Psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU)

Abstract Background It is recommended that critically ill patients undergo routine delirium monitoring with a valid and reliable tool such as the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU). However, the validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the CAM-ICU has not been investigated. Here, we test the validity and reliability of the Arabic CAM-ICU. Methods We conducted a psychometric study at ICUs in a tertiary-care hospital in Saudi Arabia. We recruited consecutive adult Arabic-speaking patients, who had stayed in the ICU for at least 24 hours, and had a Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) score ≥ − 2 at examination. Two well-trained examiners (ICU nurse and intensivist) independently assessed delirium in eligible patients with the Arabic CAM-ICU. Evaluations by the two examiners were compared with psychiatrist blind clinical assessment of delirium according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Subgroup analyses were conducted for age, invasive mechanical ventilation, and gender. Results We included 108 patients (mean age: 62.6 ± 17.6; male: 51.9%), of whom 37% were on invasive mechanical ventilation. Delirium was diagnosed in 63% of enrolled patients as per the psychiatrist clinical assessment. The Arabic CAM-ICU sensitivity was 74% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.63–0.84) and 56% (95%CI = 0.44–0.68) for the ICU nurse and intensivist, respectively. Specificity was 98% (95%CI = 0.93–1.0) and 92% (95%CI = 0.84–1.0), respectively. Sensitivity was greater for mechanically-ventilated patients, women, and those aged ≥65 years. Specificity was greater for those aged < 65 years, non-mechanically-ventilated patients and men. The median duration to complete the Arabic CAM-ICU was 2 min (interquartile range, 2–3) and 4.5 min (IQR, 3–5) for the ICU nurse and intensivist, respectively. Inter-rater reliability (kappa) was 0.66. Conclusions The Arabic CAM-ICU demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity to assess delirium in Arabic-speaking ICU patients

Artificial intelligence-based fuzzy logic systems for predicting radiation protection awareness levels among university population

The present study aims to assess the knowledge level of radiation protection among individuals of Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University (PNU) using artificial intelligence baesd fuzzy logic system. This crosssectional study included 428 PNU participants. They were asked to fill in the online questionnaire, consisting of demographic data, education level, and radiation protection awareness. After informed consent was completed, a statistical package for the social sciences as well as fuzzy logic system was used for data analysis. The participant group consisted of 98.4% females, 96.3% individuals aged 18–28 years (the most common age group), 63.1% bachelor’s degree holders, and 65.7% medical participants. Specialty and radiation protection awareness exhibited significant association (P 0.05). PNU individuals in the medical field differed significantly (P > 0.05) with the non-medical individual in their knowledge of radiation protection. This study suggests that PNU individuals in the medical field have a reasonable awareness of radiation protection. However, the general knowledge of nonmedical individuals must be improved to raise awareness. Based on the obtained results by using fuzzy model, this study suggests that the tool can be used in the process of radiation protection awareness in other institutions and areas