The Role of Radioactivities in Astrophysics

I present both a history of radioactivity in astrophysics and an introduction to the major applications of radioactive abundances to astronomy

Calorimetric and equilibrium studies on some stable nitroxide and iminoxy radicals. Approximate O-H bond dissociation energies in hydroxylamines and oximes

The differences in the heats of formation in solution of the stable free radicals, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperid-4-one 1-oxyl (1a), 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperdine N-oxyl (1b), and di-tert-butyliminoxy (2), and their hydrogenated precursors have been determined by a direct calorimetric technique. The equilibrium constants for the hydrogen atom transfer reactions of these radicals with certain hydroxylamines and oximes were then determined by the epr spectroscopic method. The analysis of the results of these experiments leads to the predictions that the O-H bond strengths of unhindered dialkylhydroxylamines are in the range of 72-74 kcal/mol while the O-H bond strengths of simple unhindered oximes are equal to approximately 86 kcal/mol.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye

Behavioral assessment of neuropathic pain, fatigue, and anxiety in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and attenuation by interleukin-10 gene therapy

Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis is commonly associated with motor impairments, neuropathic pain, fatigue, mood disorders, and decreased life expectancy. However, preclinical pharmacological studies predominantly rely on clinical scoring of motor deficit as the sole behavioral endpoint. Thus, the translational potential of these studies is limited. Here, we have assessed the therapeutic potential of a novel anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10) non-viral gene therapy formulation (XT-101-R) in a rat relapsing remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. EAE induced motor deficits and neuropathic pain as reflected by induction of low-threshold mechanical allodynia, suppressed voluntary wheel running, decreased social exploration, and was associated with markedly enhanced mortality. We also noted that voluntary wheel running was depressed prior to the onset of motor deficit, and may therefore serve as a predictor of clinical symptoms onset. XT-101-R was intrathecally dosed only once at the onset of motor deficits, and attenuated each of the EAE-induced symptoms and improved survival, relative to vehicle control. This is the first pharmacological assessment of such a broad range of EAE symptoms, and provides support for IL-10 gene therapy as a clinical strategy for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.Peter M.Grace, Lisa C.Loram, John P.Christianson, Keith A.Strand, Johanna G.Flyer-Adams, Kathryn R.Penzkover ... et al