248 research outputs found
Sources of Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells Applicable for Musculoskeletal Applications - A Systematic Review of the Literature
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were first discovered by Friedenstein and his colleagues in 1976 from bone marrow. The unique property of these cells was their potential to develop into fibroblastic colony forming cells. Since Friedenstein’s discovery of these cells the interest in adult MSCs has been progressively growing. Nowadays MSCs are defined as undeveloped biological cells capable of proliferation, self renewal and regenerating tissues. All these properties of MSCs have been discovered in the past 35 years. MSCs can play a crucial role in tissue engineering, organogenesis, gene therapy, transplants as well as tissue injuries. These cells were mainly extracted from bone marrow but there have been additional sources for MSCs discovered in the laboratories including: muscle, dermis, trabecular bone, adipose tissue, periosteum, pericyte, blood, synovial membrane and so forth. The discovery of the alternative sources of MSCs helps widen the application of these cells in different areas of medicine. By way of illustration, they can be used in various therapeutic purposes such as tissue regeneration and repair in musculoskeletal diseases including osteonecrosis of femoral head, stimulating growth in children with osteogenesis imperfecta, disc regeneration, osteoarthritis and duchenne muscular dystrophy. In order to fully comprehend the characteristics and potential of MSCs future studies in this field are essential
Sources of Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells Applicable for Musculoskeletal Applications - A Systematic Review of the Literature
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were first discovered by Friedenstein and his colleagues in 1976 from bone marrow. The unique property of these cells was their potential to develop into fibroblastic colony forming cells. Since Friedenstein’s discovery of these cells the interest in adult MSCs has been progressively growing. Nowadays MSCs are defined as undeveloped biological cells capable of proliferation, self renewal and regenerating tissues. All these properties of MSCs have been discovered in the past 35 years. MSCs can play a crucial role in tissue engineering, organogenesis, gene therapy, transplants as well as tissue injuries. These cells were mainly extracted from bone marrow but there have been additional sources for MSCs discovered in the laboratories including: muscle, dermis, trabecular bone, adipose tissue, periosteum, pericyte, blood, synovial membrane and so forth. The discovery of the alternative sources of MSCs helps widen the application of these cells in different areas of medicine. By way of illustration, they can be used in various therapeutic purposes such as tissue regeneration and repair in musculoskeletal diseases including osteonecrosis of femoral head, stimulating growth in children with osteogenesis imperfecta, disc regeneration, osteoarthritis and duchenne muscular dystrophy. In order to fully comprehend the characteristics and potential of MSCs future studies in this field are essential
Viable models with non-universal gaugino mediated supersymmetry breaking
Recently, extra dimensional SUSY GUT models have been proposed in which
compactification of the extra dimension(s) leads to a breakdown of the gauge
symmetry and/or supersymmetry. We examine a particular class of
higher-dimensional models exhibiting supersymmetry and SU(5) or SO(10) GUT
symmetry. SUSY breaking occurs on a hidden brane, and is communicated to the
visible brane via gaugino mediation. Non-universal gaugino masses are developed
at the compactification scale as a consequence of a restricted gauge symmetry
on the hidden brane. In this case, the compactification scale is at or slightly
below the GUT scale. We examine the parameter space of such models where
gaugino masses are related due to a Pati-Salam symmetry on the hidden brane. We
find limited but significant regions of model parameter space where a viable
spectra of SUSY matter is generated. Our results are extended to the more
general case of three independent gaugino masses; here we find that large
parameter space regions open up for large values of the U(1) gaugino mass M_1.
We also find the relic density of neutralinos for these models to be generally
below expectations from cosmological observations, thus leaving room for hidden
sector states to make up the bulk of cold dark matter. Finally, we evaluate the
branching fraction BF(b -> s gamma) and muon anomalous magnetic moment a_\mu.Comment: 21 pages, 9 figure
Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Cell Surface Characterization - A Systematic Review of the Literature
Human adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were first identified by Friedenstein et al. when observing a group of cells that developed into fibroblastic colony forming cells (CFU-F). Ever since, the therapeutic uses and clinical applications of these cells have increased research and interest in this field. MSCs have the potential to be used in tissue engineering, gene therapy, transplants and tissue injuries. However, identifying these cells can be a challenge. Moreover, there are no articles bringing together and summarizing the cell surface markers of MSCs in adults. The purpose of this study is to summarize all the available information about the cell surface characterization of adult human MSCs by identifying and evaluating all the published literature in this field. We have found that the most commonly reported positive markers are CD105, CD90, CD44, CD73, CD29, CD13, CD34, CD146, CD106, CD54 and CD166. The most frequently reported negative markers are CD34, CD14, CD45, CD11b, CD49d, CD106, CD10 and CD31. A number of other cell surface markers including STRO-1, SH2, SH3, SH4, HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DR, HLA-I, DP, EMA, DQ (MHC Class II), CDIO5, Oct 4, Oct 4A, Nanog, Sox-2, TERT, Stat-3, fibroblast surface antigen, smooth muscle alpha-actin, vimentin, integrin subunits alpha4, alpha5, beta1, integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 and ICAM-1 have also been reported. Nevertheless, there is great discrepancy and inconsistency concerning the information available on the cell surface profile of adult MSCs and we suggest that further research is needed in this field to overcome the problem
Shadows of the Planck Scale: The Changing Face of Compactification Geometry
By studying the effects of the shape moduli associated with toroidal
compactifications, we demonstrate that Planck-sized extra dimensions can cast
significant ``shadows'' over low-energy physics. These shadows can greatly
distort our perceptions of the compactification geometry associated with large
extra dimensions, and place a fundamental limit on our ability to probe the
geometry of compactification simply by measuring Kaluza-Klein states. We also
discuss the interpretation of compactification radii and hierarchies in the
context of geometries with non-trivial shape moduli. One of the main results of
this paper is that compactification geometry is effectively renormalized as a
function of energy scale, with ``renormalization group equations'' describing
the ``flow'' of geometric parameters such as compactification radii and shape
angles as functions of energy.Comment: 7 pages, LaTeX, 2 figure
Kaluza-Klein States versus Winding States: Can Both Be Above the String Scale?
