A Fuzzy-GA Approach for Parameter Optimization of A Fuzzy Expert System for Diagnosis of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia in Children

Hybrid fuzzy expert systems are one of the most practical intelligent paradigm of soft computing techniques with the high potential for managing uncertainty associated to the medical diagnosis. The potential of genetic algorithm (GA) by inspiring from natural evolution as a learning and optimization technique has been vastly concentrated for improving fuzzy expert systems. In this paper, the GA capabilities have been applied for optimization of the membership function parameters in a fuzzy inference system (FIS) for diagnosing of acute lymphocytic leukemia in children. The fuzzy expert system utilizes the high interpretability of the Mamdani reasoning model to explain system results to experts in a high level and combines it with the GA optimization capability to improve its performance. The hybrid proposed Fuzzy-GA approach was implemented in Matlab software and evaluated on the real patients’ dataset. High accuracy of this system was achieved after GA tuning process with an accuracy about 98%. The results reveal the hybrid fuzzy-GA approach capability to assist computer-based diagnosis of medical experts, and consequently early diagnosis of the disease which is promising for providing suitable treatment for patients and saving more children’s lives

An Adaptive Intelligent Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Model to Manage Uncertainty of Short and Long Time-Series in Covid-19 Patterns Prediction: A Case Study on Iran

Prediction with high reliability is very important in solving real-world problems, especially those that affect public health. The statistical properties of complex problems such as Covid-19 disease constantly change over time which makes modeling of such problems associated with high-level uncertainty. It has been proven that the type-2 fuzzy logic has the potential for modeling uncertainty to solve complex problems. In this research, for the first time, an intelligent method based on the capability of type-2 fuzzy logic was presented to manage uncertainty in predicting short-term and long-term time series in environmental crises such as the Covid-19 pandemic. The performance of the proposed model was evaluated using a real dataset collected from official sources. The results confirm the high efficiency of the proposed method on Covid-19 based on a ROC curve analysis. The obtained results showed an efficiency of 93.81% for short and 91.33% for long-term time series. This indicates the high efficiency and capability of the proposed model for managing uncertainty in predicting patterns of Covid-19 in comparison with similar methods. The proposed model can be useful to take strategic decisions and prevent the consequences of the Covid-19 epidemic in the short and long terms

A New Classification Model Fuzzy-Genetic Algorithm for Detection of learning disability of Dyslexia in Secondary School Students

Background and Objective Learning disability is a neurological disorder. Simply, learning disabilities result from a person's misunderstanding of the brain. Children with learning disabilities are more accurate and intelligent than their peers, but they may have difficulty in reading, writing, pronouncing, concentrating, reasoning, recalling, or organizing information. Reading is the most basic and essential tool of education. Because by acquiring this skill, one will be able to acquire the necessary information in the affairs of life. The advancement of science in the present century is so rapid that reading is one of the most important tools for understanding today's world. One can learn the results of others' research and studies in a short period of time. Reading is a complex process that involves many different components. Learning disability is very common in childhood. The most important disability is reading disorder which is related to reading skills.  Among the skills a student learns in school, reading is especially important. Meanwhile, there are students in higher grades whose reading progress is significantly lower than the standard level compared to their calendar age. This research represents a hybrid scoring model using genetic algorithm and fuzzy set theory to manage uncertainty in diagnosis of reading disability. Methods: For this, fuzzy classification models were applied for diagnosis of the reading disability. In the fuzzy system, the knowledge was extracted from a group of experts who were teachers and specialists. In the proposed model, the knowledge of experts was automatically extracted using the learning process of the Genetic algorithm. A dataset of 260 girl students was collected from the Marefat High school in the Alborz province in the years of 1394 and 1395. The performance of the proposed model was investigated using the ROC curve analysis. Findings: The results show efficiency of the fuzzy classification model was increased to 98.51% after the rule learning with the Genetic algorithm. The proposed fuzzy classifier models uncertainty in the knowledge of expert to improve students’ progress. Conclusion: The results of this algorithm show that compared to several other methods, the fuzzy-genetic combination method performs better than other methods. The results of the performance characteristic curve also prove this. Comparing the efficiency of the system and its analysis using ROC shows that fuzzy classification system is able to identify reading disorders with high reliability. In the future, we can adjust the parameters of the membership functions and also use other meta-algorithms to improve the method. The prevalence of learning disabilities, especially reading in students, indicates the need to use strategies to reduce this disorder to prevent students' academic pathology. Another limitation of this study is the impossibility of examining the relationship between reading disorder and important variables such as parents’ education level and socio-economic status. It is suggested that these limitations be considered in future studies.   ===================================================================================== COPYRIGHTS  ©2019 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers.  ====================================================================================

