Modernisation of the Public Administration; State, Information Society, Good Governance and Archive

Članak identificira “novi javni menadžment” i elektroničku upravu kao ključne elemente u suvremenoj modernizaciji javne uprave. Oba trenda sadrže izazove, mogućnosti i opasnosti za vladavinu prava i demokratsku državu, kao važnih (i temeljnih) vrijednosti u svakome sustavu javne uprave. Načelo “dobre vladavine” nudi koncept koji povezuje tradicionalnu vrijednosnu orijentaciju s novim zahtjevima efektivnosti i efikasnosti. Upravljanje spisima i informacijama, kao i profesionalni sustav arhiviranja, pripadaju među ključne elemente za zadovoljenje zahtjeva “dobre vladavine” i osiguranje dominacije politike nad pukim gospodarskim interesima; oni su jamstvo vladavine prava i poštovanja ljudskih prava. U drugome dijelu članka predstavljena su švicarska (pozitivna i negativna) iskustva (zakonski okvir, primjena načela “novog javnog menadžmenta”, razvoj aplikacija elektroničke uprave: razvoj poslovodnih aplikacija, sustava elektroničkog arhiviranja i dostupnosti virtualnih arhiva).Modernisation of the public administration can have different meanings. For pragmatic reasons, I focus on two main trends: New Public Management and e-government. New Public Management and e-government affect fundamentally the public administration but in different ways: The first produces economically, the latter technically defined ergonomic and cultural changes. What is New Public Management? New Public Management tries to adopt business management principles to the management of public affairs: it stresses elements as efficiency, performance and reduction of costs, output or outcome, customer friendliness. What is e-government? Usually e-government means the adoption of government and public administration to the so-called information society. E-government includes internal electronic information management and on-line communication and transaction with the "citizen-customers”. Information management is a traditional core business of public administrations since the beginnings of professional government. Effectiveness of the publie sector. It is evident: Both ways of thinking can create dangers for the rule of law and the good democratic shape of government. Acting democratically and constitutionally means not only to look at performance and output (or outcome), but also to follow specific procedural rules, which only guarantee the respect of legal rules as the ban of arbitrariness, the rule of equality of treatment etc. All administrative acting must follow these constítutionally fixed values and objectives for the government. To stress this value-orientation, above all national varieties, we refer to the concept of Good Governance. Its core values are the respect of human rights and rule of law, democracy and the principles of legitimacy, including transparency and accountability and effectiveness of the public sector. In this context, records and information management are a core element for the improvement of decision-making in government, public administration and the relations between government and its citizens. Information and records management are the foundation any public administration needs to provide services, to fulfil its obligations of accountability towards the citizens, their parliamentary representation and the government and to protect the citizens rights. Efficient and transparent, publicly accountable government and public administrations create trust and reduce corruption. Records management and - consequently - archives are a warranty for the rule of law and the respect of human rights. The Swiss experience: Within a modern and stable legal framework the federal administration has to adopt many principles of NPM. It is difficult to estimate the real consequences for records management and archiving. The need for accountability remains the same - in contrary: the financial accountability is even more severe. The orientation on private or economic management models, however, do not underline the importance of record keeping. Records management as management tool loses its importance, as it seems to be too costly although all ISO Quality Management Standards ask for an extensive documentation of business management and ISO-Standards 15489 defines what high quality records management is. In the daily work, however, archivists and records manager have a complex job to convince senior and junior staff to invest in records management as they do Invest in the financial bookkeeping. The trends in informatics too are not only favourable to record keeping and archiving. However, the development of a business and records management system and the electronic archiving (electronic preservation and access to a virtual archive) are core elements of the governments e-government strategy. The Swiss Federal Archive cooperates with the State Archives and the ICA’s Committees on Electronic and Other Current Records and on Information Technology to make real progress in this field, to find practicable solutions for any types of records, for the output of various systems in use etc. In parallel the Swiss Federal Archive is working on its online catalogue and how to facilitate the access to electronically available records. Both projects are organised in a modular way to achieve usable results and to bulid up an e-archive step by step

Modernisation of the Public Administration; State, Information Society, Good Governance and Archive

