Solving Incomplete Datasets in Soft Set Using Supported Sets and Aggregate Values

AbstractThe theory of soft set proposed by Molodtsovin 1999[1]is a new method for handling uncertain data and can be defined as a Boolean-valued information system. Ithas been applied to data analysis and decision support systems based on large datasets. In this paper, it is shown that calculated support value can be used to determine missing attribute value of an object. However, in cases when more than one value is missing, the aggregate values and calculated support values will be used in determining the missing values. By successfully recovering missing attribute values, the integrity of a dataset can still been maintained

MANET Performance Analysis Through Gateway and Routing Selection Schemes in Network Disaster Recovery

In recent years, many natural and human-made disasters have occurred, destroying urban and rural areas worldwide. It can be devastating when existing telecommunication infrastructure is destroyed by disasters. Without telecommunication infrastructure, victims are left isolated from the rest of the world. A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) provides a solution to the problem of connectivity in disaster affected areas. A MANET has the potential to provide quick network connectivity that does not require any infrastructure. However, in disaster recovery areas, MANET performance can deteriorate because of network traffic congestion. The heavy traffic generated by the hand-held and mobile devices of victims and their loved ones can create a bottleneck at the MANET gateway. In this thesis, an empirical investigation of the issues influencing MANET performance is described and the results are reported. The analysis and simulation results show an efficient gateway and routing selection scheme increases network performance, including higher packet throughput, lower packet end-to-end delay, lower packet loss and better packet delivery for medium-to-high traffic loads based on node density and velocity in the disaster recovery area. Performance is improved by introducing an efficient gateway selection scheme to avoid packet congestion at each gateway and manage the load balancing. Another necessary improvement in the routing selection scheme, involving simplifying the route discovery process in MANET, is presented. The effect of node density, the velocity of a node in the disaster recovery area and node pause time, which also influence MANET gateway performance, were investigated. This thesis proposes an efficient gateway load balancing and routing selection scheme (GWRS), which considers the pause time, the density and the velocity of nodes in the disaster recovery area. A GWRS design and deployment scheme is outlined and recommendations for future work are made

Rising Water, Rising Voices: Empowering Communities Through The Flood Emergency Response Plan

This paper presents a comprehensive Flood Emergency Response Plan designed to enhance flood preparedness and response capabilities in a specific town while promoting sustainable practices and minimizing environmental impact. Through tailored environmental education campaigns, comparative analysis, and workshops, the plan aims to communicate flood risks, climate change, and mitigation strategies. Additionally, it focuses on strengthening emergency response by formulating a comprehensive plan informed by best practices, establishing effective communication channels, and training a proficient response team. The initiative extends further to support affected communities with swift aid relief, safety kits, and volunteer-driven restoration efforts. By integrating these strategies, the plan aspires to create a resilient community capable of effectively responding to floods, emphasizing collaboration, innovation, and sustainable action

Granular activated carbon optimization for enhanced environmental disaster resilience and malathion removal from agricultural effluent

The study aimed to address the critical problem of malathion pesticide contamination in agricultural runoff and its adverse impact on the environment. It specifically focused on utilizing granular activated carbon (GAC), derived from both coal (CBAC) and peat (PBAC), as a promising solution for effective malathion removal. This study focused on the substantial influence of particle size and GAC dosage on the removal efficiency of malathion. It was determined that optimal conditions, resulting in an impressive 90% removal efficiency, were achieved when the initial malathion concentration of 7 μg L-1 was reduced to approximately 1.14 μg L-1 and 1.5 μg L-1 for CBAC with particle sizes of 0.063 mm and 1.0 mm, respectively. In contrast, PBAC exhibited a removal efficiency of 2.87 μg L-1 under similar conditions. The study further employed the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms models to analyze the adsorption behavior of malathion on GAC. The equilibrium data closely aligned with both models, and the maximum adsorption capacity was determined to be an impressive 248.1 mg g-1. These findings highlight the significant potential of GAC, whether coal or peat-based, as a highly effective absorbent material for mitigating malathion contamination in agricultural runoff. This research contributes to enhancing environmental disaster resilience by offering a viable method for optimizing GAC use, thereby reducing the detrimental effects of pesticide contamination on the environment

