PSORIASIS IS ASSOCIATED WITH ELEVATED GUT IL-1Α AND INTESTINAL MICROBIOME ALTERATIONS

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory condition that predominantly affects the skin and is associated with extracutaneous disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease and arthritis. Changes in gut immunology and microbiota are important drivers of proinflammatory disorders and could play a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Therefore, we explored whether psoriasis in a Central Asian cohort is associated with alterations in select immunological markers and/or microbiota of the gut

GUT MICROBIOME ALTERATIONS IN SENIORS SUFFERING FROM ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Introduction: One of the important factors influencing human health and attracting increasing attention of scientists during the last two decades is gut microbiome. It has been demonstrated that the links exist between gut microbiome density and composition and a number of pathological conditions including diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. These diseases, in turn, are the established risk factors for the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Moreover, there is data indicating that gut microbiome can directly affect brain functions. However, only few studies have characterized the human gut microbiome communities associated with AD. Therefore, more research is needed in order to reveal the relationships existing between gut microbiome and brain functions and their influence on the development and progression of AD. Material and methods: Stool samples were obtained from patients with AD (n =11) and cognitively normal age- and sex-matched participants (n =13). The composition of gut microbiome was characterized by 16S ribosomal RNA MiSeq sequencing. Data analysis was performed using an independent computational pipeline, less OTUs scripts (LotuS) [Hildebrand, F., 2013], SILVA reference database were used as reference for 16S rRNA alignment. Statistical analyses were performed using R version 3.0.2. Results: Our preliminary results demonstrated that gut microbiota of AD individuals had overall higher α-diversity compared to healthy controls, although this difference was not significant, while β-diversity analysis has revealed statistical significance (R-squared: 0.075975; p-value <0.033). Among bacterial genera, microbiome of AD participants was characterized by a preponderance of Eubacterium copros, Lachnospiraceae NK, Rikenellaceae RC9, Christensenellacea, Prevotella, Ruminococcus torgue, Parabacterides, Coprococcus and Corynebacterium (LDA score [log10] > 3), whereas the healthy microbiome was characterized by a preponderance of Lactobacillus, Holdemania, Holdemanella, Granucatella (LDA score [log10] > 3). The relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillus, Eubacterium, and Odoribacter were significantly different in AD patients compared to healthy participants (p < 0.01). Our data are consistent with the results of Vogt et al. (2017) showing that in patients with AD the dominant families were Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae. Conclusion: Distinct microbial communities were associated with patients with AD when compared with cognitively healthy seniors. However, more data is needed to ascertain our findings

ANTIRADICAL AND CYTOPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF ALLIUM NUTANS L. HONEY AGAINST CCL4-INDUCED LIVER DAMAGE IN RATS

The aim of this study is determine the in vitro and in vivo antiradical properties and the cytoprotective activity of Allium nutans L. honey extract. The antiradical properties of the extracts were investigated in rabbit alveolar macrophages and human foreskin fibroblast (hFFs) cells in the presence of doxorubicin, a cytotoxic substance using DPPH and ABTS assays. The cytoprotective activities were determined using 18 Wistar rats divided into three different groups, a negative control, and two other groups with experimentally induced hepatotoxicity by a single intraperitoneal injection of 50% carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) oil solution. A positive control group, received drinking water only and an experimental group that was treated with Allium nutans L. honey extracts for 7 days. In vitro treatment with Allium nutans L. honey extracts resulted in 78% reduction in radical activity in DPPH and 91.6% inhibition using the ABTS. Also, honey extracts were able to preserve 100% of cell viability in the presence of the cytotoxic, doxorubicin. Furthermore, the treatment with honey extracts resulted in a significant reduction in damage to the structure of liver tissue, as well significant reduction in the levels of ALT and AST in the experimental group compared to the control group

Oral Microbiome Stamp in Alzheimer’s Disease

Recent studies have suggested that periodontal disease and alterations in the oral microbiome may be associated with cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development. Here, we report a case-control study of oral microbiota diversity in AD patients compared to healthy seniors from Central Asia. We have characterized the bacterial taxonomic composition of the oral microbiome from AD patients (n = 64) compared to the healthy group (n = 71) using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. According to our results, the oral microbiome of AD has a higher microbial diversity, with an increase in Firmicutes and a decrease in Bacteroidetes in the AD group. LEfSe analysis showed specific differences at the genus level in both study groups. A region-based analysis of the oral microbiome compartment in AD was also performed, and specific differences were identified, along with the absence of differences in bacterial richness and on the functional side. Noteworthy findings demonstrated the decrease in periodontitis-associated bacteria in the AD group. Distinct differences were revealed in the distribution of metabolic pathways between the two study groups. Our study confirms that the oral microbiome is altered in AD. However, a comprehensive picture of the complete composition of the oral microbiome in patients with AD requires further investigation

Comparison of Phenolic Content in Cabernet Sauvignon and Saperavi Wines

Several studies reveal that the phenolic compounds present in the wine and their concentrations determine physiological activities of the red wine. In this study, the main polyphenol components, including hydroxycinnamic acids, flavones, flavan-3-ols and stilbenoids, were investigated via HLPC-UV in the “Cabernet Sauvignon” and “Saperavi” wines selected from different regions and different years. In assistance of a meta-analysis, we found that there are no fundamental differences in phenolic compounds between the wines Cabernet Sauvignon and Saperavi. However, the amounts of several important phenolic materials such as catechin, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid and myricetin significantly higher in Saperavi wine as compared to Cabernet Sauvignon. Moreover, on the basis of the correlation analysis, we assume that flavones synthesis and regulation of stilbenoids coordinated to a greater extent in “Saperavi” than in “Cabernet Sauvignon”

GUT MODULATION OF DYSBIOSIS INDUCED BY DEXTRAN SULFATE SODIUM

Inflammatory bowel disease is one of the serious burdens of clinical medicine and healthcare. This study investigated the potential of a biological product based on mare's milk and metabolites of symbiotic microflora for modulation of intestinal microflora affected by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced dysbiosis. Symbiotic microflora was isolated from the stool of healthy volunteers. Lysates for the production of short-chain fatty acids of screened microorganisms were mixed with mare's milk. The activity of the biological product was evaluated on the DSS model of induced colitis. Histological changes in the intestinal epithelium were determined. The structure of the microbiome was evaluated based on the analysis of 16S rRNA microbial sequences. Histological examination of rat intestinal tissues after application of the biological product showed reduced infiltration of granulocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes. The results of sequencing demonstrated a decrease in the biological diversity of microbiota affected by colitis. The full recovery was observed after 21 days of the application of the biological product. The product induced the structural changes of the microbiome damaged by DSS. Likewise, the number of the pathogenic intestinal microflora was decreased Representatives of SCFA producing bacteria increased concentrations of genus Lactobacillus