Challenges of Solid Waste Disposal in Nigeria: A Review

Solid waste management is the most pressing environmental challenge faced by urban and rural areas not only in Nigeria but in many developing countries.Therefore, it has been the centre of discussion for most of the environmentalists and also for the local governing bodies. Wastes are being generated mainly from municipal land uses Efficient and effective waste management is best achieved at household levels. If every person gets involved, we can have a powerful effect on the environment in a positive way. By Reducing, Reusing other things like empty cans, Recycling the recyclables like paper and Rejecting unused items from the commercial like package of freezer instead of taking it home the amount of waste we generate in our environment can be minimize. Creating awareness on the strategies of waste management will go a long way in minimizing the problems of solid waste. Also the Government should strengthen the system for solid waste management i.e. by providing facilities such as waste bins at strategic places, human resources, vehicles, regular collection centres and use better disposal methods appropriately. Organic wastes can conveniently be composted.  The remaining waste that can not fit into any of the above steps; reduce, reuse, recycle and composting can be disposed properly using the most convenient method. This paper discussed different methods of solid waste disposal practiced in both developed and developing countries and their problems which pose several negative impacts on humans and the environment in general

Assessment Of Sachet Water Quality In Sokoto Metropolis

Sachet water is among the alternative drinking water among the diverse users in households, industries, ministries, hospitals, schools, restaurants, markets and other places around Sokoto metropolis. Thus, this study sought to assess the presence and the level of physicochemical, heavy metals and biological parameters found in the sachet water produced and consumed in the study area. Therefore, the samples used in the study were purchased randomly from five sampling location and analyzed using standard method of analysis. The results of the study were being subjected to; analysis of variance (ANOVA), descriptive statistics and homogeneous turkey HSD analysis. The ANOVA results showed that all the physicochemical and heavy metals analysed varied significantly at 95% level of significance except chloride (0.081), alkalinity (0.087), total dissolved solids (0.204) and cadmium (1.000) respectively while the descriptive statistics and homogeneous turkey analysis showed that all the physicochemical and heavy metals analysed are within the WHO standard for drinking water except alkalinity with (365.068 mg/l), fluoride (3.245 mg/l) and nitrate (26.405 mg/l) and Fe (9.243 mg/l), Cd (0.02 mg/l) and As (7.503 mg/l) as highest concentration respectively. The biological results reveal that the total coliform bacterial load in the water samples is within the WHO standard of 0-10 MPN index of coliform in 100 cm3 of the water sample. The overall results of the study indicates that the sachet water produced and consumed in the study area are safe and suitable for consumption as more than 70% of the parameters analysed conform with WHO standard for drinking water