Content analysis of official curriculum of medical sciences from the perspective of early childhood development

Introduction: Today, social determinants of health are defined as one of the most important approaches in examining health differences among communities as well as within them. In this approach, Early Childhood Development has been a centeral theme in the comprehensive evolution of the child. This study endeavored to examine the content analysis of the Medical Sciences’ curriculum from the perspective of Early Childhood Development. Methods: In view of that, in this qualitative study through content analysis approach based on the pattern of the social factors affecting health, the content of the undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral degree programs in Medical University of Isfahan Sciences were analyzed After several stages of screening 27 medical sciences official curriculum were analyzed using MAXQDA. Results: The results of content analysis showed that in undergraduate and postgraduate, most of the topics related to Early Childhood Development were from Midwifery and Pediatric Nursing, respectively; that is to say courses containing the concept of Early Childhood Development were related to Bachelor of Midwifery, Bachelor of Public Health, and Master of Pediatric Nursing, respectively. Conclusion: Comparing three undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral degrees, most of the Early Childhood Developmental topics belong to undergraduate degree. The purpose of medical education is gaining knowledge, skills, and information necessary for care and promoting the health of the community, Medical students' didactic content needs to be socially oriented. In the course headings, the social determinants of health and in particular the topics related to the evolution of early childhood need to be highlighted

Infrastructures and Necessary Actions Parallel to Reforms of Medical Service Tariffs to Improve Health System Performance in Iran: A Qualitative Study

Background: Perhaps the most important challenge in provision of health services is the issue of tariffs. The roles of the Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education, the Supreme Council of public health services insurance, Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor, and Social Affairs, as well as the Medical Council are specified in law. But it is faced with serious problems in implementation. The purpose of this study was to identify and introduce infrastructures and necessary actions parallel with reforms of medical service tariffs to improve health system performance in Iran. Methods: Purposeful sampling was used and continued until data saturation in this qualitative study. Participants included 12 Health Managers of Tehran, Isfahan, and Tabriz, who were selected based on the study goals. These people were investigated with deep interview. Data analysis was based on a thematic analysis. Criteria such as "credibility", "reliability", "validity", and "stability" of data were considered. Results: Findings showed that the infrastructure and reforms, according to participants' viewpoints were divided into 3 parts: first, the reform of the Ministry of Health, including structural reforms, reforms related to the provider, and establishment of correct informing; second, health insurance reforms, consisting of structural reforms and actions that should be taken by the government about the insurance; and third, the necessary reforms by the government. Conclusion: First, it seems that various issues and aspects related to tariff determination should be considered. Furthermore, some preliminaries should be provided before tariffs' reformation or some actions should be taken in line with that for the success of tariff reformation process. These measures and reformations  are related to the Ministry of Health, insurances, and the government

Survey ofAn Investigation of the Relationship between Emotional Labor and Job Satisfaction among the Executives and Nursing Managers of the Teaching Hospitals Affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

Introduction and Purpose: Due to vast and varied nature of their work, managers need to operate in a wide range of emotions. In addition, managers must be able to determine when to show certain emotions. This shows the important role of emotional labor in management positions which can in turn affect the managers' job satisfaction. Therefore the current study aims to investigate the relationship between emotional labor and job satisfaction among executives and nursing managers of educational hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.   Methods: This is a descriptive, correlation study using field survey method. The study population consisted of executives and nursing managers of educational hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The sample size of 250 people was selected using census method. Data collection was carried out using a translated version of a questionnaire whose validity and reliability were approved (&alpha=0/81). The questionnaires were distributed among the study population and the resulting data was analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics with the help of SPSS18 software.   Results: The rate of emotional labor among the executive and nursing management of the selected hospitals was average while the job satisfaction, deep interaction and genuine emotions were reported to be above average and the rate of surface interaction was lower than average. The results showed that there is a direct and significant statistical relationship between the genuine emotions dimension of emotional labor and job satisfaction (P<0/05). However there was no statistically significant relationship between the other dimensions of emotional labor (surface interaction and deep interaction) and job satisfaction of the managers.   Conclusions: It can be concluded that, like in general population, the closer the emotional labor of the managers is to what they really feel (genuine emotions) the greater their job satisfaction