Lake UniSZA Water Quality Monitoring: Pollution Effects to The Aquatic Environment

Lake is one of the complete ecosystems and source of freshwater itself. Lake serves as a habitat for aquatic plants and animals, including the microorganisms. Lake can either be formed naturally or manmade. Most formed lakes are from volcanic eruptions, or cave ruins and lakes are formed from the rainwater. Man-made lakes usually formed after mining activities, and many can be found all over the world. Water pollution, including lake pollution, is common worldwide. It can be from point-source or non-point source. Natural environmental factors can also contribute to the lake pollution. In this study, aquatic life has been found dead and the samples of both water and aquatic life were taken for analysis. Two types of analysis were conducted; in-situ sampling analysis with YSI handheld parameter and an ICP-OES analysis were conducted. The analysis shown that early low concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) (3.5~4.5 mg/L) and highest concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4-N) (20.69 mg/L) as well as high concentration of sulphur (S) 3.506 mg/L) were found in both water sample and the tissue samples of the organisms. This concludes that the death of the aquatic life was due to the toxicity of sulphur found in the tissue samples

Model reruang magnitud kecerahan langit di Balai Cerap KUSZA, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UNISZA)

Magnitud kecerahan langit merupakan antara aspek penting dalam bidang astronomi, terutama bagi cerapan astronomi optik yang memerlukan keadaan langit yang sangat gelap. Di Malaysia, terdapat banyak balai cerap rasmi dan persendirian yang digunakan bagi tujuan tersebut. Laporan kajian ini membincangkan berkenaan model taburan ruang (model reruang) bagi mendapatkan gambaran penuh magnitud kecerahan langit di sekitar Balai Cerap KUSZA (BCK) yang terletak di Kampung Merang, Setiu Terengganu. BCK dipilih dalam kajian ini kerana ia bukan sahaja merupakan lokasi rasmi bagi kerja-kerja pencerapan rukyah anak bulan baharu untuk penetapan takwim Islam (hilal), malah BCK juga menyediakan fasiliti bagi pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP) serta penyelidikan berkaitan astronomi dan astrofizik. Kajian ini penting bagi memastikan kelestarian cahaya gelap di BCK dan kawasan sekitarnya adalah releven dengan keperluan semasa. Magnitud kecerahan langit diukur pada waktu malam menggunakan alat pengesan cahaya (SQM) di beberapa lokasi sekitar BCK yang kemudiannya dibandingkan dengan data simulasi satelit. Seterusnya teknik interpolasi menggunakan Sistem Maklumat Geografi (GIS) dilakukan bagi menghasilkan peta model reruang kecerahan langit yang jelas menunjukkan kawasan langit gelap dan terang di BCK dan kawasan sekitarnya. Analisis data menunjukkan kewujudan beberapa lokasi langit cerah (penunjuk pencemaran cahaya) di sekitar kawasan BCK dengan nilai tertinggi adalah 16.35 mag arcsec−2 (3.115×10-2 cd m- ²) yang mungkin disebabkan oleh aktiviti manusia. Kecerahan langit di Balai Cerap KUSZA ialah 21.34 mag per arcsec−2 (3.144×10-4 cd m- ²) dan merupakan antara titik paling gelap dalam kawasan BCK. Secara keseluruhan, data menunjukkan kawasan sekitar balai cerap masih selamat daripada pencemaran cahaya yang keterlaluan. Walau bagaimanapun, pencemaran cahaya tidak terkawal akan mengganggu gugat aktiviti cerapan. Oleh itu, peta model reruang yang dihasilkan ini dijangka dapat membantu penyelidik astronomi optik untuk memantau kadar pencemaran cahaya di BCK bagi tujuan penyelidikan astronomi umumnya dan rukyah hilal secara khususnya di Malaysia