The Effect of Age and occupation on the Type and the Number of workers injuries in construction sector in Iraq

World statistics proved that the most of work dangerous accidents, which causes death, are occurred in the construction works. These accidents related to many causes such as loss of workers experience and ignoring rules of safety requirements, especially young workers. Due to the risk of accidents that may occur in the site of work, the idea of this study crystallized to show the relationship between the age of worker and number of injuries and accidents, to identify the causes of these injuries, and to put the appropriate solutions to avoid or reduce the risk of work injuries. Also, the research shows the main principles of safety requirements to forming a clear picture about the subject of the study. A questioner form was prepared to collect the information and then analyzing it statistically in order to reach to the results and recommendations which contribute to decrease the occurrence of work injuries in the sites of construction projects

New cost control techniques in mega construction projects

The construction industry in the U.K. is a vital sector of the country's economy. However, this industry is faced by various types of uncertainties and risks due to their dynamic environment, particularly for megaprojects. The study aimed to determine the modern and effective cost control techniques that are utilized in for mega construction projects in the U.K. A mixed-method approach that involves both qualitative and quantitative approaches were adopted in this research for data collection and analysis. Five semi-structured interviews with construction professionals were conducted first to find out modern and effective techniques used for projects cost control. This is followed by carrying out Delphi survey twice with 42 and 39 construction professionals. Results revealed that the top five techniques that can be utilized for controlling megaproject costs were: Activity-based costing method, Contract Variance – Unit Costing, To-Complete Performance Index (TCPI), Cost-Value Reconciliation and BIM

Risk Response in Construction Project: A Review Study

Construction projects are characterized as projects with multi phases and activities, complex, unique, and have many different parties and stakeholders. Risks could appear at one or more of the construction project stages and may affect the achievement of project objectives. Therefore, one of the key elements in the planning phase of any project is the risk management process (RMP). This study attempts to understand the terminology of risk in general, risk management, and response to risk in particular. This study is mainly a review of thirty-eight studies that have been published between 1997 and 2020 that demonstrate the importance of the crucial phase of risk response from the risk management process and its impact on the project objectives, as well as the tools and methodologies that project managers and decision-makers could use to handle the risks to reduce the negative effects of risks on the success of the construction projects. This study concludes that risk response should be considered an essential activity to complete the RMP, which will lead to minimizing the losses due to risks, maximizing the benefits due to opportunities, and achieving the objectives of projects.

An Extensive Literature Review on Risk Assessment Models (Techniques and Methodology) for Construction Industry

This study looks into the many methods that are used in the risk assessment procedure that is used in the construction industry nowadays. As a result of the slow adoption of novel assessment methods, professionals frequently resort to strategies that have previously been validated as being successful. When it comes to risk assessment, having a precise analytical tool that uses the cost of risk as a measurement and draws on the knowledge of professionals could potentially assist bridge the gap between theory and practice. This step will examine relevant literature, sort articles according to their published year, and identify domains and qualities. Consequently, the most significant findings have been presented in a manner that is consistent with logic and is predicated on the temporal evolution between 1990 and 2015

Safety management in private construction project in Iraq

The construction industry consider one of the most dynamic industries due to the unique features such as the change in the project site and condition. These features make the application of specifications and codes more difficult. Occupational Safety requirements in project is also difficult to be implemented and monitored due to the unique features of this industry. The aim of the study is to propose a new method that will determine the performance and management of the occupational safety in the construction site, in order to increase the safety at work in the private construction sector in Iraq. Another purpose of this evaluation is to establish a fundamental point that can be graded according to the safety index for the Iraqi construction industry. The information has been collected through a checklist and a questionnaire; the study focused on data collection paradigm and framework based on a fuzzy logic approach, which is especially able to evaluate the efficiency and monitoring of management defects of private contractors in the fields of occupational safety management. The results show a high security management performance in the private construction sector in Iraq, and the survey results show that there is a great deficiency in training on job security, also study found out that the top three elements of occupational safety management in Iraq are: First Aid-medical needs, Safety committees, Hazard prevention and control

