«C’est de l’eau»: la canción francófona, una herramienta eficaz en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la lengua francesa

[EN] This article reflects the results of a study based on using french songs in high school French foreign language class, to improve the listening skill and to introduce French culture through a live, real and motivating tool. In order to achieve this goal, we use a corpus of french songs and specifically tailored worksheets adapted to learning content and skills that students should acquire during the course. In this research, firstly, we determine the student´s level through a pre-test, then we detected the change occurred into his level, after applying this method, through a post-test. Finally, we compare the change in the results of our students with the results of another group of students not submitted to this method. Furthermore, we show a sample of the work accomplished during research sessions represented in the song «C’est de l’eau» performed by the group Les Enfantastiques.[ES] Este articulo explica los resultados de un estudio que está basado en el uso de la canción francófona en la clase de francés lengua extranjera con el alumnado de secundaria para mejorar la competencia de comprensión auditiva e introducir la cultura francesa mediante un instrumento vivo, real y motivador. Para ello, usamos un corpus de canciones francófonas, con fichas pedagógicas elaborado y adaptado específicamente al aprendizaje de los contenidos y destrezas que deben adquirir los aprendices en este curso. La investigación consiste al principio en determinar el nivel del alumnado antes de la intervención con un pre-test y luego, detectar el cambio producido en esta competencia tras la intervención con un post-test. Además se le pasó un cuestionario al alumnado para que expresase su opinión sobre este método. Al final comparamos este cambio producido en los resultados con los resultados de otro grupo no sometido al tratamiento. Por otro lado, presentamos una muestra del trabajo realizado durante las sesiones de la investigación mediante la canción «C’est de l’eau» del grupo Les enfantastiques.[FR] Cet article explique les résultats d’une étude basée sur l’utilisation de la chanson française en cours de français langue étrangère aux étudiants de l’enseignement secondaire pour améliorer les compétences de compréhension orale et introduire la culture française à travers un outil vivant, réel et motivant. Pour cette fin, nous utilisons un corpus de chansons avec des fiches pédagogiques adaptées spécialement au contenu et aux compétences d’apprentissage à acquérir par les étudiants. En premier lieu, nous avons déterminé le niveau des étudiants avec un pré-test, puis on a détecté le changement qui s’est produit après l’intervention avec un post-test et en plus, avec un questionnaire détaillé adressé aux étudiants. En deuxième lieu, on a comparé ce changement dans les résultats de nos étudiants avec les résultats d’un autre groupe non soumis au traitement. D’autre part, nous montrons un échantillon du travail effectué au cours des sessions de recherche représenté dans la chanson «C’est de l’eau» interprété par le groupe Les EnfantastiquesMamdouh-Ganem, M. (2017). «C’est de l’eau»: la canción francófona, una herramienta eficaz en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la lengua francesa. En Palabras e imaginarios del agua. Les mots et les imaginaires de léau. XXV coloquio AFUE. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 141-152. https://doi.org/10.4995/XXVColloqueAFUE.2016.2914OCS14115

La canción francófona: una herramienta eficaz en la enseñanzaaprendizaje del francés lengua extranjera

