Application of external ear morphometry in age prediction: a pilot study

Background: Information about age and sex that is obviously difficult to characterize can be derived from the shape of the ear which is an important but under-utilized defining feature of the head. The study aims at investigating the correlation between age and ear length, width and index for both left and right sides. The regression equation in estimation of age was formulated. Methods: A total of 219 subjects consisting of 137 males and 82 females were recruited among Bayero University students for the study. Ear length and width were measured using calibrated transparent ruler. Ear index was calculated as ear width/ ear length ×100. Pearson correlation was used to establish the relationship between age and external ear variables. The data was analysed using SPSS version 16 and P 0.05). Conclusions: A linear equation model for estimation of age from given ear dimension was developed. Ear morphometry can serve as an additional tool in the estimation of age of unknown individual.

Extadigits: an unusual presentation

Extra digit is a common congenital anomaly in our environment which usually affect the hands and occasionally the feet but very rarely both. A five months old male infant presented with accessory digits of the both hands and feet, with two extra digits on the left hand and one on the right hand, right foot and left foot. The extra digits were well developed, with normal range of motion, good capillary refill and intact sensation. General examination revealed an otherwise healthy child with no associated congenital malformations. The treatment modality used was surgical removal of the extra digits and reconstruction of any associated anomalies in the remaining ray such as longitudinal epiphyseal bracket. After the surgery the patients is no longer experience difficulty with fitting gloves and shoes as well as discrimination among peer groups in his future life

Fingerprint White Line Counts: An Upcoming Forensic Tool for Sex Determination

Abstract Fingerprints are one of the common forensic tools used in personal identification. However, the associated secondary epidermal creases of fingerprints, fingerprint white line count (FWLC), has received less attention within the forensic community. This study was conducted with an aim to determine the potential of FWLC in sex inference among adult Nigerians. A cross sectional study was carried out with 150 males and 150 females with age range of 18-30 and 18-33 years, respectively. Live scanner (Digita persona, China) was used to capture the plain fingerprint for FWLC. Mann Whitney, Kruskal Wallis and logistic regression analyses were employed for determination of digit variation (based on side and type), sexual dimorphism and prediction models, respectively. Likelihood ratio and posterior probability were used to determine the favour odd for sex inference from FWLC. A significant higher mean value of FWLC was observed in females (2.24 ± 2.03) compared to males (0.85 ± 1.29). Absence of white line was indicative of male origin in all the digits except for left index digit (favor odd of 0.72 for females and 0.29 for males). However, FWLC from 5 to 11 were more likely to be of female origin. The best discriminator of sex was the left FWLC with a percentage accuracy of discrimination of 72%. The percentage contribution of the left FWLC in the discrimination of the sexes was observed to range from 23.0 to 30.20%. The FWLC was found to be a potential predictor of sex among adult Nigerians of Hausa ethnic origin

Potential and Accuracy of Hand Length and Hand Breadth in Sex Determination: An Insight into Hausa Population of Nigeria

The identification of an individual in mass disasters and traffic accidents is a fundamental goal in forensic investigations. However, it is suggested that every population needs anthropological reference data. The objectives of this study were to determine the potential and accuracy of hand length and hand breadth in sex determination among the Hausa population of Nigeria. Random sampling was employed to select 204 male and 194 female subjects aged 18-30 years. Hand length and hand breadth were measured using standard protocols. Two-sample t-test, binary logistic regression, receiver operating characteristics curve, and Youden’s index were used for determining sex using hand dimensions. Posterior probability and likelihood ratio were used to determine the favor odds of each category of hand dimension in sex discrimination. A significant sexual dimorphism was observed in hand length and hand breadth with higher mean values in males. The variance of sex explained by hand parameters ranges from 38.50/51.35% (lower/upper limits) to 52.98/70.66%, which were exhibited by right hand length and left hand breadth respectively. The overall prediction and percentage accuracy of sex discrimination ranges between 80.40 to 86.70 % that were exhibited by right hand length and handbreadth respectively. We observed that left hand breadth exhibited higher Younden’s index with an area under curve (AUC) ranging from 91.60% to 96.05%. We found that hand length of > 189.99 mm was indicative of male origin and hand breadth of > 79.99 mm was indicative of male origin

Prediction of Nasolabial Distance using Thumbprint Ridge Density among the Hausa Population of Nigeria

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the potentials of thumbprint ridge count in the prediction of nasolabial facial distances among the Hausa population of Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in which a total of 457 subjects participated. Plain fingerprints were captured using a fingerprint scanner. Three areas, ulnar, radial and proximal were defined for determination of ridge counts. A photographic method was used to capture the facial images. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to measure the linear dependence between thumbprint ridge density and Nasolabial distances. Stepwise linear multiple regression analysis was used to predict nasolabial distances from thumbprint ridge density. SPSS statistical software version 20 was used for the statistical analysis and a p-value of < 0.05 was set as a level of significance. Results: Results showed that in males left proximal ridge count correlates negatively with nasal length, philtrum length, and upper lip length and mouth width. The upper lip length and nasal width correlate negatively with left ulnar ridge count and right radial ridge counts, respectively. A positive correlation was observed between ulnar ridge count with nasal length and lower vermilion width. In females, appositive correlation was observed only between lower vermilion width and left proximal ridge counts. Left proximal ridge counts predict most of the nasolabial distances in males. In females, only the left proximal ridge counts showed potential in the prediction of facial distances. Conclusion: The study concluded that the thumbprint correlates with facial distances of the nasolabial region. The proximal part of the thumbprint may respond to the same instruction in utero with the lower part of the face, hence leading to the prediction of nasolabial facial distances from the proximal ridge counts among the Hausa population of Nigeria

Sex determination using facial linear dimensions and angles among Hausa population of Kano State, Nigeria

The aim of the study was to determine sexual dimorphism as well as to predict sex using facial linear dimensions and angles among Hausas of Kano state Nigeria. A total of 283 subjects comprising 147 males and 136 females age range 18–25 years participated. Photographs methods were used to capture the face. Independent sample t-test was used to test for sex differences in the variables. Binary logistic regression was applied to obtain a predicting equation (BLR model) for sex. The predicted probabilities of BLR were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curve. The results showed that all the facial linear dimensions showed significance sexual dimorphism except interocular distance, upper facial width, philtrum length, lower vermilion width, left and right orbital width. With regards to sex prediction, upper facial height was the single best predictor of sex with an accuracy of 76.2% and 24–33% contribution to the prediction. However, the percentage accuracy increased to 91% when six variables were pooled together in the equations. For facial angles, only nasion and aperture modified angle did not show significant gender differences. However, in the variables with significant sexual dimorphism only nasomental angle showed a significant level of sex prediction with an accuracy of 70.3%. In conclusion, sex discrimination using facial linear dimensions and angles was well established in this study. The sex of an individual of Hausa ethnic group can be determined using facial linear dimensions. Dispite sexual dimorphsm shown by facial angles, only nasomental angle was good discriminator of sex