Расстройства сексуального здоровья при воспалительных заболеваниях внутренних гениталий у женщин

При обследовании гинекологических больных выявлены развивающиеся у них разные варианты и формы сексуальной дезадаптации супружеской пары. Показаны их причины, механизмы формирования и клинические проявления.The investigation of gynecological patients revealed development of different variants and forms of sexual dysadaptation of the married couple. Their causes, formation mechanisms and clinical manifestations are shown

Maintenance of genomic integrity and developmental competence in the mammalian oocyte

Correct transmission of the genetic material to the next generation is essential for the maintenance of genomic integrity. Therefore chromosomes should be divided properly during each meiotic division. In this thesis the function of several proteins, particularly Transforming acidic coiled-coil protein 3 (TACC3), has been examined in cattle oocytes. Immunofluorescent staining demonstrated the presence of TACC3 around the chromosomes during the first and second meiotic divisions. The function of TACC3 was investigated directly by injecting TACC3 targeted siRNAs into oocytes and indirectly by chemical inhibition of Aurora A activity, a kinase known to phosphorylate and thereby activate TACC3. Abnormal spindle formation and impaired embryonic development was observed. It is concluded that expression of TACC3 is important for the stability of the meiotic spindle and thereby correct segregation of chromosomes. For the survival of a species, it is also important that the genome in the gametes is protected from potentially damaging elements such as transposons. Piwi proteins, together with Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), can suppress transposon activity by endonuclease activity of the Piwi protein using piRNA as a guide for target recognition. Small RNAs in ovaries and oocytes were sequenced. In cattle ovaries, the pachytene like 30 nucleotide (nt) piRNAs were detected. Using immunohistochemistry, PIWIL1 was demonstrated in the primordial follicles, suggesting that the 30 nt piRNAs in the ovaries interact with PIWIL1. In the ovaries of adult women, expression of PIWIL1 and PIWIL2 was detected, together with piRNAs of 27-28 and 30 nt, whereas in ovaries from second trimester fetuses 27 nt piRNAs were detected, as was PIWIL2 expression. It is proposed that in oocytes from fetal follicles, PIWIL2 interacts with 27 nt piRNAs, whereas in adult ovaries, and particularly the oocytes of primary follicles, PIWIL1 and PIWIL2 function with 27-28 and 30 nt piRNAs. In bovine oocytes isolated from antral follicles, unmethylated 26 nt piRNAs were detected which were still present in 2-4 cell embryos. Proteomic analysis showed relatively large amounts of PIWIL3 in these oocytes and embryos and we propose that, in oocytes from antral follicles, PIWIL3 and unmethylated 26 nt piRNAs play a role in inhibition of transposon activity. Since we were interested in the function of miRNAs in oocytes and early embryos we analyzed miRNAs that could potentially be used as references to normalize the expression of miRNAs in oocytes, cumulus cells and embryos. In cattle, miR-93 and miR-103 were the most stably expressed, whereas in pig samples miR-26a, miR-191 and miR-93 were the most suitable reference miRNAs. A better understanding of meiotic spindle dynamics in oocytes and the function of small non-coding RNAs in mammalian oocytes is not only important from a fundamental point of view, but could eventually lead to better treatments for infertility including more efficient assisted reproduction technologies

Maintenance of genomic integrity and developmental competence in the mammalian oocyte

Correct transmission of the genetic material to the next generation is essential for the maintenance of genomic integrity. Therefore chromosomes should be divided properly during each meiotic division. In this thesis the function of several proteins, particularly Transforming acidic coiled-coil protein 3 (TACC3), has been examined in cattle oocytes. Immunofluorescent staining demonstrated the presence of TACC3 around the chromosomes during the first and second meiotic divisions. The function of TACC3 was investigated directly by injecting TACC3 targeted siRNAs into oocytes and indirectly by chemical inhibition of Aurora A activity, a kinase known to phosphorylate and thereby activate TACC3. Abnormal spindle formation and impaired embryonic development was observed. It is concluded that expression of TACC3 is important for the stability of the meiotic spindle and thereby correct segregation of chromosomes. For the survival of a species, it is also important that the genome in the gametes is protected from potentially damaging elements such as transposons. Piwi proteins, together with Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), can suppress transposon activity by endonuclease activity of the Piwi protein using piRNA as a guide for target recognition. Small RNAs in ovaries and oocytes were sequenced. In cattle ovaries, the pachytene like 30 nucleotide (nt) piRNAs were detected. Using immunohistochemistry, PIWIL1 was demonstrated in the primordial follicles, suggesting that the 30 nt piRNAs in the ovaries interact with PIWIL1. In the ovaries of adult women, expression of PIWIL1 and PIWIL2 was detected, together with piRNAs of 27-28 and 30 nt, whereas in ovaries from second trimester fetuses 27 nt piRNAs were detected, as was PIWIL2 expression. It is proposed that in oocytes from fetal follicles, PIWIL2 interacts with 27 nt piRNAs, whereas in adult ovaries, and particularly the oocytes of primary follicles, PIWIL1 and PIWIL2 function with 27-28 and 30 nt piRNAs. In bovine oocytes isolated from antral follicles, unmethylated 26 nt piRNAs were detected which were still present in 2-4 cell embryos. Proteomic analysis showed relatively large amounts of PIWIL3 in these oocytes and embryos and we propose that, in oocytes from antral follicles, PIWIL3 and unmethylated 26 nt piRNAs play a role in inhibition of transposon activity. Since we were interested in the function of miRNAs in oocytes and early embryos we analyzed miRNAs that could potentially be used as references to normalize the expression of miRNAs in oocytes, cumulus cells and embryos. In cattle, miR-93 and miR-103 were the most stably expressed, whereas in pig samples miR-26a, miR-191 and miR-93 were the most suitable reference miRNAs. A better understanding of meiotic spindle dynamics in oocytes and the function of small non-coding RNAs in mammalian oocytes is not only important from a fundamental point of view, but could eventually lead to better treatments for infertility including more efficient assisted reproduction technologies