When closed strings propagate in extra compactified dimensions, a rich
spectrum of Kaluza-Klein states and winding states emerges. Since the masses of
Kaluza-Klein states and winding states play a reciprocal role, it is often
believed that either the lightest Kaluza-Klein states or the lightest winding
states must be at or below the string scale. In this paper, we demonstrate that
this conclusion is no longer true for compactifications with non-trivial shape
moduli. Specifically, we demonstrate that toroidal compactifications exist for
which all Kaluza-Klein states as well as all winding states are heavier than
the string scale. This observation could have important phenomenological
implications for theories with reduced string scales, suggesting that it is
possible to cross the string scale without detecting any states associated with
spacetime compactification.Comment: 8 pages, LaTeX, no figure
Effect of Individual Counseling on the Participation Rate of Pregnant Mothers in Decision Making on the Treatment Process: Clinical Trial
A solution to the mu problem in the presence of a heavy gluino LSP
In this paper we present a solution to the problem in an SO(10)
supersymmetric grand unified model with gauge mediated and D-term supersymmetry
breaking. A Peccei-Quinn symmetry is broken at the messenger scale GeV and enables the generation of the term. The boundary
conditions defined at lead to a phenomenologically acceptable version of
the minimal supersymmetric standard model with novel particle phenomenology.
Either the gluino or the gravitino is the lightest supersymmetric particle
(LSP). If the gravitino is the LSP, then the gluino is the next-to-LSP (NLSP)
with a lifetime on the order of one month or longer. In either case this heavy
gluino, with mass in the range 25 - 35 GeV, can be treated as a stable particle
with respect to experiments at high energy accelerators. Given the extensive
phenomenological constraints we show that the model can only survive in a
narrow region of parameter space resulting in a light neutral Higgs with mass
GeV and . In addition the lightest stop
and neutralino have mass GeV and GeV,
respectively. Thus the model will soon be tested. Finally, the invisible axion
resulting from PQ symmetry breaking is a cold dark matter candidate.Comment: 30 pages, 9 figure
Diagnosing Spin at the LHC via Vector Boson Fusion
We propose a new technique for determining the spin of new massive particles
that might be discovered at the Large Hadron Collider. The method relies on
pair-production of the new particles in a kinematic regime where the vector
boson fusion production mechanism is enhanced. For this regime, we show that
the distribution of the leading jets as a function of their relative azimuthal
angle can be used to distinguish spin-0 from spin-1/2 particles. We illustrate
this effect by considering the particular cases of (i) strongly-interacting,
stable particles and (ii) supersymmetric particles carrying color charge. We
argue that this method should be applicable in a wide range of new physics
scenarios.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
ERCPMP: An Endoscopic Image and Video Dataset for Colorectal Polyps Morphology and Pathology
In the recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) and its leading subtypes,
machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) and their applications are
spreading very fast in various aspects such as medicine. Today the most
important challenge of developing accurate algorithms for medical prediction,
detection, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis is data. ERCPMP is an Endoscopic
Image and Video Dataset for Recognition of Colorectal Polyps Morphology and
Pathology. This dataset contains demographic, morphological and pathological
data, endoscopic images and videos of 191 patients with colorectal polyps.
Morphological data is included based on the latest international
gastroenterology classification references such as Paris, Pit and JNET
classification. Pathological data includes the diagnosis of the polyps
including Tubular, Villous, Tubulovillous, Hyperplastic, Serrated, Inflammatory
and Adenocarcinoma with Dysplasia Grade & Differentiation. The current version
of this dataset is published and available on Elsevier Mendeley Dataverse and
since it is under development, the latest version is accessible via:
https://databiox.com
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