Fecha de lectura de Tesis Doctoral: 9 de mayo de 2019.La comprensión oral es un paso fundamental de la comunicación, considerada como uno de los principales objetivos en el aprendizaje de un idioma. Para desarrollar las habilidades de la comprensión oral de los estudiantes, el profesor puede utilizar canciones, que no solamente permiten entrenar el oído del estudiante en la escucha del idioma extranjero, sino también tomar conciencia de ciertos aspectos fonéticos y de aspectos culturales. En las siguientes líneas, el investigador presenta un resumen de un estudio basado en el uso de la canción francófona en la clase de francés lengua extranjera con alumnado de secundaria para mejorar la competencia de comprensión auditiva e introducir la cultura francesa mediante un instrumento vivo, real y motivador. También, pretende mostrar los problemas que conllevan esta investigación, sus procedimientos, resultados y recomendaciones. Para ello, usamos un corpus de canciones francófonas, con fichas pedagógicas elaborado y adaptado específicamente al aprendizaje de los contenidos y destrezas que deben adquirir los aprendices en este curso. La investigación consiste al principio en determinar el nivel del alumnado antes de la intervención con un pre-test y luego, detectar el cambio producido en esta competencia tras la intervención con un post-test. Además se le pasó un cuestionario al alumnado para que expresase su opinión sobre este método. Al final comparamos este cambio producido en los resultados con los resultados de otro grupo no sometido al tratamiento. En el primer capítulo hablamos de la comprensión oral como un elemento esencial en el dominio de una lengua extranjera. Afirmábamos que el objetivo principal de la enseñanza de la comprensión auditiva es entrenar los oídos de los estudiantes con el fin de que tengan mayor confianza en su comprensión del idioma extranjero y de que sean, progresivamente, más autónomos en su aprendizaje

AN IN-VITRO COMPARISON OF THE RETENTION OF PREFABRICATED PARALLEL-SIDED VENTED TITANIUM POSTS CEMENTED WITH THREE DIFFERENT DUAL-POLYMERIZABLE RESIN CEMENTS

AbstractAN IN-VITRO COMPARISON OF THE RETENTION OF PREFABRICATED PARALLEL-SIDED VENTED TITANIUM POSTS CEMENTED WITH THREE DIFFERENT DUAL-POLYMERIZABLE RESIN CEMENTSBy Maha M. El-Sayed, B.D.S., D.M.D.A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University.Virginia Commonwealth University, 2003Thesis Director: David R. Burns, D.M.D. Associate Professor and Program DirectorGraduate ProsthodonticsDepartment of ProsthodonticsPurpose: The purpose of this in-vitro study was to compare the retentive strength of an autopolymerizing resin cement to three dual-polymerizable resin cements when used to cement paraposts without light activation and to relate diametral tensile stress and hardness as a measure of the degree of polymerization to the retentive strength of the different dual-polymerizable resin cements. Material and methods: 60 human extracted premolar teeth were endodontically-treated and randomly divided into 4 test groups (n=15). Parapost XP posts (size 5) were cemented using Panavia 21(control), Panavia F, RelyX Unicem and Linkmax resin cements. The latter three cements were dual-polymerizable and were not light-activated, and the control cement was autopolymerizable. Also, 140 resin cement samples were fabricated for diametral tensile stress and Knoop hardness testing. Each test had 70 samples, 10 of each of the following groups: Panavia 21, Panavia F light-activated, Panavia F autopolymerized, RelyX Unicem light-activated, RelyX Unicem autopolymerized, Linkmax light-activated, Linkmax autopolymerized. Post retention, diametral tensile stress and surface hardness tests were performed 1 week after sample fabrication or post cementation.Results: ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer statistical analysis revealed significant differences among the test groups for the three tests. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, tested dual-polymerization resin cements had similar or superior parapost retention to the control autopolymerizing resin cement without photoactivation. Dual-polymerizable resin cements had improved diametral tensile stress and surface hardness when light-activated than when autopolymerized. No correlation was observed between surface hardness and diametral tensile stress or between the tested physical properties of the resin cements and their retentive qualitie

The association between different blood group systems and susceptibility to COVID-19: a single center cross-sectional study from Saudi Arabia