Članak identificira “novi javni menadžment” i elektroničku upravu kao ključne elemente u suvremenoj modernizaciji javne uprave. Oba trenda sadrže izazove, mogućnosti i opasnosti za vladavinu prava i demokratsku državu, kao važnih (i temeljnih) vrijednosti u svakome sustavu javne uprave. Načelo “dobre vladavine” nudi koncept koji povezuje tradicionalnu vrijednosnu orijentaciju s novim zahtjevima efektivnosti i efikasnosti. Upravljanje spisima i informacijama, kao i profesionalni sustav arhiviranja, pripadaju među ključne elemente za zadovoljenje zahtjeva “dobre vladavine” i osiguranje dominacije politike nad pukim gospodarskim interesima; oni su jamstvo vladavine prava i poštovanja ljudskih prava. U drugome dijelu članka predstavljena su švicarska (pozitivna i negativna) iskustva (zakonski okvir, primjena načela “novog javnog menadžmenta”, razvoj aplikacija elektroničke uprave: razvoj poslovodnih aplikacija, sustava elektroničkog arhiviranja i dostupnosti virtualnih arhiva).Modernisation of the public administration can have different meanings. For pragmatic reasons, I focus on two main trends: New Public Management and e-government. New Public Management and e-government affect fundamentally the public administration but in different ways: The first produces economically, the latter technically defined ergonomic and cultural changes. What is New Public Management? New Public Management tries to adopt business management principles to the management of public affairs: it stresses elements as efficiency, performance and reduction of costs, output or outcome, customer friendliness. What is e-government? Usually e-government means the adoption of government and public administration to the so-called information society. E-government includes internal electronic information management and on-line communication and transaction with the "citizen-customers”. Information management is a traditional core business of public administrations since the beginnings of professional government. Effectiveness of the publie sector. It is evident: Both ways of thinking can create dangers for the rule of law and the good democratic shape of government. Acting democratically and constitutionally means not only to look at performance and output (or outcome), but also to follow specific procedural rules, which only guarantee the respect of legal rules as the ban of arbitrariness, the rule of equality of treatment etc. All administrative acting must follow these constítutionally fixed values and objectives for the government. To stress this value-orientation, above all national varieties, we refer to the concept of Good Governance. Its core values are the respect of human rights and rule of law, democracy and the principles of legitimacy, including transparency and accountability and effectiveness of the public sector. In this context, records and information management are a core element for the improvement of decision-making in government, public administration and the relations between government and its citizens. Information and records management are the foundation any public administration needs to provide services, to fulfil its obligations of accountability towards the citizens, their parliamentary representation and the government and to protect the citizens rights. Efficient and transparent, publicly accountable government and public administrations create trust and reduce corruption. Records management and - consequently - archives are a warranty for the rule of law and the respect of human rights. The Swiss experience: Within a modern and stable legal framework the federal administration has to adopt many principles of NPM. It is difficult to estimate the real consequences for records management and archiving. The need for accountability remains the same - in contrary: the financial accountability is even more severe. The orientation on private or economic management models, however, do not underline the importance of record keeping. Records management as management tool loses its importance, as it seems to be too costly although all ISO Quality Management Standards ask for an extensive documentation of business management and ISO-Standards 15489 defines what high quality records management is. In the daily work, however, archivists and records manager have a complex job to convince senior and junior staff to invest in records management as they do Invest in the financial bookkeeping. The trends in informatics too are not only favourable to record keeping and archiving. However, the development of a business and records management system and the electronic archiving (electronic preservation and access to a virtual archive) are core elements of the governments e-government strategy. The Swiss Federal Archive cooperates with the State Archives and the ICA’s Committees on Electronic and Other Current Records and on Information Technology to make real progress in this field, to find practicable solutions for any types of records, for the output of various systems in use etc. In parallel the Swiss Federal Archive is working on its online catalogue and how to facilitate the access to electronically available records. Both projects are organised in a modular way to achieve usable results and to bulid up an e-archive step by step

Resource Allocation with Stability Constraints of an Edge-cloud controlled AGV

The paper proposes Resource Allocation (RA) schemes for a closed loop feedback control system by analysing the control-communication dependencies. We consider an Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) that communicates with a controller located in an edge-cloud over a wireless fading channel. The control commands are transmitted to an AGV and the position state is feedback to the controller at every time-instant. A control stability based scheduling metric 'Probability of Instability' is evaluated for the resource allocation. The performance of stability based RA scheme is compared with the maximum SNR based RA scheme and control error first approach in an overloaded and non-overloaded scenario. The RA scheme with the stability constraints significantly reduces the resource utilization and is able to schedule more number of AGVs while maintaining its stability. Moreover, the proposed RA scheme is independent of control state and depends upon consecutive packet errors, the control parameters like sampling time and AGV velocity. Furthermore, we also analyse the impact of RA schemes on the AGV's stability and error performance, and evaluated the number of unstable AGVs

Agile 5G Scheduler for Improved E2E Performance and Flexibility for Different Network Implementations

In this article, we present a holistic overview of the agile multi-user scheduling functionality in 5G. An E2E perspective is given, including the enhanced QoS architecture that comes with 5G, and the large number of scheduling relatedoptions from the new access stratum sub-layer, MAC, and PHY layer. A survey of the 5G design agreements from the recently concluded 5G Study in 3GPP is presented, and it is explained how to best utilize all these new degrees of freedom to arrive at an agile scheduling design that offers superior E2E performance for a variety of services with highly diverse QoS requirements.Enhancements to ensure efficient implementation of the 5G scheduler for different Network architectures are outlined. Finally, state-of-the-art system level performance results are presented, showing the ability to efficiently multiplex services with highly diverse QoS requirements.In this article, we present a holistic overview of the agile multi-user scheduling functionality in 5G. An E2E perspective is given, including the enhanced QoS architecture that comes with 5G, and the large number of scheduling related options from the new access stratum sub-layer, MAC, and PHY layer. A survey of the 5G design agreements from the recently concluded 5G Study in 3GPP is presented, and it is explained how to best utilize all these new degrees of freedom to arrive at an agile scheduling design that offers superior E2E performance for a variety of services with highly diverse QoS requirements. Enhancements to ensure efficient implementation of the 5G scheduler for different network architectures are outlined. Finally, state-of-the-art system level performance results are presented, showing the ability to efficiently multiplex services with highly diverse QoS requirements

Graph model for multiple scattering in lithium niobate on insulator integrated photonic networks

We present a graph-based model for multiple scattering of light in integrated lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) networks, which describes an open network of single-mode integrated waveguides with tunable scattering at the network nodes. We first validate the model at small scale with experimental LNOI resonator devices and show consistent agreement between simulated and measured spectral data. Then, the model is used to demonstrate a novel platform for on-chip multiple scattering in large-scale optical networks up to few hundred nodes, with tunable scattering behaviour and tailored disorder. Combining our simple graph-based model with material properties of LNOI, this platform creates new opportunities to control randomness in large optical networks