Disclosure of domestic violence and sexual assault within the context of abortion: meta-ethnographic synthesis of qualitative studies protocol.

BackgroundOne third of women will have an abortion in their lifetime (Kerr, QUT Law Rev 14:15, 2014; Aston and Bewley, Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 11:163-8, 2009). These women are more likely to have experienced domestic violence or sexual assault than women who continue with their pregnancies. Frontline health personnel involved in the care of women seeking abortions are uniquely positioned to support patients who choose to disclose their violence. Yet, the disclosure of domestic violence or sexual assault within the context of abortion is not well understood. To enhance service provision, it is important to understand the disclosure experience, that is, how frontline health personnel manage such disclosures and how victims/survivors perceive this experience. This review aims to provide a systematic synthesis of qualitative literature to increase understanding of the phenomena and identify research gaps.MethodsA meta-ethnography of qualitative evidence following PRISMA-P recommendations for reporting systematic reviews will be performed to better understand the experiences of domestic violence and sexual assault disclosure from the perspective of frontline health personnel providing support and women seeking an abortion. A three-stage search strategy including database searching, citation searching and Traditional Pearl Growing will be applied starting with the terms "domestic violence", "sexual assault", "disclosure" and "abortion", their common synonyms and MeSH terms. The database search will include CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO. Published studies from 1970, written in English and from all countries will be included. Two reviewers will screen titles and abstracts and if suitable will then perform a full-text review. To attribute weight to each study, two reviewers will perform the critical appraisal using a modified version of the "Guidelines for Extracting Data and Quality Assessing Primary Studies in Educational Research". Data extraction and coding will occur using EPPI-Reviewer 4 and will be carried out by two reviewers.DiscussionThe reviewers will illuminate what transpires at the interface when women seeking an abortion in the context of domestic violence and sexual assault meet frontline health personnel. Increased knowledge in this area will improve the frontline health personnel's practices and responsiveness to women who seek out healthcare in the context of violence.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42016051136

Disclosure of domestic violence and sexual assault within the context of abortion: Meta-ethnographic synthesis of qualitative studies protocol

© 2017 The Author(s). Background: One third of women will have an abortion in their lifetime (Kerr, QUT Law Rev 14:15, 2014; Aston and Bewley, Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 11:163-8, 2009). These women are more likely to have experienced domestic violence or sexual assault than women who continue with their pregnancies. Frontline health personnel involved in the care of women seeking abortions are uniquely positioned to support patients who choose to disclose their violence. Yet, the disclosure of domestic violence or sexual assault within the context of abortion is not well understood. To enhance service provision, it is important to understand the disclosure experience, that is, how frontline health personnel manage such disclosures and how victims/survivors perceive this experience. This review aims to provide a systematic synthesis of qualitative literature to increase understanding of the phenomena and identify research gaps. Methods: A meta-ethnography of qualitative evidence following PRISMA-P recommendations for reporting systematic reviews will be performed to better understand the experiences of domestic violence and sexual assault disclosure from the perspective of frontline health personnel providing support and women seeking an abortion. A three-stage search strategy including database searching, citation searching and Traditional Pearl Growing will be applied starting with the terms "domestic violence", "sexual assault", "disclosure" and "abortion", their common synonyms and MeSH terms. The database search will include CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO. Published studies from 1970, written in English and from all countries will be included. Two reviewers will screen titles and abstracts and if suitable will then perform a full-text review. To attribute weight to each study, two reviewers will perform the critical appraisal using a modified version of the "Guidelines for Extracting Data and Quality Assessing Primary Studies in Educational Research". Data extraction and coding will occur using EPPI-Reviewer 4 and will be carried out by two reviewers. Discussion: The reviewers will illuminate what transpires at the interface when women seeking an abortion in the context of domestic violence and sexual assault meet frontline health personnel. Increased knowledge in this area will improve the frontline health personnel's practices and responsiveness to women who seek out healthcare in the context of violence. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42016051136

Context of residential care in the United Kingdom

Residential child care has changed significantly in recent decades. Across the United Kingdom, numerous inquiries and official reports into failings have informed both developments in residential care and public perceptions of the residential task. The scale of investigation is vast and recurrent: in 2002, 32 of the 43 police forces in England and Wales were conducting sex abuse inquiries at care homes and schools (Johnston 2002). As a result, residential child care has been constantly reviewed and various initiatives and structures put in place to ensure high-quality care is delivered for children. While obviously similar, specific incidents or needs have led to some unique developments in each of the four nations in the United Kingdom. This chapter outlines the context of current residential child care practice in each nation

