El efecto del estilo de aprendizaje en el rendimiento de estudiantes en una instruccion que previene el enfoque-­en-­la-­forma

Due to the crucial role of learning styles in language learning, this study ai-­ med at investigating whether different learning styles play a role in a grammar classroom taught based on a preemptive focus-on-from instruction. To fulfill this objective, 65 female students studying in a state pre-­university center were selected as the sample of the study. After determining their learning styles based on Paragon Learning Style Inventory, all of them were taught a grammatical structure based on focus-­on-­form instruction. The results of the study revealed that the difference in the participants’ language performance due to the effect of their learning styles and focus-­on-­form instruction they received was not statistically significant.Debido al papel crucial de los estilos de aprendizaje en el aprendizaje de idio-­ mas, este estudio se propuso investigar si los diferentes estilos de aprendizaje juegan un pa-­ pel en clases de gramática enseñada con base en una instrucción que prevenga el enfoque-­en-­ la-­forma. Para alcanzar este objetivo, 65 alumnas que estudian en un centro pre-­universitario estatal participaron en este estudio. Después de determinar sus estilos de aprendizaje basados en Paragon Learning Style Inventory, a todas ellas se les enseñó una estructura gramatical basada en la instrucción enfocada-­en-­la-­forma. Los resultados del estudio revelaron que no existen diferencias significativas en el rendimiento del idioma de los participantes debido al efecto de los diferentes estilos de aprendizaje y una enseñanza enfocada-­en-­la-­forma. Palabras clave: enfoque en las formas, el enfoque preventivo en la forma, estilo de apren-­ dizaje, enseñanza de la gramátic

Neurological Manifestations of Renal Diseases in Children in Qazvin/ Iran

  How to Cite This Article: Dalirani R, Mahyar A, Ayazi P, Ahmadi Gh. Neurological Manifestations of Renal Diseases inChildren in Qazvin/ Iran. Iran J Child Neurol. Summer 2016; 10(3):24-27.AbstractObjectiveRenal diseases are one of the most common causes of referrals and admissions of children, hence it is important to know their neurological presentations. This study aimed to determine neurological presentations of renal diseases in children.Material & MethodsA total of 634 children with renal diseases, admitted to Qazvin Pediatric Hospital, Qazvin, central Iran from 2011 to 2013 were studied. Neurological presentations of patients were established and the results were analyzed using statistical tests.ResultsNeurological presentations were found in 18 (2.8%) out of 634 patients, of whom 15 had febrile seizures, two thromboembolism, and one encephalopathy. Among patients with urinary tract infection (UTI), 2.6% had febrile seizures, 11.1% of those with glomerulonephritis had encephalopathy, and 3.7% of those with nephrotic syndrome had cerebral thromboembolism.ConclusionResults showed neurological presentations in 2.8% of children with renal diseases, and febrile seizure as the most common presentation. References 1.      Elder JS. Urinary tract infection. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton RE, Schor NF, Geme III JW St, Behrman RE. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th ed. Phila, Saunders; 2011: 1838-1846. 2.      Bhoobun S, Jalloh AA, Jacobsen KH. Cerebral venous thrombosis in a child with nephrotic syndrome: case report. Pan Afr Med J 2012;13:57. 3.      Lee P, Verrier Jones K. Urinary tract infection in febrile convulsions. Arch Dis Child 1991; 66(11):1287-90. 4.      Bensman A, Dunand O, Ulinski T: Urinary tract infection. In: Avner ED, Harman WE, Niaudet P, Yoshikawa N, Pediatric Nephrology. Berlin, Springer. 2009:1007-1025. 5.      Anochie I, Eke F, Okpere A. Childhood nephrotic syndrome: change in pattern and response to steroids. J Natl Med Assoc 2006; 98(12):1977-81. 6.      Pan GC, Avner ED. Glomerulonephritis Associated with Infections. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton RE, Schor NF, Geme III JW St, Behrman RE. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th ed. Phila, Saunders; 2011: 1783-6. 7.      Salvadori M, Bertoni E. Update on hemolytic uremic syndrome: Diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations. World J Nephrol 2013 6; 2(3): 56-7. 8.      Shinnar S. Febrile seizures. In: Swaiman KF, Ashwal S,Ferriero DM. Pediatric neurology: principles and practice. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Mosby, 2006:1079-86. 9.      Bryce A. Kerlin, Rose Ayoob, William E. Smoyer. Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Nephrotic Syndrome–Associated Thromboembolic Disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2012 ; 7(3): 513–520. 10.  Faigle R, Sutter R, Kaplan PW. The electroencephalography of encephalopathy in patients with endocrine and metabolic disorders. J Clin Neurophysiol 2013;30(5):10.1097. doi:10.1097/WNP.0b013e3182a73db9. 11.  Momen AA, Monajemzadeh SM, Gholamian M. The Frequency of Urinary Tract Infection among Children with Febrile Convulsions. Iran J Child Neurol 2011; 5(3): 29-32. 12.  Burn D J, Bates D. Neurology and the kidney. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 1998;65:810–821. 13.  Orth SR, Ritz E. The nephrotic syndrome. N Engl J Med 1998;338: 1202-11. 14.  Zaffanello M, Franchini M. Thromboembolism in childhood nephritic syndrome: a rare but serious complication. Hematology 2007; 12:69-73. 15.  Sébire G, Tabarki B, Saunders DE, et al. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in children: risk factors, presentation, diagnosis and outcome. Brain 2005; 128 (3):477–89. 16.  Joel F, Denis G, deVeber Gabrielle D V. Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis and idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in childhood: report of four new cases and review of the literature. Eur J Pediatr 2006; 165(10):709–716. 17.  Nathanson S, Kwon T, Elmaleh M et al. Acute neurological involvement in diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2010 ;5(7):1218-28.  

