Ekstraksi fasa padat menggunakan butiran kitosan terikatsilangkan untuk pengayaan logam limbah laboratorium

Chemistry laboratory generally produces heavy metal waste which must handle carefully and cannot be vanished directly into watercourse consequently need the third party to handle it. Third party will calculate the cost based on the total volume or does not based on concentration, therefore enrichment is needed to reduce the cost. Solid phase extraction was chosen as enrichment heavy metal process. There was several step to optimize the extraction ability such as cross-linker agent, pH, contact time, metal concentration before it can be applied to heavy metal laboratory waste. As solid phase extraction, chitosan was made as chitosan beads adsorbent by reacting with tripolyphospate. After chitosan beads formed, it became brownish beads by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde (GLA) and flake chitosan beads by crosslinking with epichlorohydrine (ECH). From IR spectra, there was 2 signature peaks of tripolyphospate at 1640 cm-1 and 1540 cm-1 and there was not difference peaks between GLA or ECH chitosan beads. Optimization by varying cross-linker agent showed chitosan beads ECH 5% adsorbed highest amount of metal Pb until 19,71%±0,8 and can be proceeded for other optimization process

Zeolit alam dan sodalite yang diembankan doxorobisin untuk terapi kanker payudara: pengamatan pelepasan ion, sitotoksisitas dan karakteristik pelepasan obat

Hasil penelitian ini akan memberikan subangsih kepada institusi dan masayarkat terkait obat alternatif sebagai antikanker. Dengan memanfaatkan bahan alam zeolite untuk digunakan sebagai DDS (pengemban) obat doxorubicin, sehingga harapannya waktu peluruhan obat lebih lambat dan stabil. 1. Karakter doxorubicin yang diembankan pada sodalit dan zeolit alam secara kualitatif menghasilkan perubahan warna dari abu menjadi merah dan menggunakan instrumentasi FTIR, sama-sama muncul serapan khas yaitu pada bilangan gelombang 1631,7 cm-1 vibrasi ulur dari C=C dari doxorubicin, dan 985,62 cm-1 vibrasi ulur asimetri O-T-O (T=Si atau Al) dari zeolit. 2. Doxorubicin yang diembankan pada sodalit dalam penelitian ini memiliki potensi yang efektif sebagai antikanker sel payudara T47D dengan nilai IC50 terbaik perbandingan DOX/SOD 5:5 sebesar 2,26 μg/mL. 3. Doxorubicin yang diembankan pada zeolit alam memiliki laju pelepasan lebih baik dalam pH darah dan lambung dibandingkan laju pelepasan doxorubicin yang diembankan pada sodalit. 4. Penggunaan zeolite sebagai pengemban akan memperkuat ketahanan obat di Indonesia, sehingga kita tidak terlalu tergantung obat sintesis dari negara lain. Hal ini sinergi dengan visi misi universitas menjadi universitas bereputasi internasional dan berbudaya sains yang tinggi

Zeolit alam dan sodalite yang diembankan doxorobisin untuk terapi kanker payudara: pengamatan pelepasan ion, sitotoksisitas dan karakteristik pelepasan obat

Hasil penelitian ini akan memberikan subangsih kepada institusi dan masayarkat terkait obat alternatif sebagai antikanker. Dengan memanfaatkan bahan alam zeolite untuk digunakan sebagai DDS (pengemban) obat doxorubicin, sehingga harapannya waktu peluruhan obat lebih lambat dan stabil. 1. Karakter doxorubicin yang diembankan pada sodalit dan zeolit alam secara kualitatif menghasilkan perubahan warna dari abu menjadi merah dan menggunakan instrumentasi FTIR, sama-sama muncul serapan khas yaitu pada bilangan gelombang 1631,7 cm-1 vibrasi ulur dari C=C dari doxorubicin, dan 985,62 cm-1 vibrasi ulur asimetri O-T-O (T=Si atau Al) dari zeolit. 2. Doxorubicin yang diembankan pada sodalit dalam penelitian ini memiliki potensi yang efektif sebagai antikanker sel payudara T47D dengan nilai IC50 terbaik perbandingan DOX/SOD 5:5 sebesar 2,26 μg/mL. 3. Doxorubicin yang diembankan pada zeolit alam memiliki laju pelepasan lebih baik dalam pH darah dan lambung dibandingkan laju pelepasan doxorubicin yang diembankan pada sodalit. 4. Penggunaan zeolite sebagai pengemban akan memperkuat ketahanan obat di Indonesia, sehingga kita tidak terlalu tergantung obat sintesis dari negara lain. Hal ini sinergi dengan visi misi universitas menjadi universitas bereputasi internasional dan berbudaya sains yang tinggi

