Effectiveness of Compensatory Rehabilitation on Neuropsychological Functions of Preschool Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms

Background: Executive functions are impaired in children with attention deficithyperactivity disorder. One method to improve these functions is Compensatory rehabilitation. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of compensatory rehabilitation training on neuropsychological functions in preschool children with attention deficit- hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Methods: This is an experimental study by pretest, posttest and follow-up design with control group. Thirty two (32) children with attention deficithyperactivity disorder symptoms were selected using convenience sampling and randomly divided into control and intervention groups. The neurological tests included missing scan, day and night stroop, continuous performance test and trial making test. In the intervention program, parents were taught how to use effective strategies and skills to manage cognitive deficits in children, based on Tameshk package. Data was analyzed by repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: From the results of data analysis, compensatory rehabilitation had a significant effect on working memory (P<0.00), inhibition (P<0.00, errors; P<0.00, time) and shifting attention (P<0.01 errors in section A; P<0.00, time section A) in children. Conclusion: Compensatory rehabilitation utilizes skills and instructions to improve cognitive functions in children. The current research showed that training by compensation approach could improve neuropsychological functions in children with ADHD

The Comparison of Eysnck Personality Dimension in people with morning-evening cycle

Introduction: The purpose of this study is the comparison of Eysnck personality dimensions of extraversion, neuroticism and phsychoticism in people with morning-evening cycles. Method: The method of the study is ex post facto. 90 M.A students of Tarbit Modares University were selected by purposeful sampling (30 people with morning cycle and 30 people with evening cycle and 30 balanced people). They completed morning-evening personality questionnaire and also the Eysnck personality questionnaire. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. Results: The results showed that there's no significant difference between the three groups of morning-evening and balanced in relation with extraversion and neuroticism. However, phsychoticism was significantly different in these groups and each group showed higher scores in phychoticism. Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that people with evening cycle has higher psychoticism in comparison with people with morning cycle. This difference is probably due to the wide similarities between eveningness and psychoticism. For example, impulsivity which is a salient feature of psychotic people has a strong relationship with evening cycle. The result can be useful in better planning of optimal usage of people abilities during the day. &nbsp