Poliquetas intersticiais de praias arenosas do Paraná e Santa Catarina - Brasil /

Orientador : Paulo da Cunha LanaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia. Defesa: Curitiba, 2007Inclui bibliografiaArea de concentração: Zoologi

Poliquetas intersticiais da Costa Sul e Sudeste do Brasil

Orientador : Prof. Dr. Paulo da Cunha LanaCo-orientador : Prof. Dr. Katrine WorsaaeDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia. Defesa: Curitiba, 2008Bibliografia: fls. 222-226Area de concentração: ZoologiaResumoResumo: Famílias de poliquetas exclusivamente intersticiais não formam um grupo monofilético, mas sua ocorrência em um mesmo habitat justifica que sejam tratados como um único grupo funcional, chamado de "poliquetas intersticiais" ou "meiofaunais". O capítulo 1 desta tese teve como objetivo realizar o levantamento taxonômico das espécies de poliquetas intersticiais das regiões sudeste e sul da costa brasileira, descrevendo novos táxons e revisando as espécies anteriormente conhecidas. O levantamento incluiu as famílias Aeolosomatidae e Potamodrilidae, Ctenodrilidae, Nerillidae, Polygordiidae, Protodrilidae, Protodriloididae e Saccocirridae. Foi ainda incluída uma revisão crítica do estado atual de conhecimento das famílias Aberrantidae, Parergodrilidae e Psammodrilidae, mesmo na ausência de registros para a costa do Brasil. O capítulo 2 teve como objetivo testar a adequação do atual sistema taxonômico da família Saccocirridae, amplamente baseada em caracteres morfológicos, com a construção de uma filogenia baseada no DNA ribossomal (28S, 18S e H3) e um marcador mitocondrial (16S). O capítulo 3 teve como objetivo testas a adequação do sistema taxonômico corrente de Protodrilidae com a construção de uma filogenia baseada no DNA ribossomal (28S, 18S e H3) e um marcador mitocondrial (16S). O capítulo 4 teve como objetivo sistematizar as estratégias de locomoção e alimentação de poliquetas intersticiais, tratadas como principais descritores do comportamento. Protodrilus spp. (Protodrilidae), Protodriloides spp. (Protodriloididae), Saccocirrus sp. nov. 1 (Saccocirridae) e Polygordius eschaturus (Polygordiidae) foram usados como modelos para testar a hipótese de que distintas estratégias de locomoção e de alimentação condicionam distintas preferências de habitats, em diferentes escalas espaciais em praias arenosas. Nossos resultados mostram que a diversidade de poliquetas intersticiais é ainda subestimada na região e que sua distribuição está fortemente condicionada pelo TMG e pela assimetria do sedimento de praias reflectivas.Abstract: We summarize herein the current knowledge on the taxonomy, evolution and distribution ecology of interstitial annelids from southern and southeastern Brazilian beaches. The chapter 1 is a taxonomic survey of the interstitial polychaete species from the southeastern and southern Brazilian coasts, describing new taxa and revising previously known species. The following families were included: Aeolosomatidae and Potamodrilidae, Ctenodrilidae, Nerillidae, Polygordiidae, Protodrilidae, Protodriloididae and Saccocirridae. We also present a critical review of the Aberrantidae, Parergodrilidae and Psammodrilidae, though they have not been reported from the Brazilian coast as yet. The chapter 2 was used a molecular phylogenetic hypothesis, with ribosomal DNA (28S, 18S and H3) and a mitochondrial marker (16S), by means of maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches, to access the following aims: a) to test adequacy of the current taxonomic classification schemes for the Saccocirridae; b) to trace the evolution of the main diagnostic traits and c) to evaluate the correlations between habitat conditions and the proposed trophic guilds. The chapter 3 aimed to test the adequacy of the current taxonomic classification schemes for Protodrilus on the basis of a molecular phylogenetic hypothesis, with ribosomal DNA (28S, 18S and H3) and a mitochondrial marker (16S), by means of maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian (BI) approaches. Protodrilus spp. (Protodrilidae), Protodriloides spp. (Protodriloididae), Saccocirrus sp. nov. 1 (Saccocirridae) and Polygordius eschaturus (Polygordiidae) were used in the chapter 4 as models to test the hypothesis that different strategies of locomotion and feeding patterns affect habitat preference at different spatial scales. The role played by AGS and SKW in explaining and predicting the distribution of interstitial annelids strongly suggest that both factors may have been determinant of the evolutionary processes which led to the origin and dispersion of this and other meiofaunal groups

Aquatic avifauna in a subtropical estuarine system, a World Heritage site (Paraná, southern Brazil)

The Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (PEC) is internationally recognized for its economic, social, and environmentalrelevance. It is designated as a World Heritage site and part of selected wetland areas that protect and conservebiodiversity, especially waterbirds. However, it has historically been under pressure from human activities, andthe information about waterbirds that use the region is fragmented. Thus, with this study, we sought to establisha baseline for the waterbirds using the bays of the PEC, considering aspects such as species richness, abundance,and conservation status. On board a boat, we conducted monthly surveys from March 2020 to February 2021along 36 transects equally distributed among the three main bays of the PEC. We recorded 46 species distributedacross 17 families and eight orders. The order Charadriiformes displayed the highest number of species, totaling19. Among them, the Neotropic Cormorant, identified as Nannopterum brasilianum, stood out with the highestnumber of occurrences. Furthermore, we documented eight migratory species from the Northern Hemisphere,including Calidris pussilla, the Semipalmated Sandpiper, considered near threatened by the International Unionfor Conservation of Nature Red List. Additionally, we observed seven other species classified under some threatof extinction. Our results revealed that the PEC harbors a rich and diverse assemblage of waterbirds consistingof resident and migratory species, many of which are at some risk of population decline. Therefore, we reinforcethe importance of continuous monitoring in the region, which can serve as a basis for public policies, supportingmanagement and conservation strategies focused on waterbirds and the wetlands on which they depend

