Effective Factors on Occupational Burnout among the Operating Room Staff in Teaching Hospitals affiliated with Isfahan Medical University: A qualitative content analysis

Background: Burnout has negative effects on the performance of employees, especially on the operating room personnel, who are in contact with acute patients. The aim of this study was investigating effective factors on occupational burnout among the operating room staff at the teaching hospitals affiliated with Medical University of Isfahan, Iran.&#x0D; Methods: This study was a qualitative content analysis. The study had 20 participants selected from hospital managers, clinical supervisors, operating room supervisors, and hospital matrons in teaching hospitals (al-Zahra, Khorshid, Amin, Kashani, Feyz) of Isfahan in 2016.Participants were selected using the purposeful sampling method until information saturation was reached. Data were collected using a deep semi-structured interview, after thatall interviews were recorded and then transcribed and reviewed. Later, the data were analyzed by MAXQDA/12.&#x0D; Results: In this study, three main themes were achieved internal factors of organization, external factors of organization, as well as individual and personal factors of organization. Totally, these main themes had 51 subthemes. In the process of analyzing the main themes, we found that internal factors of organization had 37 subthemes, external factors of organization had 11 subthemes, and individual and personal factors of organization had three subthemes.&#x0D; Conclusion: Various factors related to job burnout were mentioned by decision makers. It is possible to resolve these factors by proper decisions of managers and heads of hospitals. Managers of hospitals should advance service quality, reduce costs, and decrease losses of burnout due to internal factors of organization, external factors of organization, as well as individual and personal factors of organization.</jats:p

Burnout and its Related Factors among the Operating Room Staff in Teaching Hospitals affiliated with the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

Background: The operating room staff is exposed to stress due to the frequent contacts with patients, which may ultimately leads to burnout. The aim of this study was to determine burnout and its related factors among the operating room staff in teaching hospitals affiliated with the Isfahan University of Medical Sciencesin 2018.&#x0D; Methods: The present quantitative and qualitative study was conducted in Isfahan In the quantitative phase, 206 employees were selected by simple random sampling method and data were analyzed by SPSS23 using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, t-test, and other related tests.  Data were collected by “Demographic form” and “Maslach Burnout Inventory” (MBI) questionnaires.  In the qualitative phase, data were collected by conducting interviews with 20 participants including managers, supervisors, and matrons of the operating roomby using MAXQDA12. Software.&#x0D; Results: Results showed that the demographic variables had a significant relationship with burnout variable and its dimensions. Work experience and academic degree had a significant relationship with depersonalization (P-value &lt; 0.05). According to the multiple linear regression, academic degree had the highest predictive power for depersonalization. In the qualitative phase, three factors associated with burnout included: internal factors of organization, external factors of organization and individual and personal factors of organization.&#x0D; Conclusion: Burnout affects the staff's efficiency and performance in the operating room. Therefore, managers must provide programs to reduce burnout among the staff, so that they can provide high-quality services and reduce costs.</jats:p

Content analysis of official curriculum of medical sciences from the perspective of early childhood development

Introduction: Today, social determinants of health are defined as one of the most important approaches in examining health differences among communities as well as within them. In this approach, Early Childhood Development has been a centeral theme in the comprehensive evolution of the child. This study endeavored to examine the content analysis of the Medical Sciences’ curriculum from the perspective of Early Childhood Development. Methods: In view of that, in this qualitative study through content analysis approach based on the pattern of the social factors affecting health, the content of the undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral degree programs in Medical University of Isfahan Sciences were analyzed After several stages of screening 27 medical sciences official curriculum were analyzed using MAXQDA. Results: The results of content analysis showed that in undergraduate and postgraduate, most of the topics related to Early Childhood Development were from Midwifery and Pediatric Nursing, respectively; that is to say courses containing the concept of Early Childhood Development were related to Bachelor of Midwifery, Bachelor of Public Health, and Master of Pediatric Nursing, respectively. Conclusion: Comparing three undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral degrees, most of the Early Childhood Developmental topics belong to undergraduate degree. The purpose of medical education is gaining knowledge, skills, and information necessary for care and promoting the health of the community, Medical students' didactic content needs to be socially oriented. In the course headings, the social determinants of health and in particular the topics related to the evolution of early childhood need to be highlighted