Brain Functional Connectivity Changes During Learning of Time Discrimination

Introduction: The human brain is a complex system consisting of connected nerve cells that adapt to and learn from the environment by changing its regional activities. The synchrony between these regional activities is called functional network changes during life and results in the learning of new skills. Time perception and interval discrimination are among the most necessary skills for the human being to perceive motions, coordinate motor functions, speak, and perform many cognitive functions. Despite its importance, the underlying mechanism of changes in brain functional connectivity patterns during learning time intervals still need to be well understood. Methods: This study aimed to show how electroencephalography (EEG) functional connectivity changes are associated with learning temporal intervals. In this regard, 12 healthy volunteers were trained with an auditory time-interval discrimination task over six days while their brain activities were recorded via EEG signals during the first and the last sessions. Then, changes in regional phase synchronization were calculated using the weighted/phase lag index (WPLI) approach, the most effective EEG functional connections at the temporal and prefrontal regions, and in the theta and beta bands frequency. In addition, the WPLI reported more accurate values. Results: The results showed that learning interval discrimination significantly changed functional connectivity in the prefrontal and temporal regions. Conclusion: These findings could shed light on a better understanding of the brain mechanism involved in time perception

Intratesticular versus intraperitoneal injection of Busulfan for the induction of azoospermia in a rat model

Abstract Background Administration of antineoplastic drugs may cause azoospermia driving to subfertility. Production of animal azoospermia models is essential for evaluating new treatment methods before therapeutic interventions in human setup. This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of Busulfan (an anticancer drug) on some vital organs and describe the best method and appropriate dose of Busulfan to induce an animal azoospermia model. Methods Rats were randomly assigned into four groups, treatment groups received 10 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg Busulfan intraperitoneally (IP), 5 mg/kg Busulfan intratesticular (IT), and control group. Blood, bone marrow, liver, renal, and testes samples were collected for histological (H&E staining), biochemical (serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, creatinine, and urea), and hematological analyses. Results Results revealed severe anemia and leukopenia in rats that received Busulfan via IP. By contrast, injection of 5 mg/kg Busulfan via IT did not cause anemia except with a mild decrease in RBC count. Non-significant differences in the M/E ratio were observed in all groups. The administration of 40 mg/kg of Busulfan led to evacuation and destruction in the spermatogenesis process with thin-walled seminiferous epithelium in most tubules, but in rats treated with 10 mg/kg of Busulfan, the normal spermatogenesis process was notified. IT injection of Busulfan contributed to the complete degradation of spermatogenesis in which all spermatogenic cells degenerated. In the renal tissue, hyperemia, extensive tubular necrosis degeneration, and hyaline casts were found after IP injection of Busulfan. In hepatic tissue, focal hemorrhagic, chronic cholangitis, and hepatocyte degeneration, and swelling were noticed. Biochemical analysis revealed apparent Busulfan toxicity of both hepatic and renal tissues in IP Busulfan-treated rats. Conclusions In summary, we found that the intratesticular injection of low doses of Busulfan (5 mg/kg) is a relatively non-invasive and safe method for producing the rat azoospermia model causing the least toxicity on vital organs

The Incidence of Intravascular Needle Entrance during Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block Injection