Vertical distribution of meiofauna on reflective sandy beaches

Extreme physical conditions usually limit the meiofauna occurrence and distribution in highly hydrodynamic environments such as reflective beaches. Despite sediment grains of the upper layers being constantly resuspended and deposited, the high energy of the swash zone besides depositing coarse sediments allows an ample vertical distribution of meiofaunal organisms. The effect of physical, chemical and sediment variables on the vertical distribution of meiofaunal organims and nematodes was analysed on two reflective exposed beaches. Sampling was conducted at three sampling points on each beach in the swash zone. The sediment collected was divided into four 10-cm strata (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, 30-40 cm). The statistical differences between strata due to factors previously established (i.e. meiofaunal composition, density of most abundant taxa) were tested using a hierarchical PERMANOVA applied under similarity and euclidian distances. An inverse relation among average grain size, content of organic matter and sediment sorting was evident. Coarser sediment characterized the upper layers, while at deeper layers the sediment was very poorly sorted and presented a higher content of organic matter. A similar pattern in the vertical distribution of meiofaunal and nematofaunal composition and density was detected. The lowest densities were associated with the first stratum (0-10 cm), highly affected by hydrodynamics. The vertical distribution of organisms was statistically different only when the interaction among factors was considered. This result suggests that zonation and vertical distribution of meiofaunal organisms are determined by the within-beach variability.A ocorrência e distribuição da meiofauna em ambientes com alta energia hidrodinâmica, tais como praias refletivas, são normalmente limitadas por extremos físicos. Apesar de as camadas superficiais do sedimento serem afetadas, a alta energia na zona de espraiamento e a presença de areia grossa possibilitam que a meiofauna tenha ampla distribuição vertical. Para testar o padrão de distribuição vertical da meiofauna e de nemátodos em relação às variáveis físicas, químicas e sedimentológicas, duas praias refletivas expostas foram analisadas. As coletas ocorreram na zona de espraiamento em três pontos de cada uma dessas praias. O sedimento coletado foi dividido em quatro estratos de 10 cm (0-10, 10-20, 20-30 e 30-40 cm). A diferença entre os estratos foi analisada com o uso de PERMANOVA com modelo hierarquizado. A análise foi aplicada em matrizes de similaridade e de distância euclidiana, para estudo da composição da meiofauna e densidades específicas de táxons mais abundantes, respectivamente. O padrão granulométrico evidenciado caracterizou-se pela relação inversa entre o tamanho médio do grão e o teor de matéria orgânica aliado ao grau de selecionamento. Sedimentos mais grosseiros foram encontrados nos estratos superficiais e a maior concentração de matéria orgânica e sedimentos menos selecionados localizaram-se nos estratos inferiores. A composição e densidade da meiofauna e da nematofauna apresentaram padrão de distribuição vertical semelhantes, sendo que a camada superficial (0-10 cm), mais afetada pela energia hidrodinâmica, mostrou os mais baixos valores. Diferenças significativas na distribuição vertical dos organismos só foram detectadas quando considerada a menor interação entre os fatores, indicando que a variabilidade entre os pontos dentro de uma mesma praia são responsáveis pela estruturação espacial e vertical dos organismos meiofaunais

Editorial: diversity of marine meiofauna on the coast of Brazil

After a first bout of primarily taxonomical effort, meiofauna studies in Brazilian waters remained virtually neglected until the 1990s. At the end of the last century, taxonomical and ecological studies on meiofauna taxa were again published regularly, especially for Nematoda and Copepoda. In this issue, 18 new species are described and ten species are redescribed from seven Phyla. The five ecological articles cover the spatial distribution of forams and amoeba in a lagunar system, the meiofauna associated with biogenic structures, the relationship between nematodes and granulometry, and the response of sandy-beach meiofauna to a natural, short-term pulse of diatoms. All these contributions show the potential of the Brazilian coast for revealing new species and testing small to large-scale hypotheses about ecological processes

Annotated checklist of Echinoderms from Araçá Bay, Southeastern Brazil

We present a species list of echinoderms from Araçá Bay, state of São Paulo. Altogether, 863 specimens belonging to 25 species, 19 genera, and 13 families were exhaustively collected during three years in consolidated and non-consolidated substrate. Ophiuroidea was the most representative taxon with 16 species, follow by Asteroidea with four species, Echinoidea with three, and Holothuroidea with two species. The brittle stars Amphiura kinbergi and Ophiothela cf. mirabilis are new records for Araçá Bay. We confirm that Araçá Bay is one of the best known area of echinoderm diversity in Brazil considering that the perimeter (3 km) of the bay corresponds to only 0.03% of the Brazilian coastline (8500 km). This work complements the knowledge of Araçá Bay biodiversity and supports future interventions, management and maintaining the diversity of this wonderful group of marine animals

Finding aquaporins in annelids : An evolutionary analysis and a case study

Funding Information: This research was funded by PRIN2017 Programmi di Ricerca Scientifica di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale 2017 (grant # 2017J92TM5) by Italian MUR to G.C. and by the Molecular Bio-diversity Laboratory of the Italian node of Lifewatch (CNR, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche) to C.G.Peer reviewedPublisher PD