The Study of Increasing Shelf-Life of Meat by Using Nanocellulose-Chitosan Composite Film Obtained from Agricultural By-Products

Background: This research was conducted to design a bionanocomposite film for meat packaging with regard to environmental aspects. Methods: Cellulose nanoparticles (CNPs) were used as nano-reinforcing factors were generated using non-edible agricultural by-products. The bionanocomposite film which was recently developed contains CNPs and chitosan (CS); then, the nanocomposites were explored via SEM, FTIR, agar disc diffusion tests and X-ray crystallography (XRD). Finally, the film was used to pack meat pieces. Results: Investigation of the morphological and physical reports of the solid films indicated that the CNPs are well scattered in bionanocomposite film. The addition of CNPs within a CS improved Young’s modulus by about 12135% and the tensile strength by 583%. In addition, XRD photographs indicated that CNP peak appeared after being added to CS context. Antimicrobial activity demonstrated that nanocomposites exerted restrictive effect on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Using CS-nanocellulose composite as a packing film on meat surface leads to decreasing bacteria growth compared to nylon packing materials at 4˚C after 8 days of storage. Conclusion: Findings indicated that the recently designed CNP-CS films are a better replacement for common food packaging substances

Investigation of Combination Effect of Magnesium Oxide and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on the Growth And Morphology of the Bacteria Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia Coli in Juice

Introduction: Nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the antibacterial substances, among them nanoparticles type MgO and Fe2O3 are less toxic to mammalian cells. So, the aim of this study was investigation of combination effects of iron oxide and magnesium oxide nanoparticles on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (E.coli) to achieve the optimum combination of nanoparticles inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in food (juice). Methods: In this experimental research, the effect of MgO and Fe2O3 Nanoparticles compound on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria in liquid environment was investigated, and then their effect was investigated separately in juices of carrot, pomegranate and apple via colony count approach. Also, scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the morphological changes of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli after antimicrobial treatments. The results of the research were analyzed using one way ANNOVA. Results: The results of the research indicated that in liquid medium, these nanoparticles lead to reduce the growth of both bacteria. compound of 1.5Mg+0.5Fe2O3 was introduced as the most appropriate antibacterial compounds; Staphylococcus aureus sensitivity to Escherichia coli was higher against nanoparticles. The findings of research about the juices revealed that the combined effect of nanoparticles reduced the growth of both bacteria. the combined effect of Fe2o3 and MgO nanoparticles treatments distorted and damaged the cell membrane, resulting in a leakage of intracellular contents and eventually the death of bacterial cells. Conclusion: Nanoparticles in the allowed concentrations have significant effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria

Antibacterial Activities of Copper Oxide (CuO) Nanoparticles in Combination With Nisin and Ultrasound Against Foodborne Pathogens

Background and Aims: Recently inorganic nano materials characterized with high level thermal stability and new physical and chemical properties were considered for antimicrobial therapy. One of the important feature of nanoparticles is their antimicrobial activity against bacteria and food borne pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate antibacterial activities of copper oxide nanoparticles in combination with nisin and ultrasound against foodborne pathogens. Materials and Methods: The antibacterial properties of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NP) were investigated alone or in combination with other antimicrobials (nisin and ultrasound stimulation) against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in culture media and milk. Also effect of nanoparticle were investigated by scanning electron microscopy individually and combination of CuO and Nisin on morpholohy of S. aureus and E. coli bacteria. Results: The results show that there was an increasing synergistic effect between CuO NP in combination with nisin. However, the addition of ultrasound stimulation to CuO NP did not enhance the antibacterial activity of CuO. The results show that combined effect of copper oxide nanoparticles and nisin in milk medium were reduced the growth of bacteria. Also the results of the SEM were revealed that CuO nanoparticles and nisin leads to significant change in cell morphology and membrane integrity on bacteria and could be the cause of cell death. Conclusions: Copper oxide nanoparticles and nisin with regard to the allowed concentration, have a significant effect on the bacteria and perhaps they can be used in food industry, pharmaceutical can be used

Determination of Lactate Dehydrogenase Serum Levels in Patients with COVID-2019 and the Factors Affecting Their Mortality in Chabahar, Iran (2021)

Background and Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to organ failure by the occurrence of mechanisms such as increased thrombosis and, subsequently, increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). This study was conducted to determine LDH serum levels in COVID-19 patients and the factors affecting their mortality. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 212 patients (57 males and 155 females) with COVID-19 with a mean age of 49.19±10.6 referring to Imam Ali Hospital in Chabahar, Iran during 2021. After obtaining patients’ informed consent and demographic information, the heparinized peripheral blood sample was taken from them. The LHD levels were determined using an autoanalyzer. Results: Twenty-nine (13.67%) patients died. The mean LDH serum level of 29 deceased patients (708.420±96.25 U/L) was not statistically significant compared to survivors (640.360±96.80 U/L in 183). The comparison between the surviving and deceased groups showed that 25% of the deceased patients were hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU), and 90.90% of the survivors were hospitalized in the internal ward (P<0.05). All the deceased and 85.85% of the survivors were 40 years old and above, and this difference was not statistically significant. Furthermore, 24.56% of the deceased were male, 90.32% of the survivors were female (P<0.05), 22.72% of the deceased had a university education, and 88.69% of the survivors had a diploma or under-diploma education (P<0.05), and 71.42% of the deceased patients had thin, and 91.37% of the survivors were overweight (P<0.05). Conclusion: There was no difference in the LDH serum levels of the COVID-19 survivors and deceased. The age of 40 years and above, lean and morbidly obese body mass indices, male gender, and the need for hospitalization in the ICU were determined as risk factors

