3 research outputs found
MaskTune: Mitigating Spurious Correlations by Forcing to Explore
A fundamental challenge of over-parameterized deep learning models is
learning meaningful data representations that yield good performance on a
downstream task without over-fitting spurious input features. This work
proposes MaskTune, a masking strategy that prevents over-reliance on spurious
(or a limited number of) features. MaskTune forces the trained model to explore
new features during a single epoch finetuning by masking previously discovered
features. MaskTune, unlike earlier approaches for mitigating shortcut learning,
does not require any supervision, such as annotating spurious features or
labels for subgroup samples in a dataset. Our empirical results on biased
MNIST, CelebA, Waterbirds, and ImagenNet-9L datasets show that MaskTune is
effective on tasks that often suffer from the existence of spurious
correlations. Finally, we show that MaskTune outperforms or achieves similar
performance to the competing methods when applied to the selective
classification (classification with rejection option) task. Code for MaskTune
is available at https://github.com/aliasgharkhani/Masktune.Comment: Accepted to NeurIPS 202
Paecilomyces formosus Infection in an Adult Patient with Undiagnosed Chronic Granulomatous Disease
High-Frequency (30 MHz–6 GHz) Breast Tissue Characterization Stabilized by Suction Force for Intraoperative Tumor Margin Assessment
A gigahertz (GHz) range antenna formed by a coaxial probe has been applied for sensing cancerous breast lesions in the scanning platform with the assistance of a suction tube. The sensor structure was a planar central layer and a metallic sheath of size of 3 cm2 connected to a network analyzer (keySight FieldFox N9918A) with operational bandwidth up to 26.5 GHz. Cancer tumor cells have significantly higher water content (as a dipolar molecule) than normal breast cells, changing their polarization responses and dielectric losses to incoming GHz-based stimulation. Principal component analysis named S11, related to the dispersion ratio of the input signal, is used as a parameter to identify malignant tumor cells in a mouse model (in vivo) and tumor specimens of breast cancer patients (in vitro) (both central and marginal parts). The results showed that S11 values in the frequency range from 5 to 6 GHz were significantly higher in cancer-involved breast lesions. Histopathological analysis was the gold standard for achieving the S11 calibration to distinguish normal from cancerous lesions. Our calibration on tumor specimens presented 82% positive predictive value (PPV), 100% negative predictive value (NPV), and 86% accuracy. Our goal is to apply this system as an in vivo non-invasive tumor margin scanner after further investigations in the future