The adoption of green management in Iraqi construction industry: The challenges and benefits

Working locally acting Globally is the essential principle in the modern world, to achieve this principle all the countries should work together to protect the Natural environment and the ecosystem. The protection methods and procedures were developed and adapted to suit all fields of the life specially the industry fields, green management (GM) considered one of the important methods for this purpose because it provides the bases for environmental conservation. Industry of construction shares a high percentage of the world economy as well as adverse influence on the environment as natural. The current work paper tries to set the challenges and benefits of adopting the GM in Iraqi industry of construction throughout exploring the important aspects (main and sub aspects) that affect the applications of the GM as well as the motivation aspects. To achieve this goal a review of literatures was performed to collect the influencing aspects, then these aspects were evaluated by the experts using questionnaire survey and the questionnaire results were analyzed utilizing Process of Analytical Hierarchy (AHP). The results revealed that the main aspects are the financial aspects and the Project-related and technical aspects with 23% and 19% of important respectively. Accordingly, the conclusions were extracted with a set of recommendations which mainly state the important role of the Iraqi government in the application of GM in the industry of construction

An MCDM Approach for Evaluating Construction-Related Risks using a Combined Fuzzy Grey DEMATEL Method

There is a need for more research into prioritizing project risks based on a sound technique due to the complicated and disorganized character of this stage. The project risk management process typically begins with the identification of critical hazards. This study presents a Grey Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (FGDEMATEL) approach to prioritize potential causes of project risks within Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM). This framework organizes the numerous risks using the Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS) of the Project Management Institute (PMI). The risk information used in this analysis comes mostly from the views and choices of project experts. Grey theory, which takes language phrases for preference collections and translates them into numerical intervals, is responsible for controlling uncertainty and variance in experts' preferences. As each expert has unique skills and experiences, it evaluates the significance of their opinions using a fuzzy number system that incorporates three dimensions. In the end, the FGDEMATEL approach devised a method to rank various project risks

Exploring the Factors Affecting the Elemental Cost Estimation with Relationship Analysis Using AHP

Cost estimation is considered one of the important tasks in the construction projects management. The precise estimation of the construction cost affect on the success and quality of a construction project. Elemental estimation is considered a very important stage to the project team because it represents one of the key project elements. It helps in formulating the basis to strategies and execution plans for construction and engineering. Elemental estimation, which in the early stage, estimates the construction costs depending on . minimum details of the project so that it gives an indication for the initial design stage of a project. This paper studies the factors that affect the elemental cost estimation as well as the relation between these factors using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Final conclusions and recommendations were extracted for better elemental estimation accuracy in project management

Optimizing and coordinating the location of raw material suitable for cement manufacturing in Wasit Governorate, Iraq

The cement industry is considered one of the strategic industries, because it is directly related to construction work and cement is used as a hydraulic binder. However, it is a simple industry compared to major industries and depends on the availability of the necessary raw materials. This study focuses on optimizing and coordinating the location of raw materials needed for the cement manufacturing in Wasit Governorate in Iraq. Field works include detailed reconnaissance, topographic work, and description and sampling of 24 lithological sections that represent the carbonate deposits, which crop out in the area. The investigated area has the following specifications: The weighted averages of chemical components in the industrial bed are as follows: CaO = 47.83%, MgO = 1.12%, SiO2 = 7.28%, SO3 = 0.34%, Fe2O3 = 1.85%, Al2O3 = 1.85%, L.O.I = 39.26%, Na2O = 0.29%, and K2O = 0.38%. The average thickness of the investigated raw materials is 15.68 m. The average bulk density of the investigated raw materials is 2.32 g/cm3. The compressive strength of the investigated raw materials ranges from 6.182 to 55.21 MN/m2. The positive area is 922,552 m2. The volume of the industrial bed is 14,466,242 m3. The economic reserve of the industrial bed is 33,561,682 tons