Risk Factors of the First Febrile Seizures in Iranian Children

Objective. Febrile seizures are the most common type of convulsion in children. The identification of influencing factors on incidence of the first febrile seizures is of prime priority. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors of the first febrile seizures in Iranian children. Methods. In this case-control study 80 children aged 9 month to 5 years with their first febrile seizures were compared with 80 children with fever without seizure based on different risk factors in 2007. Results. There was significant difference between two groups regarding the gender, family history of febrile seizures, breast-feeding duration, and the body temperature (P < .05). Conclusion. Our study showed that factors including the gender, family history of febrile seizures, breast-feeding duration, and the body temperature are among the risk factors in occurrence of the first febrile seizure. Preventive measures to remove such risk factors could lead to lower the incidence of febrile seizures

Tick-borne Relapsing Fever in Children in the North-west of Iran, Qazvin

Tick-borne Relapsing Fever in Children inthe North-west of Iran, Qazvin. Ayazi P1, Mahyar A2, Oveisi S3, Esmailzadehha N3, Nooroozi S2. Abstract Relapsing fever is caused by the Borrelia species of spirochetes. Louse-borne epidemics of the disease may happen but the endemic disease is generally transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected tick (Ornithodorus). Clinical and laboratory findings of tick-borne relapsing fever in children in the north-west of Iran, Qazvin, were evaluated. This study was conducted from September 1992 to September 2012. Records from 53 cases of tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) were reviewed. In positive cases, febrile illness, and spirochetes were recognized in peripheral blood preparations. Of the 53 children younger than 12 years, fifty two percent were male and about one third (34%) of the patients were in the age range of 7-12 years. The disease is recorded through the whole year but its peak occurs during summer (52.8%) and autumn (32.1%). Sixty eight percent of patients were living in urban areas but had frequent travel to rural area. Thirty two percent of the cases were living in rural areas where their dwellings were close to animal shelters. All (100%) of the 53 subjects were febrile. Travellers to the rural areas with high prevalence of the disease should be attentive of the risk oftick-borne relapsing fever and use suitable control measures. Consequently relapsing fever should be considered when patients who live in or have vacationed in north-west of Iran show a recurring febrile illness. KEYWORDS: Borrelia; Children; Clinical; Laboratory; Tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) PMID:2644539

