FAPRI 2000 U.S. Agricultural Outlook

Crop Production/Industries, Livestock Production/Industries,

Physiological and cognitive changes after treatments of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil: implications of the gut microbiome and depressive-like behavior

IntroductionChemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment colloquially referred to as chemobrain is a poorly understood phenomenon affecting a highly variable proportion of patients with breast cancer. Here we investigate the association between anxiety and despair-like behaviors in mice treated with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) along with host histological, proteomic, gene expression, and gut microbial responses.MethodsForced swim and sociability tests were used to evaluate depression and despair-like behaviors. The tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomics approach was used to assess changes in the neural protein network of the amygdala and hippocampus. The composition of gut microbiota was assessed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Finally, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to evaluate changes in intestinal gap junction markers.Results and discussionWe observed that CMF induced social and despair-like behavior in mice 96 hours following treatment. Proteomic analysis identified changes in various proteins related to progressive neurological disease, working memory deficit, primary anxiety disorder, and gene expression revealing increases in NMDA and AMPA receptors in both the hippocampus and the amygdala because of CMF treatment. These changes finally, we observed immediate changes in the microbial population after chemotherapy treatment, with a notable abundance of Muribaculaceae and Romboutsia which may contribute to changes seen in the gut

FAPRI 2000 World Agricultural Outlook

The Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute (FAPRI) prepares a preliminary agricultural outlook on world agricultural production, consumption, and trade every fall. This is followed by an outside review, re-evaluation of projections, and completion of the final baseline in January. The FAPRI 2000 World Agricultural Outlook presents these final projections for world agricultural markets. A companion volume, the FAPRI 2000 U.S. Agricultural Outlook, presents the U.S. component of the baseline. FAPRI projections assume average weather patterns worldwide, existing policy, and policy commitments under current trade agreements. FAPRI projections do not include conjectures on potential policy changes, such as those resulting from the likely eastward enlargement of the European Union (EU). The baseline predicts recovery of world agricultural production, consumption, and trade, but with remaining price weakness for crops. Stock-to-use ratios in world crop markets remain high despite the strong recovery of Asian and Latin American economies. Above-average yields kept world production high relative to demand in 1999. In contrast, pork and beef prices are increasing significantly above their 1999 level. The physical volume of U.S. agricultural exports is projected to reverse the downward trend of fiscal year (FY) 1999, whereas the value of agricultural exports continue to decline for one more year before recovering because of low crop prices in 2000/01. World crop trade is projected to increase by 55 million metric tons (mmt) in the coming decade, with the United States capturing 49 percent of the expanded market, but still unable to increase its market share by a large percentage. Following this expansion of the market, grain prices increase by 35 percent in the projection period, but still stay well below the peak of 1995/96. The increase in world crop trade reflects the increasing specialization occurring in world agriculture. Increased market access and land scarcity in many Asian economies induce them to import grains and oilseeds to meet their feed demand. Developing Asia remains the fastest growing market for corn in the next decade. With implementation of Agenda 2000 reforms, the EU will reduce its wheat domestic price relative to the world price and will export wheat without subsidies after 2004, constraining gains in market shares for the United States. EU barley exports will expand significantly in the coming years but are likely to be constrained by General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) commitments on export subsidies after 2004. World meat trade will increase by 31 percent over the next decade. The United States has become a competitive producer and exporter of meat products. In the coming decade, the United States will experience the largest meat export growth rates among major exporters of beef, pork, and broilers. U.S. exporters capture more than 70 percent of the growth in trade, increasing their share of the combined meat markets from 23 percent in 1999 to 37 percent in 2009. Meat imports are recovering and expanding rapidly in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. In Japan, the share of imports in consumption increases from 38 percent in the 1990s to 49 percent at the end of the next decade. Taiwan meat imports will triple from 1990-1999 levels to 2000-2009 levels, driven by imports of beef, non muscle pork products, and the opening of the poultry market. Recovery of Asian food demand will prompt dairy prices to grow by about 1 percent per year over the next decade. Total milk production is projected to increase, with particularly strong growth in the United States, Mexico, Argentina, and Brazil. Most of the growth occurs through yield increases. Per capita cheese consumption is expected to grow by 1 to 2 percent a year in most countries.Crop Production/Industries, Livestock Production/Industries,

FAPRI 2001 U.S. and World Agricultural Outlook

Crop Production/Industries, Livestock Production/Industries,

FAPRI 2002 World Agricultural Outlook

Crop Production/Industries, Livestock Production/Industries,

Perception of professional skills acquired in online learning among electronic engineering students

The article aims to analyze the perception of professional skills acquired in online learning among electronic engineering students. The research method is qualitative, with a descriptive approach, since it focuses on analyzing the statistics of the students' perception (frequency of satisfaction levels). Initially, the reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach's Alpha, obtaining a consistency coefficient of 0.967 and 0.932, in the academic semesters 2020-I and 2020-II, respectively. The data collected by means of a virtual questionnaire were processed in the SPSS software transformed into the Likert scale. The results obtained show a high perception among electronic engineering students in reference to the professional skills they have acquired. There is an increase in satisfaction from 66.78% (2020-I) to 74.26% (2020-II) between the first and second academic semester, despite the abrupt and unexpected change in the teaching-learning modality, in the second semester achieved a greater adaptation of this process. However, the online learning method should continue to be improved so that students perceive with greater satisfaction that they possess the skills to solve problems and cases related to the specialty) and the skills to master practical professional skills

FAPRI 1999 U.S. Agricultural Outlook

Crop Production/Industries, Livestock Production/Industries,

FAPRI 2000 World Agricultural Outlook

The Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute (FAPRI) prepares a preliminary agricultural outlook on world agricultural production, consumption, and trade every fall. This is followed by an outside review, re-evaluation of projections, and completion of the final baseline in January. The FAPRI 2000 World Agricultural Outlook presents these final projections for world agricultural markets. A companion volume, the FAPRI 2000 U.S. Agricultural Outlook, presents the U.S. component of the baseline

FAPRI 2001 U.S. and World Agricultural Outlook

The Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute (FAPRI) prepares a preliminary agricultural outlook on world agricultural production, consumption, and trade every fall. This is followed by an outside review, re-evaluation of projections, and completion of the final baseline. The FAPRI 2001 U.S. and World Agricultural Outlook presents these final projections for domestic and world agricultural markets

FAPRI 2002 World Agricultural Outlook

The FAPRI 2002 World Agricultural Outlook presents final projections of FAPRI’s agricultural outlook on world agricultural production, consumption, and trade. FAPRI projections assume average weather patterns worldwide, existing policy, policy commitments under current trade agreements, and recent policy changes such as the accession of China and Taiwan to the WTO. FAPRI projections do not include conjectures on potential policy changes. The major macroeconomic drivers of the 2002 FAPRI baseline are the deepening crisis in Argentina, the U.S. dollar’s continuing strength relative to most other currencies, and the progressive recovery of economic activities in most OECD countries over the next two years