A study to compare caudal levobupivacaine, tramadol and a combination of both in paediatric inguinal hernia surgeries

Background and Aims: Caudal block is a safe and simple method of pain relief in young children with the drawback of a short duration of analgesia which can be overcome by adding various adjuvants to the injected local anaesthetic. We compared the effects of caudal levobupivacaine, tramadol and a combination of both in paediatric patients undergoing inguinal herniotomy. Methods: A total of 78 children aged 1–7 years, planned for inguinal herniotomy were randomly allocated into three groups. Group L received levobupivacaine 0.125% 1 ml/kg, Group T received tramadol 1.5 mg/kg in 0.9% NS and Group LT 1 ml/kg of 0.125% levobupivacaine with 1.5 mg/kg tramadol caudally. The primary outcome was the duration of analgesia. Rescue analgesic doses required, the duration of motor blockade and adverse effects were recorded for 12 h post-operatively. Data was analysed by analysis of variance test, Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square tests. Results: All groups were comparable with regard to age, sex and duration of surgery. No motor block was observed in any of the patients. The mean duration of analgesia in Group L was 321.46 ± 84.76 min, in Group T was 565.19 ± 107.08 min, and in Group LT was 720 min (P < 0.001). The requirement for rescue analgesia in tramadol group was significantly less as compared to levobupivacaine group. Sedation scores and adverse effects were comparable among all groups. Conclusion: Addition of tramadol to caudal levobupivacaine significantly increased the duration of postoperative analgesia

Comparison of analgesic effect of preoperative intravenous paracetamol v/s ketorolac in laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia

Background: Preemptive analgesia is pain control before inciting a noxious stimulus. Upper abdominal and shoulder tip pain after laparoscopy is probably caused by gas retained in the peritoneal cavity. Pain relievers were given before the incision. Aim: The study was planned to compare the Analgesic effect of pre-operative intravenous Paracetamol versus Ketorolac in laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. The difference in the need for first rescue analgesia and total dose of rescue analgesics in 24 hours postoperative period in both groups was assessed. Methods: This Hospital Based Double Blinded Randomized Interventional Study was carried out in ASA I and II, aged 18 to 60 years in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. Group A received an Intravenous infusion of paracetamol 1gm (100ml) and Group B received an intravenous infusion of ketorolac 30mg (1ml) diluted in 99 ml 0.9% normal saline. In both groups, analgesic was given over a period of 30 minutes, 30 min before induction of general anesthesia. The chi-square test and Student’s t-test were used for the statistical analysis. Results: The time for the demand of the first rescue analgesia was219±81.0 min in group A and 350±175.1min in group B, with a p-value &lt; 0.001. The demand for rescue analgesics was more in Group A in contrast to Group B. Conclusion: We concluded with our study, pre-emptive analgesia with 30mg ketorolac is better than 1 gm paracetamol. The time for rescue analgesia is prolonged, the number of rescue analgesics demanded is reduced, VAS score was significantly lower when ketorolac was used