Computer aided detection and measurement of coronary artery disease from computed tomography angiography images

Coronary artery disease is one of the most pernicious diseases around the world and early identification of vascular disease can help to reduce morbidity and mortality. Assessment of the degree of vascular obstruction, or stenosis, is critical for classifying the risks of the future vascular events. Automatic detection and quantification of stenosis are important in assessing coronary artery disease from medical imagery, especially for disease progression. Important factors affecting the reproducability and robustness of accuarate quantification arise from the partial volume effect and other noise sources. The main goal of this study is to present a fully automatic approach for detection and quantification of the stenosis in the coronary arteries. The proposed approach begins by building a 3D reconstruction of the coronary arterial system and then making accurate measurement of the vessel diameter from a robust estimate of the vessel cross-section. The proposed algorithm models the partial volume effect using a Markovian fuzzy clustering method in the process of accurate quantification of the degree of stenosis. To evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of the measurement, the method was applied to a vascular phantom that was scanned using different protocols. The algorithm was applied to 20 CTA patient datasets containing a total of 85 stenoses, which were all successfully detected, with an average false positive rate of 0.7 per scan

An Intelligent Hybrid Segmentation Model Based on Fuzzy Logic, Discrete Wavelet Transform In Digital Imaging for Detection of Gastric Cancer

Gastric cancer is the first rank of cancer in Iran. If the disease is detected in early stages, treatment is probability to be furthered and treatment costs will be reduced. Due to the complexity of pathologic images and the fundamental challenges in these images, such as the poor contrast between the cells, cell overlapping and the contradiction in tissue coloring, the process of diagnosing this type of disease is difficult and therefore needs a proper method to eliminate these Problems. In this research, a smart model is proposed to solve these problems. Then a fuzzy-based system, a discrete wavelet transform, The region's growth and the voting mechanism are used to identify the cells. Then, an advanced morphological method was presented for separating overlapping cells. Then the cell's feature were extracted and based on it, the cells are classified using the support vector machine algorithm (SVM) with the RBF kernel. The proposed algorithm was applied to a dataset of patients including 96 Microscopy Images from Baghiyatallah Hospital in Tehran. The proposed model was evaluated using the ROC curve analysis. The results were approved by expert pathologists and reveal accuracy of 92.12% in detection of normal and cancerous cells and 94.14% in detection of benign and malignant cells which are promising for early diagnosis of this type of cancer

A 3D approach for extraction of the coronary artery and quantification of the stenosis

Segmentation and quantification of stenosis is an important task in assessing coronary artery disease. One of the main challenges is measuring the real diameter of curved vessels. Moreover, uncertainty in segmentation of different tissues in the narrow vessel is an important issue that affects accuracy. This paper proposes an algorithm to extract coronary arteries and measure the degree of stenosis. Markovian fuzzy clustering method is applied to model uncertainty arises from partial volume effect problem. The algorithm employs: segmentation, centreline extraction, estimation of orthogonal plane to centreline, measurement of the degree of stenosis. To evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility, the approach has been applied to a vascular phantom and the results are compared with real diameter. The results of 10 patient datasets have been visually judged by a qualified radiologist. The results reveal the superiority of the proposed method compared to the Conventional thresholding Method (CTM) on both datasets

An automatic approach for learning and tuning Gaussian interval type-2 fuzzy membership functions applied to lung CAD classification system

The potential of type-2 fuzzy sets for managing high levels of uncertainty in the subjective knowledge of experts or of numerical information has focused on control and pattern classification systems in recent years. One of the main challenges in designing a type-2 fuzzy logic system is how to estimate the parameters of type-2 fuzzy membership function (T2MF) and the Footprint of Uncertainty (FOU) from imperfect and noisy datasets. This paper presents an automatic approach for learning and tuning Gaussian interval type-2 membership functions (IT2MFs) with application to multi-dimensional pattern classification problems. T2MFs and their FOUs are tuned according to the uncertainties in the training dataset by a combination of genetic algorithm (GA) and crossvalidation techniques. In our GA-based approach, the structure of the chromosome has fewer genes than other GA methods and chromosome initialization is more precise. The proposed approach addresses the application of the interval type-2 fuzzy logic system (IT2FLS) for the problem of nodule classification in a lung Computer Aided Detection (CAD) system. The designed IT2FLS is compared with its type-1 fuzzy logic system (T1FLS) counterpart. The results demonstrate that the IT2FLS outperforms the T1FLS by more than 30% in terms of classification accuracy