<p><strong><em>Background and aims</em></strong><strong><em>.</em></strong> Dentists administer thousands of local anesthetic<sup> </sup>injections every day. Injection to a highly vascular area such as pterygomandibular space during an inferior alveolar nerve block has a high risk of intravascular needle entrance. Accidental intravascular injection of local anesthetic agent with vasoconstrictor may result in cardiovascular and central nervous system toxicity, as well as tachycardia and hypertension. There are reports that indicate aspiration is not performed in every injection. The aim of the present study was to assess the incidence of intravascular needle entrance in inferior alveolar nerve block injections.</p> <p><strong><em>Materials and methods. </em></strong>Three experienced oral and maxillofacial surgeons performed 359 inferior alveolar nerve block injections using direct or indirect techniques, and reported the results of aspiration. Aspirable syringes and 27 gauge long needles were used, and the method of aspiration was similar in all cases. Data were analyzed using <em>t</em>-test.</p> <p><strong><em>Results</em></strong><strong>.</strong> 15.3% of inferior alveolar nerve block injections were aspiration positive. Intravascular needle entrance was seen in 14.2% of cases using direct and 23.3% of cases using indirect block injection techniques. Of all injections, 15.8% were intravascular on the right side and 14.8% were intravascular on the left. There were no statistically significant differences between direct or indirect block injection techniques (P = 0.127) and between right and left injection sites (P = 0.778).</p> <p><strong><em>Conclusion.</em></strong> According to our findings, the incidence of intravascular needle entrance during inferior alveolar nerve block injection was relatively high. It seems that technique and maneuver of injection have no considerable effect in incidence of intravascular needle entrance. </p&gt

The Relationship between Serum Bimarkers with the Results of Down Syndrome Screening and Fetal Karyotype in High Risk Pregnant Women: Relationship Some serum biochemical markers with the results of first trimester Down syndrome screening

AbstractIntroduction: Considering the many problems of a child with Down syndrome, early diagnosis allows parents to prepare for the birth and care of these children or to suggest termination of pregnancy. This study aimed to investigate associations between serum levels of folic acid and Superoxide dismutase (SOD1) with the results of the first trimester Down syndrome screening and fetal karyotype in high-risk pregnant women.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 232 women with high-risk pregnancies who had positive Down syndrome screening and undergone amniocentesis were selected through purposive sampling at the gestational age of 14-20 weeks. After obtaining an informed written consent form, the questionnaires related to the research were filled and the information on NT ultrasound and biochemical screening tests was extracted from the patients’ files. We measured serum levels of folic acid and SOD1 in all participants using the ELISA method. Statistical analysis was done by applying a multivariate logistic regression model by backward strategy. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test was utilized for better goodness of fit for the logistic regression model. In this study, p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: In our study, 97% of participants consumed folic acid, serum level measurements revealed, 6.9% of participants had low folic acid levels, and 5.6% of Down syndrome positive screenings had a positive karyotype. The mean (SD) serum levels of superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD-1) measured in the present study in the participants was 297.40 (75.55) U/ml. There were no significant relationship between serum levels of folic acid [odds ratio (OR) (95% CI): 0.125 (0.001 to 31.42); P=0.461] and SOD1 levels [OR (95% CI): 0.99 (0.976 to 1.01); P=0.799] with fetal karyotype results (P>0.05).Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that serum folic acid and SOD1 concentration is not the predictive markers of Down syndrome karyotype in high-risk pregnant women who have positive Down syndrome screening through a double marker test

Melatonin blunted the angiogenic activity in 3D colon cancer tumoroids by the reduction of endocan

Abstract Background Complexity and heterogeneity of the tumor niche are closely associated with the failure of therapeutic protocols. Unfortunately, most data have been obtained from conventional 2D culture systems which are not completely comparable to in vivo microenvironments. Reconstructed 3D cultures composed of multiple cells are valid cell-based tumor models to recapitulate in vivo-like interaction between the cancer cells and stromal cells and the oncostatic properties of therapeutics. Here, we aimed to assess the tumoricidal properties of melatonin on close-to-real colon cancer tumoroids in in vitro conditions. Methods Using the hanging drop method, colon cancer tumoroids composed of three cell lines, including adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells, fibroblasts (HFFF2), and endothelial cells (HUVECs) at a ratio of 2: 1: 1, respectively were developed using 2.5% methylcellulose. Tumoroids were exposed to different concentrations of melatonin, from 0.005 to 0.8 mM and 4 to 10 mM, for 48 h. The survival rate was measured by MTT and LDH leakage assays. Protein levels of endocan and VEGF were assessed using western blotting. Using histological examination (H & E) staining, the integrity of cells within the tumoroid parenchyma was monitored. Results Despite the reduction of viability rate in lower doses, the structure of tumoroids remained unchanged. In contrast, treatment of tumoroids with higher doses of melatonin, 4 and 10 mM, led to disaggregation of cells and reduction of tumoroid diameter compared to the non-treated control tumoroids (p  0.05). Conclusions Melatonin can exert its tumoricidal properties on colon cancer tumoroids via the reduction of tumor cell viability and inhibition of the specific pro-angiogenesis factor