Fear, an unpleasant experience among undergraduate midwifery students: A qualitative study

Fear is a normal emotion that can evoke an appropriate response when facing threat. However, sometimes the consequences of fear can lead to responses that are maladaptive. Fear can have negative effects on learning. Research has focused on the experience of fear and its consequences among midwifery students during their undergraduate program. A qualitative analysis was conducted of interviews with ten midwifery students in different years of an undergraduate program. The data was analyzed through a content analysis approach. Two main categories and five subcategories emerged. The first category, areas of fear in midwifery students, consisted of the following subcategories: fear of doing harm, fear of encountering their first childbirth, and fear of penalties. The second category, consequences of fear, consisted of the following subcategories: general physical and psychological consequences and interference in adopting the professional role. In this study, fear not only raised the students' stress levels thereby, leading to physical and psychological issues but also hindered their adoption of their professional role. These findings will potentially inform support and retention strategies within midwifery undergraduate programs in the future. BACKGROUND: Maternity care in Iran is provided mainly within a medical model of care. The majority of women give birth in hospital, where care is provided by midwives who work under the direction and supervision of an obstetrician. Midwives within the medically dominated system lack autonomy and have very little opportunity to gain experience in providing continuity of care for women as midwife-led models of care are rare. This practice context means that midwifery students have very little opportunity to gain experience in autonomous midwifery practice. Midwifery undergraduate program in Iran is for four years. Admission to the undergraduate program is implemented via a direct entry route. Nearly all of the midwifery students are school leavers with their first exposure to university and hospital systems. Most of the midwifery students have chosen this career without sufficient understanding about midwifery and the work that it involves (Arfaee et al., 2008). The midwifery undergraduate program comprises theoretical and clinical elements. After the first semester, students enter clinical settings under the supervision of their clinical instructors

Infrastructures and Necessary Actions Parallel to Reforms of Medical Service Tariffs to Improve Health System Performance in Iran: A Qualitative Study

Background: Perhaps the most important challenge in provision of health services is the issue of tariffs. The roles of the Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education, the Supreme Council of public health services insurance, Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor, and Social Affairs, as well as the Medical Council are specified in law. But it is faced with serious problems in implementation. The purpose of this study was to identify and introduce infrastructures and necessary actions parallel with reforms of medical service tariffs to improve health system performance in Iran. Methods: Purposeful sampling was used and continued until data saturation in this qualitative study. Participants included 12 Health Managers of Tehran, Isfahan, and Tabriz, who were selected based on the study goals. These people were investigated with deep interview. Data analysis was based on a thematic analysis. Criteria such as &quot;credibility&quot;, &quot;reliability&quot;, &quot;validity&quot;, and &quot;stability&quot; of data were considered. Results: Findings showed that the infrastructure and reforms, according to participants' viewpoints were divided into 3 parts: first, the reform of the Ministry of Health, including structural reforms, reforms related to the provider, and establishment of correct informing; second, health insurance reforms, consisting of structural reforms and actions that should be taken by the government about the insurance; and third, the necessary reforms by the government. Conclusion: First, it seems that various issues and aspects related to tariff determination should be considered. Furthermore, some preliminaries should be provided before tariffs' reformation or some actions should be taken in line with that for the success of tariff reformation process. These measures and reformations&nbsp; are related to the Ministry of Health, insurances, and the government

Preparedness of community-based organisations in biohazard: reliability and validity of an assessment tool