Variasi komposisi eluen pada isolasi steroid dan Triterpenoid alga merah Eucheuma cottonii dengan kromatografi kolom basah

Senyawa steroid dan triterpenoid dalam fraksi petroleum eter alga merah Eucheuma cottonii telah diisolasi menggunakan kromatografi kolom basah. Isolasi dilakukan dengan cara ekstraksi maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol. Ekstrak pekat metanol dihidrolisis dengan HCl 2 N dan dipartisi menggunakan pelarut petroleum eter. Senyawa steroid dan triterpenoid diuji fitokimia menggunakan reagen Lieberman Burchard. Fraksi petroleum eter dipisahkan menggunakan kromatografi kolom basah variasi komposisi eluen n-heksana:etil asetat dengan perbandingan 16:4; 17:3; dan 18:2. Hasil isolasi dimonitoring menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) analitik. Hasil monitoring yang terbaik diidentifikasi gugus fungsinya menggunakan FTIR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendemen ekstrak metanol dan fraksi petroleum eter masing-masing sebesar 11,866% dan 8,03%. Pemisahan kolom dengan variasi komposisi eluen n-heksana:etil asetat terbaik adalah 18:2 dengan diperoleh 2 kelompok fraksi steroid dan 3 kelompok fraksi triterpenoid. Hasil analisis FTIR pada isolat steroid memberikan informasi gugus –OH, C=C, C-O, CH2, -C(CH3)2, sedangkan isolat triterpenoid memberikan informasi gugus –OH, C=O, C=C, CH2,-C(CH3)2. Gugus gem dimetil (-C(CH3)2)merupakan ciri khas rantai samping steroid ataupun triterpenoid

Isolation, Identification and Bioactivity of Steroids Compounds from Red Algae Eucheuma cottonii Petroleum Ether Fraction

More than 75 % of Indonesia is covered by the sea. Indonesia has abundant natural resources that have potential to be explored as new renewable bioactive compounds. One of the natural resources is red algae Eucheuma cottonii. The aim of this research was isolating, identifying and determining the bioactivity (toxicity and antioxidant activity) of steroids compounds in Red Algae Eucheuma cottonii. Red Algae Eucheuma cottoni was extracted by maceration using methanol. The methanol extract was hydrolyzed with 2 N of hydrochloric acid and then partitioned with petroleum ether. Petroleum ether fractions were identified by phytochemical test and LC-MS to know the types of steroids compound contained. Then, the steroids compound was separated with Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Column Chromatography. The toxicity level and antioxidant assay of steroids isolates were determined by BSLT and DPPH method. According to phytochemical test and LC-APCI-MS, petroleum ether fraction of Red Algae Eucheuma cottoni contained steroids compounds such as cholesterol, β-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol. LC50 value of isolates of petroleum ether fraction was 26.70 ppm (A1), 16.30 ppm (A3) and 22.03 ppm (A5). EC50 value of steroid isolates of petroleum ether fraction was 13.07 ppm (A1), 3.9.1010 ppm (A4) and 50.92 ppm (A5)

Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of alkaloids from Acalypha indica: solvent and extraction time variation

