ANÁLISE DA HEMORRAGIA PÓS-PARTO NO BRASIL ENTRE 2019 E 2023

INTRODUCTION: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is one of the main causes of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite efforts to reduce these rates, PPH remains a significant concern, highlighting the need for effective strategies to prevent and manage this obstetric complication.  This study aims to analyze the epidemiological profile of hospitalizations for PPH in Brazil between 2019 and 2023. OBJECTIVE: To determine the epidemiological profile of hospitalizations for postpartum hemorrhage in Brazil from 2019 to 2023. METHODS: This study is a retrospective epidemiological research and descriptive with a quantitative approach, using data from the Information Technology Department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). 13,411 hospitalizations for PPH were analyzed, collected between 2019 and 2023. The data were organized into tables and graphs and interpreted together with a review of academic literature, using the variables: region, age group, incidence per year, race and type of care. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Of the 13,411 hospitalizations for PPH analyzed, the Southeast region had the majority of hospitalizations, with 40.09% (5,377), followed by Northeast, with 29.4% (3,943) and the South region, with 18.36 % (2,463). On the other hand, the North region had the lowest number of hospitalizations, with 6.7% (898). Regarding Brazilian states, São Paulo had the most hospitalizations, with 19.5% (2,620), followed by Minas Gerais, with 13.75% (1,845) and Paraná, with 7.5% (1,006).  Furthermore, the state of Acre had the lowest number of hospitalizations, with only 19 hospitalizations.  Among the states in the Northeast, the highest number of hospitalizations was in Rio Grande do Norte, 7% (949). The age range analyzed was 15 years and 49 years, with the majority of cases of postpartum hemorrhage occurring in the age group between 20 and 24 years, representing 23.8% of hospitalizations for PPH. On the other hand, the age group with the lowest number of cases was between 45 and 49 years old, representing less than 1% of hospitalizations. The occurrence of postpartum hemorrhage in this age group is lower due to the reduced frequency of births. Regarding race, there is a predominance of hospitalizations in brown women, representing 43.9% of cases, followed by white women, with 29.5%. Black, yellow and indigenous women together represented only 6.7% of total hospitalizations. Finally, the nature of care for cases of postpartum hemorrhage (Table 2), demonstrating that 97.7% (13104) were urgent. CONCLUSION: A concentration of hospitalizations for PPH was found in the Southeast and Northeast regions, especially among young women aged 20 to 29. There was a decreasing trend in hospitalization rates throughout the studied period. There was a predominance of hospitalizations among mixed-race women, followed by white women, with a smaller proportion of black, yellow and indigenous women. The majority of hospitalizations occurred on an urgent basis. These findings offer insights for improvements in maternal and obstetric health.INTRODUÇÃO: A hemorragia pós-parto (HPP) é uma das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade materna em todo o mundo. Apesar dos esforços para reduzir esses índices, a HPP continua sendo uma preocupação significativa, destacando a necessidade de estratégias eficazes para prevenção e manejo dessa complicação obstétrica. Este estudo objetiva analisar o perfil epidemiológico das internações por HPP no Brasil entre os anos de 2019 e 2023. OBJETIVO: Determinar o perfil epidemiológico das internações por hemorragia pós-parto no Brasil de 2019 a 2023. MÉTODOS: Esse estudo é uma pesquisa epidemiológica retrospectiva e descritiva com abordagem quantitativa, utilizando dados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS). Foram analisadas 13.411 internações por HPP, coletadas entre 2019 e 2023. Os dados foram organizados em quadros e gráficos e interpretados em conjunto com revisão da literatura acadêmica, utilizando as variáveis: região, faixa etária, incidência por ano, raça e caráter de atendimento. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Dos 13.411 internações por HPP analisados a que a região Sudeste apresentou a maioria das internações, com 40,09% (5.377), seguido pelo Nordeste, com 29,4% (3.943) e região Sul, com 18,36% (2.463). Em contrapartida, a região Norte apresentou o menor número de internações, com 6,7% (898). Com relação aos estados brasileiros, São Paulo apresentou a maioria das internações, com 19,5% (2.620), seguido por Minas Gerais, com 13,75% (1.845) e Paraná, com 7,5% (1.006).  Ademais, o estado do Acre apresentou o menor número de internações, com apenas  19 internações. Dentre os estados do Nordeste, o maior número de internações foi no Rio Grande do Norte 7% (949). A faixa etária analisada foi 15 anos e 49 anos, a maioria dos casos de hemorragia pós-parto ocorrendo na faixa etária entre 20 e 24 anos, representando 23,8% das internações por HPP. Por outro lado, a faixa etária com menor número de casos foi entre 45 e 49 anos, representando menos de 1% das internações. A ocorrência de hemorragia pós-parto nessa faixa etária é menor devido à diminuição da frequência de partos. Em relação à raça, observa-se uma predominância de internações em mulheres pardas, representando 43,9% dos casos, seguidas por brancas, com 29,5%. Por outro lado, mulheres negras, amarelas e indígenas representaram conjuntamente apenas 6,7% do total de internações. Por fim, o caráter de atendimento dos casos de hemorragia pós-parto (Quadro 2), demonstrando que 97,7% (13104) foram em caráter de urgência. CONCLUSÃO: Constatou-se uma concentração de internações por HPP nas regiões Sudeste e Nordeste, especialmente entre mulheres jovens de 20 a 29 anos. Houve uma tendência decrescente nas taxas de internações ao longo do período estudado. Predominaram internações em mulheres pardas, seguidas por mulheres brancas, com uma proporção menor de mulheres negras, amarelas e indígenas. A maioria das internações ocorreu em caráter de urgência. Esses achados oferecem insights para melhorias na saúde materna e obstétrica

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data