Evaluating Properties of Asphalt Mixtures Containing polymers of Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) and recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (rPET) against Failures Caused by Rutting, Moisture and Fatigue

Properties of asphalt mixture play a vital role in structural integrity and performance of flexible pavements structure. In flexible pavements asphalt concrete surface layer consists of asphalt binder, aggregates and in some cased additives. In this research study styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) used to evacuate their individual and also their combination effects upon moisture susceptibly, rutting and low temperature cracking of asphalt concrete mixture. Three combination of SBR and rPET along with water were vulcanized to from thermoplastic elastomer polymers as bitumen modifier. Then conventional bitumen tests including penetration grade, softening point and rotational viscosity (RV) as well as asphalt mixture tests including resilient modulus, dynamic creep, IDT fatigue and moisture susceptibility tests were performed on binders and asphalt mixture specimens. The test results indicated that SBR and rPET increase viscosity and softening point and stiffen the binders by reducing their penetration grade. Test results of spearmens prepared with modified binders showed higher tensile strength and higher rutting resistance than that of control specimen within the contest of this study it is conclude that modification of bitumen with SBR reduces low temperature stiffness of binder and hence reduces failure of thermal cracking and modification with rPET increases rutting resistance of the mixture at high temperatures

Multi-Hole Waveguide Directional Couplers

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Numerical and Experimental Investigation on the Modified of Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete Containing Crumb Rubber and Waste Pet

The main objective of this research is to investigate the rutting of modified mixtures with two additives of crumb rubber and polyethylene terephthalate (PET).Therefore, ITS method, resilient modulus and Dynamic creep were used to investigate asphalt behaviour with these two additives in this article. Modified blends include ten blends that are made by combining crumb rubber and polyethylene terephthalate in various percentages. The modifiers are combined in two percent 10% and 15% with 60/70 penetration bitumen. Finally, with these mentioned tests, the results of the ten modified samples along with the non-modified one were compared. The results showed that the addition of polyethylene terephthalate increased the viscosity and reduced the density; therefore, addition of more polyethylene terephthalate in the modifier reduces the flow number and, on the other hand, addition of 15% modifier containing polyethylene terephthalate resilient module increases the flow number by about 66%. Ultimately, neural network method was used to predict the result of dynamic creep test; indirect tensile strength and the capability of neural network method have been measured to estimate the laboratory result. According to the results, ANFIS can estimate the laboratory data correctly

Effect of substrate and cultivar on growth characteristic of strawberry in soilless culture system

The investigation was carried out for evaluation effect of substrate and cultivar on growth characteristic of strawberry in soilless culture system. Experimental treatment consisted of three strawberry cultivars (Camarosa, Mrak and Selva) and six growing media (rice hull, sycamore pruning waste, cocopeat + perlite (50:50), vermicomposts + perlite + coco peat (5:45:50), (15:40:45) and (25:35:40). Measured factors were dry and fresh weight of root and shoot, runner number, petiole length, leaf area, total biomass and root/shoot ratio. Measured physical and chemical characteristics of different substrate consisted of pH, EC, porosity, bulk density, particle density, % organic material and % inorganic material. Results show that these cultivars responded differently to different substrates under this investigation. Furthermore, these substrates had significant effects on cultivars. Camarosa cultivar had the highest of leaf area, length of petiole, runner number and total biomass. Mrak cultivar was the highest of yield. Adding vermicompost to substrates was effected in most of traits.Keywords: Substrate, vermicompost, strawberry, growth characteristics, cultiva

Exposing to EMF

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Electromagnetic Solutions for the Agricultural Problems

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Experimental and numerical investigation of the properties of the Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete with basalt and glass fiber

Abstract. In the recent decades, different kinds of fiber materials are used for improving the asphalt mixture performance. Meanwhile, different kinds of fiber are used excessively due to their desirable physical and chemical properties and their easier application. The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the characteristics of the asphalt mixture while using basalt fiber and glass fiber. In order to provide asphalt samples, these two types of fibers are used in different percentages. In this way, 42 samples (with different percentages of fiber and bitumen) were made using Marshal Hammer. In the next step, while constructing 63 asphalt samples using a gyratory device, then mix asphalt conventional tests include the determination of indirect tensile strength, moisture sensitivity test, and resilient modulus and creep tests performed. The results of this research indicate that using these two types of fibers increased the percentage of optimum bitumen and marshal resistance. At best, adding 0.1% glass fiber resulted in 13% increase in marshal resistance. Ultimately, ANFIS method was employed to predict the result of the experimental test and the possibility of using neural network method have been evaluated to predict the laboratory result.    &nbsp

A Generic Construction for Verifiable Attribute-based Keyword Search Schemes

Cloud data owners encrypt their documents before outsourcing to provide their privacy. They could determine a search control policy and delegate the ability of search token generation to the users whose attributes satisfy the search control policy. Verifiable attribute-based keyword search (VABKS) where the users can also verify the accuracy of cloud functionality is one of such schemes. In this paper, the first generic construction for VABKS is proposed. To this end, the notion of hierarchical identity-based multi-designated verifier signature (HIB-MDVS) has been introduced and existential forgery under chosen message attack (EF-CMA) is formally defined for its unforgeability. Furthermore, anonymity against chosen identity vector set and chosen plaintext attack (Anon-CIVS-CPA) has been defined as the security definition of hierarchical identity-based broadcast encryption (HIBBE) in a formal way. The proposed construction is built in a modular structure by using HIBBE, HIB-MDVS, and Bloom filter as the building blocks. We prove that the security of proposed construction is based on the unforgeability of HIB-MDVS and the anonymity of HIBBE. Finally, the concept of verifiable ranked keyword search will be introduced and a construction of this primitive will be presented which is based on proposed VABKS

A new class of glycomimetic drugs to prevent free fatty acid-induced endothelial dysfunction

Background: Carbohydrates play a major role in cell signaling in many biological processes. We have developed a set of glycomimetic drugs that mimic the structure of carbohydrates and represent a novel source of therapeutics for endothelial dysfunction, a key initiating factor in cardiovascular complications. Purpose: Our objective was to determine the protective effects of small molecule glycomimetics against free fatty acid­induced endothelial dysfunction, focusing on nitric oxide (NO) and oxidative stress pathways. Methods: Four glycomimetics were synthesized by the stepwise transformation of 2,5­dihydroxybenzoic acid to a range of 2,5­substituted benzoic acid derivatives, incorporating the key sulfate groups to mimic the interactions of heparan sulfate. Endothelial function was assessed using acetylcholine­induced, endotheliumdependent relaxation in mouse thoracic aortic rings using wire myography. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) behavior was evaluated in the presence or absence of the free fatty acid, palmitate, with or without glycomimetics (1µM). DAF­2 and H2DCF­DA assays were used to determine nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, respectively. Lipid peroxidation colorimetric and antioxidant enzyme activity assays were also carried out. RT­PCR and western blotting were utilized to measure Akt, eNOS, Nrf­2, NQO­1 and HO­1 expression. Results: Ex vivo endothelium­dependent relaxation was significantly improved by the glycomimetics under palmitate­induced oxidative stress. In vitro studies showed that the glycomimetics protected HUVECs against the palmitate­induced oxidative stress and enhanced NO production. We demonstrate that the protective effects of pre­incubation with glycomimetics occurred via upregulation of Akt/eNOS signaling, activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway, and suppression of ROS­induced lipid peroxidation. Conclusion: We have developed a novel set of small molecule glycomimetics that protect against free fatty acidinduced endothelial dysfunction and thus, represent a new category of therapeutic drugs to target endothelial damage, the first line of defense against cardiovascular disease