The role of nurses and midwives in the provision of abortion care: A scoping review.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:To define the role and scope of the nurse and midwife within the global context of abortion. BACKGROUND:An estimated 56 million women seek abortions each year; nurses and midwives are commonly involved in their care (Singh et al., 2018, https://www.guttmacher.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/abortion-worldwide-2017.pdf). As new models of abortion care emerge, there is a pressing need to develop a baseline understanding of the role and scope of nurses and midwives who care for women seeking abortions. DESIGN:The review design was Arksey and O'Malley's five-stage methodological framework. The review follows the PRISMA-ScR checklist. METHODS:MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus and ScienceDirect were used to identify original research, commentaries and reports, published between 2008-2019, from which we selected 74 publications reporting on the nursing or midwifery role in abortion care. RESULTS:Nurses and midwives provide abortion care in a variety of practice. Three themes emerged from the literature: the regulated role; providing psychosocial care; and the expanding scope of practice. CONCLUSIONS:The literature on nursing and midwifery practice in abortion care is broad. Abortion-related practices are potentially over-regulated. Appropriately trained nurses and midwives can provide abortions as safely as physicians. The preparation of nurses and midwives to provide abortion care requires further research. Also, healthcare organisations should explore person-centred models of abortion care. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE:Abortion care is a common procedure performed across many healthcare settings. Nurses and midwives provide technical and psychosocial care to women who seek abortions. Governments and regulatory bodies could safely extend their scope of practice to increase women's access to safe abortions. Introduction of education programmes, as well as embedding practice in person-centred models of care, may improve outcomes for women seeking abortions

Using simulation to prepare neophyte nursing students to deliver intimate patient care

Dwyer, TA ORCiD: 0000-0001-8408-7956; Reid-Searl, KA ORCiD: 0000-0001-5808-9296Background: Preparing neophyte nursing students to deal with the intimate aspects of patient care including nudity and body excretions is challenging. Traditional simulation approaches that have been used to teach these skills require examination in the context of considering more realistic ways. Mask-Ed™ is a high fidelity modality of simulation that enables the educator to transform into a patient by donning silicone props such as masks and body torsos inclusive of genitalia. The hidden educator is able to coach and direct the learner throughout the simulation. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify if Mask-Ed™ simulation enhanced students learning in the context of providing intimate patient care when undertaking the skills of showering and toileting. Methods: First year undergraduate nursing students were tasked with showering and toileting a Mask-Ed™ patient in a simulated learning situation within a laboratory context. Following the simulation students were invited to participate in focus groups. Data was recorded, transcribed and analysed using an inductive thematic analysis approach. Findings: From class preparation to debrief, participants experienced a safe journey of discovery enabling them to provide intimate care. The realism of the learning environment combined with the confidence students had in their educator, allowed students to overcome their nervousness and anxiety, discover the vulnerable person at the centre of their care, gain confidence and find comrades. Discussion: Simulations that provide neophyte nursing students with an opportunity to face real to life intimate care experiences should be apparent in all undergraduate nursing programs. Nursing students need not only to be prepared to implement skills around safe practice when showering and toileting patients but they also need to feel safe and confident to practice themselves. Conclusion: Mask-Ed™ is an effective and efficient simulation modality to teach neophyte nursing students about intimate human care. © 2018 Australian College of Nursing Lt

Capacity of innovative nailplated joints subjected to accelerated moisture cycling

Nailplated timber trusses are widely used in residential housing. However, there is limited evidence of use or research on the application of nailplated trusses in exposed environments. It is common knowledge to the nailplated truss industry that weather-exposed trusses experience a phenomenon referred to as “nailplate backout”, where the nailplates separate from the timber surface due to the shrink-swell mechanism of the timber in response to its varying moisture content. This paper investigates the performance of innovative nailplated joints on: (1) stopping moisture-driven backout and (2) increasing the capacity of the joints, when compared to currently used joints, after exposure to severe moisture cycling. Three different experimental sets of joints were manufactured to achieve these outcomes, with Set 1 and Set 2 containing 100 splice and 100 butt joints while Set 3 had 40 splice and 40 butt joints. Sets 1 and 2 have a re-designed tooth profile where: (1) Set 1 combined a polyurethane adhesive with a modified nailplate tooth designed to allow the adhesive to penetrate the timber and (2) Set 2 implemented a hook in the middle of the nailplate teeth to grab the timber when the nailplate tries to separate from the timber, either from moisture induced backout or from loading. Polyurethane adhesive was also used in Set 3 but on an un-modified tooth profile. To evaluate the efficiency of the new nailplates, control joints with unmodified nailplates were manufactured for each set and tested. All joints were subjected to severe accelerated moisture cycles inside an air-driven kiln with the temperature being kept constant 70 °C and the relative humidity varied between 15 and 95%. The cycles consisted of a 7-h wetting and an 18-h drying period. For Sets 1 and 2, the tensile capacity of the joints was measured after 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 moisture cycles, while for Set 3, it was only measured after 0 and 12 cycles. The backout was recorded after each moisture cycle for Sets 1 and 2 and after 12 cycles for Set 3. The average backout of Set 1 and Set 2 control joints after 12 severe cycles was 1.13 mm and 1.01 mm, respectively, while the addition of glue and a hook reduced the backout to 0.56 and 0.92 mm, respectively. In terms of capacity, the adhesive in Set 1 increased the capacity for the splice joints and butt joints by 43% and 13%, respectively. In Set 2, the hook only marginally increased the capacity of the splice joints by 13% and reduced the average butt joint capacity. Observations were made regarding the failure modes of the joints. The addition of the adhesive and hook to the nailplate teeth resulted in more joints failing due to the capacity of the timber rather than due to the nailplate separating from the timber during the tensile testing