The purpose of this study was to develop a tool for community-based health organisations (CBHOs) to evaluate the preparedness in biohazards concerning epidemics or bioterrorism. We searched concepts on partnerships of CBHOs with health systems in guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and literature. Then, we validated the researcher-made tool by face validity, content validity, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and criterion validity. Data were collected by sending the tool to 620 CBHOs serving under supervision of Iran’s ministry of health. Opinions of health professionals and stakeholders in CBHOs were used to assess face and content validity. Factor loads in EFA were based on three-factor structure that verified by CFA. We used SPSS V.18 and Mplus7 software for statistical analysis. About 105 health-based CBHOs participated. After conducting face validity and calculating content validity ratio and content validity index, we reached 54 items in the field of planning, training and infrastructure. We conducted construct validity using 105 CBHOs. Three items exchanged between the fields according to factor loads in EFA, and CFA verified the model fit as Comparative Fit Index, Tucker-Lewis index and root mean square error of approximation were 0.921, 0918 and 0.052, respectively. The Cronbach’s of the whole tool was 0.944. Spearman correlation coefficient confirmed criterion validity as coefficient was 0.736. Planning, training and infrastructure fields are the most important aspects of preparedness in health-based CBHOs. Applying the new assessment tool in future studies will show the weaknesses and capabilities of health-based CBHOs in biohazard and clear necessary intervention actions for health authorities

Preparedness of community-based organisations in biohazard: reliability and validity of an assessment tool

The purpose of this study was to develop a tool for community-based health organisations (CBHOs) to evaluate the preparedness in biohazards concerning epidemics or bioterrorism. We searched concepts on partnerships of CBHOs with health systems in guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and literature. Then, we validated the researcher-made tool by face validity, content validity, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and criterion validity. Data were collected by sending the tool to 620 CBHOs serving under supervision of Iran’s ministry of health. Opinions of health professionals and stakeholders in CBHOs were used to assess face and content validity. Factor loads in EFA were based on three-factor structure that verified by CFA. We used SPSS V.18 and Mplus7 software for statistical analysis. About 105 health-based CBHOs participated. After conducting face validity and calculating content validity ratio and content validity index, we reached 54 items in the field of planning, training and infrastructure. We conducted construct validity using 105 CBHOs. Three items exchanged between the fields according to factor loads in EFA, and CFA verified the model fit as Comparative Fit Index, Tucker-Lewis index and root mean square error of approximation were 0.921, 0918 and 0.052, respectively. The Cronbach’s of the whole tool was 0.944. Spearman correlation coefficient confirmed criterion validity as coefficient was 0.736. Planning, training and infrastructure fields are the most important aspects of preparedness in health-based CBHOs. Applying the new assessment tool in future studies will show the weaknesses and capabilities of health-based CBHOs in biohazard and clear necessary intervention actions for health authorities.</jats:p

Survey ofAn Investigation of the Relationship between Emotional Labor and Job Satisfaction among the Executives and Nursing Managers of the Teaching Hospitals Affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

Introduction and Purpose: Due to vast and varied nature of their work, managers need to operate in a wide range of emotions. In addition, managers must be able to determine when to show certain emotions. This shows the important role of emotional labor in management positions which can in turn affect the managers' job satisfaction. Therefore the current study aims to investigate the relationship between emotional labor and job satisfaction among executives and nursing managers of educational hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.   Methods: This is a descriptive, correlation study using field survey method. The study population consisted of executives and nursing managers of educational hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The sample size of 250 people was selected using census method. Data collection was carried out using a translated version of a questionnaire whose validity and reliability were approved (&alpha=0/81). The questionnaires were distributed among the study population and the resulting data was analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics with the help of SPSS18 software.   Results: The rate of emotional labor among the executive and nursing management of the selected hospitals was average while the job satisfaction, deep interaction and genuine emotions were reported to be above average and the rate of surface interaction was lower than average. The results showed that there is a direct and significant statistical relationship between the genuine emotions dimension of emotional labor and job satisfaction (P<0/05). However there was no statistically significant relationship between the other dimensions of emotional labor (surface interaction and deep interaction) and job satisfaction of the managers.   Conclusions: It can be concluded that, like in general population, the closer the emotional labor of the managers is to what they really feel (genuine emotions) the greater their job satisfaction