Background: Since the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic, many associated factors have been investigated to clarify the susceptibility and severity among the affected individuals. Biological markers can play an important role in identification of individual susceptibility to such pandemic. Growing evidence suggest the influence of different blood group systems on susceptibility to COVID-19 virus, with a particular blood type conferring selection advantage. Objectives: The study aimed to determine the association of ABO, Rhesus (D) and P1 blood groups with COVID-19 susceptibility in Taif city, Western Saudi Arabia. Methods: ABO, D and P1 blood antigens were determined in 104 blood samples of COVID-19 patients versus 100 control samples using either automated immunohematology analyser or test tube method. Statistical differences between patients and control samples were calculated based on p-value where results of ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. Results: O+ve blood group constituted the predominant type among the studied samples. Determination of P1 antigen showed significant association where Anti-P1 was positive in 76.9% of patients compared to 61.0% of controls with a P value of 0.01 conferring the susceptibility of P1+ve patients to COVID-19. Conclusion: Although our study showed no significant association between ABO and D, and susceptibility to COVID-19, there was a significant association between P1+ve and COVID-19. P1+ve participants were 2.131 times more associated with the risk of COVID-19 infection than those with Anti P1-ve. Thus, P1 antigen can be used as a biological marker for identification of individuals susceptibility to COVID-19. It is strongly advised that such individuals should consider extra protective measures.Further studies on other contributing factors should also be considered for more scientific clarity. Keywords: ABO Blood group; Rh(D); P1 antigen, COVID-19

Cosm-nutraceutical nanovesicles for acne treatment : physicochemical characterization and exploratory clinical experimentation

The full exploration of the ‘nutraceuticals’ therapeutic potential in cosmetics has been hindered by their poor stratum corneum permeation. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to formulate a nutraceutical; quercetin, in novel vitamin C based nanovesicles (aspasomes), and to explore their beneficial effects in the treatment of acne. Aspasomes were characterized for their particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency (EE%), 3-months storage stability, skin deposition/permeation, antioxidant potential, and morphology. Aspasomes antibacterial efficacy on 'Propionibacterium acnes' using the zone of inhibition assay was also tested, whilst their safety on skin fibroblastic cells was assessed in vitro using 3T3 CCL92 cell lines. An exploratory clinical trial was conducted in acne patients, and the percentage reduction of inflammatory, non-inflammatory and total acne lesions was taken as the evaluation criterion. Results revealed that quercetin-loaded aspasomes displayed a desirable nanometer size (125–184 nm), negative charge with good storage stability, and high skin deposition reaching 40%. Aspasomes managed to preserve the antioxidant activity of quercetin, and exhibited a significantly higher antibacterial effect (15 ± 1.53 mm) against 'Propionibacterium acnes' than quercetin alone (8.25 ± 2.08 mm), and were safe on skin fibroblastic cells. Upon clinical examination in 20 acne patients (14 females, 6 males), quercetin aspasomes exhibited reduction percentages of 77.9%, 11.8% and 55.3% for inflammatory lesions, comedones and total lesions respectively. This opens vast applications of the presented formulation in the treatment of other oxidative skin diseases, and delineates the nutraceuticals and nanoformulations prepared from natural materials as promising dermatological treatment modes

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

PROPUESTA PARA LA MEJORA DE LA COMPRESIÓN AUDITIVA EN EL PROCESO DE ENSEÑANZA-APRENDIZAJE DEL FRANCÉS LENGUA EXTRANJERA

La comprensión oral es un paso fundamental de la comunicación, considerada como uno de los principales objetivos en el aprendizaje de un idioma. Para desarrollar las habilidades de la comprensión oral de los estudiantes, el profesor puede utilizar canciones, que no solamente permiten entrenar el oído  del estudiante  en la escucha del idioma extranjero, sino también tomar conciencia de ciertos aspectos fonéticos y de aspectos culturales. En las siguientes líneas, el investigador presenta un resumen de un estudio basado en el uso de la canción francófona  en la clase de francés lengua extranjera con alumnado de secundaria para mejorar la competencia de comprensión auditiva e introducir la  cultura francesa mediante un instrumento vivo, real y motivador. También mostrar los problemas que conlleva esta investigación, sus procedimientos, resultados y recomendaciones. Por otro lado, el presente documento detalla el trabajo realizado durante una de las sesiones de la investigación mediante la audición y el uso pedagógico de la canción “Laissons-les rêver” del cantante francés John Mamann