Gambling-Related Intimate Partner Violence Against Women: A Grounded Theory Model of Individual and Relationship Determinants

This study aimed to examine how problem gambling interacts with gendered drivers of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women to exacerbate this violence. Interviews were conducted with 48 female victims of IPV linked to a male partner’s gambling; 24 female victims of IPV linked to their own gambling; and 39 service practitioners from 25 services. Given limited research into gambling-related IPV, but a stronger theoretical base relating to IPV against women, this study used an adaptive grounded theory approach. It engaged with existing theories on gendered drivers of violence against women, while also developing a grounded theory model of individual and relationship determinants based on emergent findings from the data. Gambling-related IPV against women was found to occur in the context of expressions of gender inequality, including men’s attitudes and behaviors that support violence and rigid gender expectations, controlling behaviors, and relationships condoning disrespect of women. Within this context, the characteristics of problem gambling and the financial, emotional and relationship stressors gambling causes intensified the IPV. Alcohol and other drug use, and co-morbid mental health issues, also interacted with gambling to intensify the IPV. Major implications. Reducing gambling-related IPV against women requires integrated, multi-level interventions that reduce both problem gambling and gendered drivers of violence. Gambling operators can act to reduce problem gambling and train staff in responding to IPV. Financial institutions can assist people to limit their gambling expenditure and families to protect their assets. Service providers can be alert to the co-occurrence of gambling problems and IPV and screen, treat, and refer clients appropriately. Public education can raise awareness that problem gambling increases the risk of IPV. Reducing gender inequality is also critical. </jats:p

Unintended pregnancy prevention and care education: Are we adequately preparing entry-to-practice nursing and midwifery students?

Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) demands an optimised workforce where nurses and midwives are able to provide the best quality care in accordance with their full scope of practice (World Health Organization 2020; Bender et al. 2016). However, political, legi slat ive , and educational barriers prevent nurses and m id wiv es from working to their full scope in the area of unintended pregnancy prevention and care (UPPC) ( Mainey et al. 2020). One important contributing factor is the inadequate coverage of the subject in nursing and midwifery curricula (Mainey et al. 2020). With un i ntend ed pregnancy and abortion affecting one-quarter of Australian wom en (Taft et al. 2018; Sch ei! et al. 2017), nursing and midwifery educators must seriously consider matching the scope of practice of graduating students to health needs of this population

The birth charter for women in prisons in Australia

Baldwin, AE ORCiD: 0000-0002-6325-4142; Capper, TS ORCiD: 0000-0003-3464-1423; Ferguson, B ORCiD: 0000-0002-7440-3609; Harvey, CL ORCiD: 0000-0001-9016-8840; Mainey, LJ ORCiD: 0000-0003-1438-8061The Australian Birth Charter aims to adapt the guidelines from the original Birth Charter for pregnant women in prisons in England and Wales (developed by Birth Companions UK) to the Australian context. The Australian Birth Charter for pregnant women in prison will provide a set of guidelines for best practice within which care for incarcerated pregnant women should be provided. This Australian Birth Charter sets out our recommendations for improving the care of pregnant women and their babies while they are in prison. At the same time, we (the authors) welcome input from all stakeholders to contribute to the improvement of the experiences of pregnant women and new mothers in prison. For the pregnant women and new mothers who remain in prison, we believe that, as per Birth Companions’ original intent, implementing an Australian Birth Charter is now more critical than ever