Tick-borne Relapsing Fever in Children in the North-west of Iran, Qazvin

Tick-borne Relapsing Fever in Children inthe North-west of Iran, Qazvin. Ayazi P1, Mahyar A2, Oveisi S3, Esmailzadehha N3, Nooroozi S2. Abstract Relapsing fever is caused by the Borrelia species of spirochetes. Louse-borne epidemics of the disease may happen but the endemic disease is generally transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected tick (Ornithodorus). Clinical and laboratory findings of tick-borne relapsing fever in children in the north-west of Iran, Qazvin, were evaluated. This study was conducted from September 1992 to September 2012. Records from 53 cases of tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) were reviewed. In positive cases, febrile illness, and spirochetes were recognized in peripheral blood preparations. Of the 53 children younger than 12 years, fifty two percent were male and about one third (34%) of the patients were in the age range of 7-12 years. The disease is recorded through the whole year but its peak occurs during summer (52.8%) and autumn (32.1%). Sixty eight percent of patients were living in urban areas but had frequent travel to rural area. Thirty two percent of the cases were living in rural areas where their dwellings were close to animal shelters. All (100%) of the 53 subjects were febrile. Travellers to the rural areas with high prevalence of the disease should be attentive of the risk oftick-borne relapsing fever and use suitable control measures. Consequently relapsing fever should be considered when patients who live in or have vacationed in north-west of Iran show a recurring febrile illness. KEYWORDS: Borrelia; Children; Clinical; Laboratory; Tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) PMID:2644539

Serum Thyroid Hormone Levels in Epileptic Children Receiving Anticonvulsive Drugs

How to Cite this Article: Mahyar A, Ayazi P, Dalirani R, Hosseini SM, Daneshi Kohan MM. Serum Thyroid Hormone Levels in Epileptic Children Receiving AnticonvulsiveDrugs. Iranian Journal of Child Neurology 2011;5(4):21-24.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate serum thyroid hormone levels in epileptic children receiving anticonvulsive drugs.Materials &amp; MethodsIn this case- control study, 30 epileptic children who were receiving anticonvulsive drugs (case group) were compared with 30 healthy children (control group). This study was carried out in the Qazvin Children's Hospital (Qazvin, Iran) from October to December 2007. Both groups were matched for age and sex. Thyroid hormone levels were measured using a radioimmunoassay and immunoradiometric assay. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and Student's t-tests.ResultsThe mean serum T3 and T4 levels in the case group were 2.36 ± 0.73 nmol/L and 95.96 ± 27.01 nmol/L, respectively, and the corresponding values in the control group were 1.88 ± 0.93 nmol/L and 147.46 ± 35.77 nmol/L, respectively. The mean serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in the case and control groups were 2.73±0.73 mIU/mL and 2.49 ± 2.17mIU/mL, respectively.ConclusionThis study revealed that long-term consumption of anticonvulsive drugs resulted in a decline in serum T4 levels and an increase in serum T3 levels, but had no effect on TSH levels. 1. Johnston M. Neurodegenerative disorders of childhood;Spingolipidoses. Nelson textbook of pediatrics, 17th edPhiladelphia: Saunders; 2004.P.2031-2.2. Sankar R, Koh S, Wu J, Menkes J. Paroxysmal disorders.In(eds): Menkes JH, Sarnat HB, Maria BL. ChildNeurology; 2006.P.7:877.3. Shiva S, Ashrafi M, Mostafavi F, Abasi F, RahbariA, Shabanian R. Effects of anticonvulsant drugs onthyroid function tests. Iranian Journal of pediatrics2003;13(02):101.4. Kimura M, Yoshino K, Suzuki N, Maeoka Y. Effect ofantiepileptic drugs on thyroid function. Psychiatry andclinical neurosciences. 1995;49(4):227-9.5. Eris Pural J, Delrio-Garma M, Delrio - Castro – GagoM. Long Term treatment of children with epilepsy withvalprovats or carbamazepin, may cause subclinicalhypothyroidism. Epilepsia 1999;40(12):1961.6. Isojärvi JIT, Turkka J, Pakarinen AJ, Kotila M,Rättyä J, Myllylä VV. Thyroid function in men takingcarbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, or valproate for epilepsy.Epilepsia 2001;42(7):930-4.7. Vainionpää LK, Mikkonen K, Rättyä J, Knip M,Pakarinen AJ, Myllylä VV, et al. Thyroid function ingirls with epilepsy with carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine,or valproate monotherapy and after withdrawal ofmedication. Epilepsia 2004;45(3):197-203.8. Verrotti A, Basciani F, Morresi S, Morgese G, ChiarelliF. Thyroid hormones in epileptic children receivingcarbamazepine and valproic acid. Pediatric neurology2001;25(1):43-6.9. Kantrowitz L, Peterson M, Trepanier L, Melian C,Nichols R. Serum total thyroxine, total triiodothyronine,free thyroxine, and thyrotropin concentrations in epilepticdogs treated with anticonvulsants. Journal of the AmericanVeterinary Medical Association 1999;214(12):1804.10. Schröder-van der Elst J, Van der Heide D, Van der BentC, Kaptein E, Visser T, DiStefano J. Effects of 5, 5 -diphenylhydantoin on the thyroid status in rats. Europeanjournal of endocrinology 1996;134(2):221.11. Schonberger W, Grimm W, Schonberger G, SinterhaufK, Scheidt E, Ziegler R. [The influence of primidone onthyroid function (author’s transl)]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr1979;104(25):915-7.12. Tiihonen M, Liewendahl K, Waltimo O, Ojala M,Valimaki M. Thyroid status of patients receiving longtermanticonvulsant therapy assessed by peripheralparameters: a placebo-controlled thyroxine therapy trial.Epilepsia 1995;36(11):1118-25.13. Benedetti MS, Whomsley R, Baltes E, Tonner F. Alterationof thyroid hormone homeostasis by antiepileptic drugsin humans: involvement of glucuronosyltransferaseinduction. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2005;61(12):863-72

