ROS Regulation Mechanism for Mitigation of Abiotic Stress in Plants

Plants respond to various stresses during their lifecycle among which abiotic stress is the most severe one comprising heat, cold, drought, salinity, flooding, etc. which take a heavy toll on crop yield worldwide in every corresponding year. ROS has a dual role in abiotic stress mechanisms where, at high levels, they are toxic to cells while at the same time, the same molecule can function as a signal transducer that activates a local as well as a systemic plant defense response against stress. The most common ROS species are Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Superoxide anions (O2-), Hydroxyl radicals (OH-), and Singlet oxygen (1O2) which are results of physiological metabolism often controlled by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems. ROS generally accumulate in plants during abiotic and biotic stress conditions resulting in oxidative damage which ultimately leads to programmed cell death. Many ROS scavenging pathways have been well studied against stress responses. Through careful manipulation of ROS levels in plants, we can enhance stress tolerance in plants under unfavorable environmental conditions. This chapter presents an overview of ROS regulation in plants and the essential enzymes involved in the abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms which are thoroughly discussed below

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Serological & molecular diagnostics of potato pathogens

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Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction and its uses in Diagnostics

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Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (Lamp) Assay: Principles and Applications

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Chaetomium globosum KPC3: An antagonistic fungus against the potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis

Not AvailableThe potato cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis) is one of the most economically important pests of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), causing significant economic losses worldwide. The identification of biocontrol agents for the sustainable management of G. rostochiensis is crucial. In this study, a potential biocontrol agent, Chaetomium globosum KPC3, was identified based on sequence analysis of the DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-?) gene, and the second largest subunit of the RNA polymerase II (RPB2) gene. The pathogenicity test of C. globosum KPC3 against cysts and second-stage juveniles (J2s) revealed that fungus mycelium fully parasitized the cyst after 72 h of incubation. The fungus was also capable of parasitizing the eggs inside the cysts. The culture filtrate of C. globosum KPC3 caused 98.75% mortality in J2s of G. rostochiensis after 72 h of incubation. The pot experiments showed that the combined application of C. globosum KPC3 as a tuber treatment at a rate of 1 lit kg-1 of tubers and a soil application at a rate of 500 ml kg-1 of farm yard manure (FYM) resulted in significantly lesser reproduction of G. rostochiensis compared to the rest of the treatments. Altogether, C. globosum KPC3 has the potential to be used as a biocontrol agent against G. rostochiensis and can be successfully implemented in integrated pest management programs

Impact of Climate Change on Host-Pathogen Interacons and its Implicaons on Crop Disease

Not AvailableNatural and human activities have increased the greenhouse emissions and st it will continue to boost global temperature in the 21 century. In this paper, we discuss the profound impact of climate on plant diseases — if the climatic conditions are not favourable to disease, a vulnerable host will not be infected by a virulent pathogen. Variable concentrations of CO , temperature, and availability 2 of water may induce positive, neutral, or negative effects on disease development. Nevertheless, the basic concept of interactions of host-pathogen-environment may theoretically be applied to all pathosystems. Environmental factors also inuence different pathways of plant resistance viz., pathogen pattern-triggered immunity, effector-triggered immunity, RNA interference, and other networks of defence-related hormones. On the pathogen hand, temperature and humidity affect the processes of virulence, such as the development of toxins and virulence proteins, as well as reproduction and survival of pathogenic substances. Most of the laboratory works so far conducted on molecular-level plant-pathogen interactions focused on a few well-established pathosystems and static environmental conditions that represent just a fraction of the whole gamut of complex plant-pathogen-environmental interactions that occur in nature. To address the impacts of climate change on host plant resistance, the future work is urgently required to understand the complex plant-pathogen interactions under variable environmental conditions to understand the multidimensional nature of the interactions and develop climate-ready disease-resistant crop plants.Not Availabl

Climate Change and Indian Agriculture: Challenges and Adaptation Strategies

Not AvailableNoNatural and human activities have increased the greenhouse emissions and st it will continue to boost global temperature in the 21 century. In this paper, we discuss the profound impact of climate on plant diseases — if the climatic conditions are not favourable to disease, a vulnerable host will not be infected by a virulent pathogen. Variable concentrations of CO , temperature, and availability 2 of water may induce positive, neutral, or negative effects on disease development. Nevertheless, the basic concept of interactions of host-pathogen-environment may theoretically be applied to all pathosystems. Environmental factors also int AvailableDirector ICAR-NAARM Hyderabad - 500 03