Alkaloids is one of the largest group of natural product which has an abundance of pharmacological activities. This study objected to optimize the extraction of alkaloids compound of Acalypha indica using the ultrasonic method with several parameters: solvents (ethanol, ethyl acetate, and methanol) and extraction time (10, 20, and 30 min). The crude extract was determined by profile separation, toxicity, and total alkaloids. Alkaloid isolate from TLC separation was characterized by FTIR. Preliminary phytochemical analysis, all crude extract exhibited the presence of alkaloids compounds. TLC separation showed a different number of alkaloid spots in each solvent (ethanol 3 spots, methanol 3 spots, and ethyl acetate 4 spots). Based on the highest total alkaloid contained, the best condition for ultrasound-assisted extraction method was using ethyl acetate for 20 min. The total alkaloid in optimized condition was 0.286 mg/g and its toxicity level was LC50 35.3600 ppm. The specific functional groups of the purified extract were N-H, C-H, C=O, C=C, C-N, and –N-C=O

The separation optimization of berberine in Anting-Anting Plants (Acalypha indica Linn) using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

Anting-Anting plants (Acalypha Indica Linn) is a plant widely found in Indonesia. This plant has potential as an antimalarial, antidiabetic, and antitoxic drug. Ethyl acetate extract of this plant contained isoquinoline alkaloid, berberine which confirmed by LC-MS spectra on m/z 321,2561. Then, thisstudy was conducted to determine the optimum conditions of separation and determination the berberine level existed on ethyl acetate extract of Anting-Anting using HPLC. The separation was optimized by varying flow rate of eluent (0.6 mL/min, 0.8 mL/min, 1.0 mL/min), mobile phase (methanol: TFA 0.1% (50:50 v/v) and acetonitrile: TFA 0.1% (60:40 v/v)). The separation was using HPLC with C18 (ODS) 4.6 x 250 mm, 5 μm column, isocratic method at various wavelengths (290 nm, 315 nm, and 345 nm). The optimum separation condition was obtained at flow rate 1 mL/min with mobile phase methanol: TFA 0.1% (50:50 v/v) and UV detector wavelength at 345 nm. The result showed that the berberine level of Anting-anting in ethyl acetate fraction was 11,82030 µg/mL

The effect of voltage and electrode types on hydrogen production from the seawater electrolysis process

Besides the limited supply, turns out the fossil fuels also causes carbon dioxide (CO2) pollution in the atmosphere and causing global warming. Therefore, renewable energy that environmentally friendly are needed, which is hydrogen gas considered capable of being an alternative to replace fossil fuels. One of many simple ways and effective to produce hydrogen gas is by electrolysis. Seawater was chosen in this research because of its abundant availability, have high efficiency and low cost to produce hydrogen gas. By varying the voltage from 1.5 volts to 24 volts with an increase of 1.5 volts, this research was conducted to determine the effect of the difference in voltage and type of electrode on the volume and rate of hydrogen production through electrolysis of seawater with constant time 10 minutes each. The type of electrode that used in this research are copper and graphite. The result showed that the productivity coefficient of copper electrodes was 0.41 ml with determination coefficient of 0.97; while, productivity coefficient of graphite electrodes was 0.32 ml with determination coefficient of 0.93. This research also shows that a maximum of volume hydrogen gas of 8.5 ml was produced through the electrolysis of seawater using copper electrodes at a voltage of 21 volts. This result is much greater than using the graphite electrodes that only produced a maximum volume of hydrogen gas of 7.1 ml at a voltage of 22.5 volts

Preliminary study on the effect of time on hydrogen production from electrolysis of the seawater

To know the effect of electrode type on the production of hydrogen gas through the electrolysis of sea water, this research was conducted. At a constant potential difference of 12 Volt, the electrolysis process is carried out by alternately using graphite and copper as electrodes. The electrolysis process time was varied from 10 to 55 minutes with increments every 5 minutes for each electrode. The results showed that the use of copper in the electrolysis of sea water produced a maximum of 82 ml of hydrogen gas better than 76 ml of graphite with a total processing time of 5 hours and 25 minutes. The results also show that the production of hydrogen gas in graphite has the largest hydrogen production rate in the first 10 minutes, but continues to decline, while the copper electrode has the largest hydrogen production rate at 220 minutes and decreases when the electrolysis process reaches 270 minutes when the electric current experiences drop. This can be understood due to the corrosion of the electrode by chlorine, which causes the electrode life to be limited. Meanwhile, the water displacement measurement method is used to determine the volume of hydrogen gas produced from the electrolysis of seawater in this study