The effect of height and density of sex pheromone traps on captures of male fruittree leafroller, Archips argyrospilus and threelined leafroller, Pandemis limitata (Lepid.: Tortricidae)

When sex pheromone traps in the upper third of a standard apple tree were compared with traps at head height, the upper traps captured far more fruittree leafroller moths (<i>Archips argyrospilus</i> (Walker) than the lower traps. The results with threelined leafroller (<i>Pandemis limitata</i> (Rob.) were reversed: traps at head height captured nearly twice as many moths as traps in the upper portion of a tree. Trap captures increased with trap/area up to 1 trap/ha. This density is probably sufficient for monitoring purposes

Gaps below strange star crusts

The gap caused by a strong electric field between the quark surface and nuclear crust of a strange star is studied in an improved model including gravity and pressure as well as electrostatic forces. The transition from gap to crust is followed in detail. The properties of the gap are investigated for a wide range of parameters assuming both color-flavor locked and non color-flavor locked strange star cores. The maximally allowed crust density is generally lower than that of neutron drip. Finite temperature is shown to increase the gap width, but the effect is significant only at extreme temperatures. Analytical approximations are derived and shown to provide useful fits to the numerical results.Comment: 12 pages incl. 14 figures. To appear in Physical Review

Charge order in Magnetite. An LDA+UU study

The electronic structure of the monoclinic structure of Fe$_3$O$_4$ is studied using both the local density approximation (LDA) and the LDA+$U$. The LDA gives only a small charge disproportionation, thus excluding that the structural distortion should be sufficient to give a charge order. The LDA+$U$ results in a charge disproportion along the c-axis in good agreement with the experiment. We also show how the effective $U$ can be calculated within the augmented plane wave methods

Nonparametric Modeling of Dynamic Functional Connectivity in fMRI Data

Dynamic functional connectivity (FC) has in recent years become a topic of interest in the neuroimaging community. Several models and methods exist for both functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG), and the results point towards the conclusion that FC exhibits dynamic changes. The existing approaches modeling dynamic connectivity have primarily been based on time-windowing the data and k-means clustering. We propose a non-parametric generative model for dynamic FC in fMRI that does not rely on specifying window lengths and number of dynamic states. Rooted in Bayesian statistical modeling we use the predictive likelihood to investigate if the model can discriminate between a motor task and rest both within and across subjects. We further investigate what drives dynamic states using the model on the entire data collated across subjects and task/rest. We find that the number of states extracted are driven by subject variability and preprocessing differences while the individual states are almost purely defined by either task or rest. This questions how we in general interpret dynamic FC and points to the need for more research on what drives dynamic FC.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure. Presented at the Machine Learning and Interpretation in Neuroimaging Workshop (MLINI-2015), 2015 (arXiv:1605.04435

High Q Cavity Induced Fluxon Bunching in Inductively Coupled Josephson Junctions

We consider fluxon dynamics in a stack of inductively coupled long Josephson junctions connected capacitively to a common resonant cavity at one of the boundaries. We study, through theoretical and numerical analysis, the possibility for the cavity to induce a transition from the energetically favored state of spatially separated shuttling fluxons in the different junctions to a high velocity, high energy state of identical fluxon modes.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

A progress report on the use of female-baited traps as indicators of codling moth population

Traps containing live female codling moths, Laspeyresia pomonella/i> (L.), as lures were used to indicate native codling moth populations in 2 orchards in the Kelowna area of British Columbia. In one orchard the traps captured an average of fewer than 1 male codling moth per week with the exception of 2 traps along one side of the orchard. These 2 traps caught 45 per cent of all males trapped in the orchard, and codling moth entries were found in this vicinity. A spray to control codling moth was applied to 4 outside rows of trees on this side but the remainder of the orchard was not sprayed. No fruit injured by codling moth was found in the nonsprayed portion of the orchard. In the second orchard the traps captured an average of 5 moths per week. No sprays were applied to the trees and, at harvest, 9.3 per cent of the apples were injured by codling moth. These preliminary data indicate that traps baited with female codling moths can be used to indicate levels of codling moth populations and also to indicate if chemical control is necessary

A progress report on the use of female-baited traps as indicators of codling moth population

Traps containing live female codling moths, <i>Laspeyresia pomonella/i> (L.), as lures were used to indicate native codling moth populations in 2 orchards in the Kelowna area of British Columbia. In one orchard the traps captured an average of fewer than 1 male codling moth per week with the exception of 2 traps along one side of the orchard. These 2 traps caught 45 per cent of all males trapped in the orchard, and codling moth entries were found in this vicinity. A spray to control codling moth was applied to 4 outside rows of trees on this side but the remainder of the orchard was not sprayed. No fruit injured by codling moth was found in the nonsprayed portion of the orchard. In the second orchard the traps captured an average of 5 moths per week. No sprays were applied to the trees and, at harvest, 9.3 per cent of the apples were injured by codling moth. These preliminary data indicate that traps baited with female codling moths can be used to indicate levels of codling moth populations and also to indicate if chemical control is necessary

Pest management: Four years experience in a commercial apple orchard

Pest management in a 12-ha apple orchard from 1973 to 1976 resulted in a 50 percent reduction in the number of sprays that are normally applied to control insects and mites. Codling moth, <i>Laspeyresia pomonella</i> (L.), populations were monitored by sex pheromone traps and populations of other insects and mites were assessed by specific sampling techniques. Leafrollers were the most difficult pests to control and fruit injury was 1.5 to 2.0 percent in 3 of the 4 years. Mites were held below treatment levels by the predator, <i>Typhlodromus occidentalis</i> Nesbitt, except for the apple rust mite, <i>Aculus schlechtendali</i> (Nalepa) which required chemical control

Heat Transfer From An Oscillating Horizontal Wire

The effect of vibration on heat transfer by natural convection has been investigated experimentally using a thin wire, 0.010 in. in diameter, and air as a convection medium. Horizontal reciprocating motion of varying amplitudes, peak-to-peak values of 0-2.655 in., and frequencies, 0-20 cps, was applied to an electrically heated horizontal wire. The average wire velocity (frequency times total path length traveled per cycle by the wire) was used to correlate and predict the experimental results. © 1971 by ASME