Harnessing the Power of Saussurea obvallata Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Accelerated Wound Healing and Antimicrobial Action

Adel Moalwi,1 Keerti Naik,2 Uday M Muddapur,2 Bader Aldoah,1 Hajar Hassan AlWadai,1 Abdulrahman Manaa Alamri,1 Saeed A Alsareii,1 Mater H Mahnashi,3 Ibrahim Ahmed Shaikh,4 Aejaz Abdullatif Khan,5 Sunil S More6 1Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, BVB Campus, Hubballi, Karnataka, India; 3Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of General Science, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 6School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, Karnataka, IndiaCorrespondence: Uday M Muddapur; Mater H Mahnashi, Email [email protected]; [email protected]: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) have been the subject of substantial research by virtue of their utility across extensive downstream applications. Moreover, the ZnONPs are inexpensive, reliable, and easy to produce. Green synthesis employing biological systems, particularly plant extracts, has arisen as a subject of study in nanotechnology and is gaining importance due to its multiple applications in biology, chemistry, physics, and medicine.Methods: Aqueous extract of S. obvallata was prepared and ZnONPs were synthesised using zinc acetate as a substrate. UV-Vis spectrophotometric measurement confirmed the production of ZnONPs. The ZnONPs were characterized by employing SEM, EDS, XRD, and FTIR. The ZnONPs were screened for its antimicrobial and wound healing potential.Results: The peak of absorbance for UV-Vis was observed at 370 nm. The average dimension of the particles was found to be 22.58 nm. The antibacterial activity of ZnONPs was efficient in countering a broad spectrum of bacteria and the fungi C. albicans. The results of in vitro and in vivo wound healing assays indicate that the ZnONPs possess potent wound healing potential. In the cell migration assay, the percentage of wound closure was observed to be 84.70% (p < 0.001) for ZnONPs compared to the untreated group (8.12%). In the excision wound healing rat model, the animals treated with ZnONPs and Povidone-Iodine showed a significant (p < 0.01) wound contraction in comparison to the untreated animals.Discussion: The ZnONPs promoted wound healing processes and showed promise as a therapeutic agent. However, further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of action and evaluate the long-term safety and effectiveness of ZnONPs in wound healing applications. By using renewable biological materials, the green synthesis of ZnONPs minimizes the need for synthetic reagents and lowers the total carbon footprint related to the production of nanoparticles.Keywords: green synthesis, wound healing, zinc oxide NPs, Saussurea obvallata, antimicrobia

Personal and Psychological Perceptions of Return to Activities After Anterior Ligament Reconstruction Among Patients with an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear in Jazan Province

Zenat Khired,1 Hussam Darraj,1 Basem Zogel,1 Salman Mohammed Qahl,1 Nawaf Bakri,1 Khalid Ahmed Muafa Jnr,1 Mohammed H Alhazmi,1 Mohammed A Zalah,2 Almutasim Billa Moafa,3 Yahya Mahnashi4 1Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia; 2King Fahad Central Hospital, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 3Company of United Rehabilitation Experts, Jazan, Saudia Arabia; 4Department of Physiotherapy, Collage of Applied Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Zenat Khired, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966 50 479 2202, Email [email protected]; [email protected]: The knee joint is primarily stabilized by the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL). ACL tear, a common injury resulting from sudden shock or intense forceful knee movement, is characterized by an ACL sprain or stretch. In Saudi Arabia, the incidence of ACL damage is estimated at 31.4%. Injuries can be contact-based (direct collision) or non-contact (imbalanced or flawed movement).Methodology: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia between December 2022 and May 2023 to assess personal and psychological perceptions of returning to activities after ACL reconstruction. The study included 113 patients; data was collected via self-administered questionnaire, and data analysis was performed using SPSS 23rd version. This study provides valuable insights into the factors affecting the return to activities after ACL tears.Results: The study found that most patients were male. Football is the most common physical activity associated with knee injury. Postoperative complication rates were low. Sex, site of injury, and reoperation were significantly associated with the perceived importance of the exercise score. Muscle strengthening postoperatively and age were significantly associated with knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome scores. Site of injury and ACL– quality of life score of “social and emotional” segment were significant factors associated with ACL – quality of life score of “entertaining and physical activity” segment. This study provides valuable insights into the factors affecting the return to ACL tear activity in the Jazan region.Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of patient education and support for safe exercise and emotional well-being after ACL. We found correlations between injury location and exercise perception, thus emphasizing the need for a safe environment. Postoperative strengthening and age- and sex-specific strategies are also important, and emotional support is critical for rehabilitation success. Further research on patients’ beliefs, motivations, and provider communication is needed.Keywords: ACL, return to sport, patient-reported outcome, patient perspective, psychology, activity leve