Prediction of Vesicoureteral Reflux by Ultrasonography and Renal Scan in Children

Background. In recent studies, renal ultrasonography and dimercapto-succinic acid (DMSA) scan have a role in predicting vesicoureteral reflux in children with febrile urinary tract infection (UTI). Materials and Methods. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) were defined for ultrasonography and DMSA scan to predict vesicoureteral reflux in 70 children with febrile UTI. Results. Renal ultrasonography sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, PLR, and NLR for vesicourethral reflux prediction was 0.57, 0, 1, 0, 0.57, and 0.47 and sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, PLR, and NLR of DMSA scan for predicting vesicourethral reflux was 0.75, 0.9, 0.33, 0.98, 7.5, and 0.27, respectively. Conclusions. Ultrasonography cannot predict the presence of VUR, but DMSA scan has a good sensitivity in this context. Therefore, by observation of DMSA scan results, it can be decided whether to perform VCUG or not. Keywords urinary tract infection, diagnostic imaging, vesicoureteral reflux, ultrasonography, 99m Tc DMS

Association Between Overweight and Obesity and Overactive Bladder in Children: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common cause of voiding dysfunction in children and is classified as lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD). In recent studies, obesity and overweight are assumed as risk factors for voiding dysfunction and urinary incontinence in children. Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the correlation between overweight and obesity with OAB in children. Methods: This cross-sectional study measured BMI in 56 children aged between 3 and 16 years with OAB (case group) and 56 healthy matched children (control group). Overweight and obesity were compared between the two groups. The study also accessed lower urinary tract symptoms and their association with BMI in the OAB children. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 18.0 for windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Results: The mean age of the OAB patients was 7.71_2.65 years, and 38 (67.8%) of them were female. Frequency and holding maneuvers were the most prevalent complaints. A history of urinary tract infection was detected in 46 (82.1%) of the OAB patients. There were no significant differences in overweight and obesity between the two groups (P = 0.23). Conclusions: No correlation was observed between overweight and obesity with OAB. The reason may be different socioeconomic conditions or malnutrition in these children. Thus, it is recommended to perform a study with a larger sample size in our community to assess malnutrition in the general children population. Keywords: Children, Overactive Bladder, Body Mass Index, Urinary Incontinence, Urinary Tract Infectio

The effect of purgative manna and clofibrate on neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

This study was conducted to determine the effect of purgative Manna and clofibrate on unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia of term neonates. In this randomized clinical trial study, sixty neonates suffering from unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia were evaluated. The neonates were divided into three groups using balanced block randomization. Group A (control group-received only phototherapy), group B (intervention group-received purgative Manna and phototherapy) and group C (intervention group-received clofibrate and phototherapy). After the intervention, the amount of serum bilirubin reduction was compared between groups. There was no significant difference among group A, B, and C in terms of serum bilirubin reduction in 24, 48 and 72 hours after starting the intervention (P>0.05). The hospital stays in the control group was significantly longer than the intervention groups (P<0.05). No side effects were observed related to using purgative Mienna and clofibrate. The present study showed that prescribing of purgative Manna and clofibrate has no effect on reduction of serum bilirubin level in term neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Thus, it seems that the administration of these drugs is not necessary. Further studies in this regard are recommende