Deep Transfer Learning for Wall Bulge Endpoints Regression for Autonomous Decoration Robots

Wall bulge maintenance and repairing is an essential task for autonomous decoration robots. The problem of the wall bulge endpoints regression refers to identifying the position of the wall bulge endpoints in spatial coordinates. This problem is of significant importance for autonomous decoration robots as these robots target automatic maintenance and repairing of wall bulges, they must automatically recognize where to start and stop the repairing process. Training deep convolutional neural networks for supervised computer vision tasks requires a large number of annotated images. Since gathering annotated images for this task is difficult, laborious, and time-consuming, we proposed a model for detecting the wall bulge endpoints position based on deep transfer learning. Our proposed model is capable of classifying the wall bulge into one of four classes according to its orientation. Deep transfer learning transfers the knowledge acquired by deep learning models trained for a specific task and domain to another different but related task and domain. Our proposed model is mainly based on deep convolutional neural networks pre-trained on large datasets for tasks of object classification and detection. We transfer the knowledge acquired by the model from these tasks to solve both problems in our new task

Non‐classical monocytes frequency and serum vitamin D3 levels are linked to diabetic foot ulcer associated with peripheral artery disease

Abstract Aims/Introduction Peripheral artery disease (PAD) serves as a risk factor for diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). PAD pathology involves atherosclerosis and impaired immunity. Non‐classical monocytes are believed to have an anti‐inflammatory role. 1,25‐Dihydroxy vitamin D (vitamin D3) is claimed to have immune‐modulating and lipid‐regulating roles. Vitamin D receptor is expressed on monocytes. We aimed to investigate if circulating non‐classical monocytes and vitamin D3 were implicated in DFUs associated with PAD. Materials and Methods There were two groups of DFU patients: group 1 (n = 40) included patients with first‐degree DFUs not associated with PAD, and group 2 (n = 50) included patients with DFU with PAD. The monocyte phenotypes were detected using flow cytometry. Vitamin D3 was assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results DFU patients with PAD showed a significant reduction in the frequency of non‐classical monocytes and vitamin D3 levels, when compared with DFU patients without PAD. The percentage of non‐classical monocytes positively correlated with vitamin D3 level (r = 0.4, P < 0.01) and high‐density lipoprotein (r = 0.5, P < 0.001), whereas it was negatively correlated with cholesterol (r = −0.5, P < 0.001). Vitamin D3 was negatively correlated with triglyceride/high‐density lipoprotein (r = −0.4, P < 0.01). Regression analysis showed that a high vitamin D3 serum level was a protective factor against PAD occurrence. Conclusions Non‐classical monocytes frequency and vitamin D3 levels were significantly reduced in DFU patients with PAD. Non‐classical monocytes frequency was associated with vitamin D3 in DFUs patients, and both parameters were linked to lipid profile. Vitamin D3 upregulation was a risk‐reducing factor for PAD occurrence