age range of these children was between 08 to16 years. An inclusion criterion was devised for the selection of sample of 30 CWID.   The study followed the quasi experimental research design.  30 children were randomly divided into two groups.  Curriculum based test was used as an instrument of the study.  An online computer game of time concept after validation was used for intervention. Total 10 sessions were given to teach the time concept in two weeks.  Results showed that computer games based instruction have contributed to learn time concept in these children. The results of the study recommended the use of the computer game based learning as instructional technique to teach the time concept to CWID.  Limitations of the study and future research implications are discussed

Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks and Internet of Things Frameworks in the Industry Revolution 4.0: A Systematic Literature Review

The 21st century has seen rapid changes in technology, industry, and social patterns. Most industries have moved towards automation, and human intervention has decreased, which has led to a revolution in industries, named the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0). Industry 4.0 or the fourth industrial revolution (IR 4.0) relies heavily on the Internet of Things (IoT) and wireless sensor networks (WSN). IoT and WSN are used in various control systems, including environmental monitoring, home automation, and chemical/biological attack detection. IoT devices and applications are used to process extracted data from WSN devices and transmit them to remote locations. This systematic literature review offers a wide range of information on Industry 4.0, finds research gaps, and recommends future directions. Seven research questions are addressed in this article: (i) What are the contributions of WSN in IR 4.0? (ii) What are the contributions of IoT in IR 4.0? (iii) What are the types of WSN coverage areas for IR 4.0? (iv) What are the major types of network intruders in WSN and IoT systems? (v) What are the prominent network security attacks in WSN and IoT? (vi) What are the significant issues in IoT and WSN frameworks? and (vii) What are the limitations and research gaps in the existing work? This study mainly focuses on research solutions and new techniques to automate Industry 4.0. In this research, we analyzed over 130 articles from 2014 until 2021. This paper covers several aspects of Industry 4.0, from the designing phase to security needs, from the deployment stage to the classification of the network, the difficulties, challenges, and future directions