A review on tissue engineering scaffolds and their function in regenerative medicine

&nbsp;One of the challenges that medical sciences has long been facing is to find the best therapeutic method for the damaged tissues. The main purpose of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is the development of biological implant or engineered tissues to repair, regenerate or replace the damaged tissue and maintain the organ function. At the moment, a lot of research has been done in the field of nanotechnology on the application of nanomaterials in medicine, because the surface of these nanomaterials increases with decreasing their size with change or increases in effect concommitantly. In recent decades, the production of medical textiles (Including nano fibers) has been provided good services to the regenerative medicine. In the field of biomedical applications, it is often necessary to combine biological and medical sciences with materials science and engineering. One of the most important application of tissue engineering is the usage of nanofiber matrix as scaffolds for the cell growth and proliferation. In this paper, various types of engineered scaffolds and their functions have been presented and evaluated. &nbsp

The SNP rs3746444 within mir-499a is associated with breast cancer risk in Iranian population

Objective Our study aimed to evaluate the possible association between hsa-mir-499a (rs3746444 A>G) polymorphism and susceptibility to breast cancer in an Isfahanian population. Materials &amp; methods In this case–control study we enrolled 91 healthy subjects and patients with breast cancer. Allele-specific primer PCR was applied for genotyping the SNP. Results Our study showed that the hsa-mir-499a rs3746444 G allele increased the risk of breast cancer regarding to allele frequency differences (OR: 1.922; 95% CI: 1.064–3.470; p = 0.02952) and Armitage's trend test (OR: 1.722; p = 0.04732) in comparison with the A allele. In addition, an in silico attempt to find functional consequences of A>G substation suggested that the G allele may decrease hsa-mir-499a stability based on calculated free energy differences between A and G alleles. Conclusion Our findings illustrated that the mir-499a rs3746444 G polymorphism is associated with higher risk of developing breast cancer in Isfahanian population

Combined effects of zinc oxide nanoparticle and malic acid to inhibit Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Background and Aim: The prevalence of food-borne pathogens has been to draw public attention to food safety. Therefore, it needs to design and production of new antimicrobial agents to ensure food safety and increase food storage. Aim to this study was combined effects of zinc oxide nanoparticle and malic acid to inhibit Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and Methods: The study was experimental. Antibacterial activities were tested for different concentrations of zinc oxide suspensions containing %0.2 malic acid against the Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus inoculated onto culture media and carrot juice. Results: Results showed that Zinc oxide Nanoparticle (NP) suspensions (0, 1, 3, 5 and 8) containing malic acid had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of E. coli and S. aureus during 24 h of incubation. Also results indicated that the 5 and 8 mM suspensions of ZnO Nanoparticle containing malic acid were the most effective on E. coli and S. aureus (P values <0.05). In addition, the obtained results exhibited that addition ZnO Nanoparticle to malic acid increased inhibitory effects on the growth of all strains in during 24h. The zinc oxide NP in suspension malic acid had preferred the ability to suppress the growth of E. coli and S. aureus in carrot juice (P values <0.05). Conclusions: It seems, formulations containing zinc oxide Nanoparticle may be used for food storage

Antibacterial activity of nickel and nickel hydroxide nanoparticles against multidrug resistance K. pneumonia and E. coli isolated urinary tract

Objective(s): Antibacterial materials are so significant in the textile industry, water disinfection, medicine, and food packaging. Unfortunately, organic compounds for sterilization show toxicity to the human body; therefore, the interest in inorganic disinfectants such as metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) is increasing. Materials and Methods: Nickel and nickel hydroxide nanoparticles (NiNPs and Ni(OH)2-NPs) were prepared and characterized by DLS, SEM, AFM and ATR. Antibacterial activity assay was carried by Spot on lawn method against two selected standard pathogenic bacteria such as E. coli (as Gram negative), S. aureus (as Gram positive) and multidrug resistance K. pneumonia and E. coli. Also the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined against two selected standard pathogenic bacteria and multidrug resistance K. pneumonia and E. coli. Results: The formation of the NiNPs and Ni(OH)2-NPs were confirmed by DLS, SEM, AFM and ATR. Antibacterial activity of nanoparticles were confirmed against two selected standard pathogenic bacteria such as E. coli and S. aureus. And also, NiNPs and Ni(OH)2-NPs revealed fair antibacterial effect against multidrug resistance K. pneumonia and E. coli based on MIC and MBC data. As well, the experimental data presented that the antibacterial activity of NiNPs was more than Ni(OH)2-NPs. Conclusion: Based on the achieved results, NiNPs and Ni(OH)2-NPs show antibacterial activity against clinical patients bacteria (multidrug resistance K. pneumonia and E. coli(. Finally, the NPs evaluated in this study have promising properties for applications as antiseptic agent for environment; however, further studies are warranted such as study toxicity NPs on normal human cell line and other clinical bacteria