Alleviating Bumiputera Poverty In Sarawak: Reflections And Proposal.

Malaysia has succeeded in reducing its overall incidence of poverty since the implementation of the New Economic Policy in 1971

Kinship Social Capital and Entrepreneurship Development: A Comparative Study For Internal And International Migrant of Minangkabau Ethnic

Kinship social capital can function as an important source of social capital for welfare and economic development. Kinship social capital has potency to improve entrepreneurship activity. Khinship social capital may provide some benefit as reducing transaction cost, facilitating access toward information, providing informal insurance and helping to solve collective action dilemma. There is one in Indonesia, in which it is popular called as Minangkabau and has strong norms and values in building entrepreneurship. Minangkabau society have high number and potency in entrepreneurship. Minangkabau tribe is one of the ethnics in Indonesia that have matrilineal system and as travelling ethnics. The purposes of this article are identifying and comparing kinds of social capital and its phase of effects toward entrepreneurship building of Minangkabau ethnic in internal and international Migrant. The respondents in this study are Minangkabau ethnic entrepreneurs in Jakarta (internal Migrant) and Minangkabau ethnic traveler entrepreneurs in Malaysia (international Migrant). The method used in this study is Structural Equation Model (SEM). Based on the estimated result, it is found that the two Minangkabau ethnic travel areas have differences and similarities in their social capital. The mutual interrelationship and activities are social capital that underlie entrepreneurship building in both internal and international migrants. Social capital that the Minangkabauan has does not affect the entrepreneurship building for the migrants

Pengaruh tindakan afirmatif kepada agihan kekayaan antara etnik di Malaysia

Tindakan afirmatif merupakan mekanisme penyelesaian konflik dalam situasi ketegangan etnik dan ketidakseimbangan sosioekonomi. Di Malaysia, tindakan afirmatif dilaksanakan melalui Dasar Ekonomi Baru (DEB) mulai 1970 bagi menangani ketidakseimbangan ekonomi dan ketidaksetaraan kekayaan antara etnik melalui agihan semula ekuiti dengan matlamat 30% dimiliki Bumiputra dan 40% dimiliki bukan Bumiputra. Setelah kira-kira 40 tahun perlaksanaannya, matlamat agihan ekuiti masih gagal dicapai. Namun, adakah perlaksanaan tindakan afirmatif memberi kesan kepada agihan kekayaan bagi setiap etnik. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai pengaruh tindakan afirmatif kepada agihan kekayaan antara etnik di Malaysia. Kajian ini menggunakan data ekuiti mengikut etnik bagi tempoh 1969 hingga 2012 dan diuji menggunakan pendekatan Autoregrasi Lat Tertabur (ARDL). Dapatan menunjukkan perlaksanaan tindakan afirmatif mempunyai pengaruh dalam mempengaruhi agihan kekayaan antara etnik dalam jangka masa pendek dan jangka masa panjang. Kajian juga membuktikan agihan kekayaan antara kumpulan etnik diagihkan melalui ekonomi yang berkembang dan bukannya melalui pengambilan hak milik etnik lain terutamanya etnik Cina dan dipindahkan kepada Bumiputra

The colour of inequality: ethnicity, class, income and wealth in Malaysia oleh Muhammed Abdul Khalid

Ulasan buk

The commercialisation of handicraft production among the Iban of Kapit division in Sarawak, Malaysia : constraints and potential

This study is concerned with Iban involvement in commercial handicraft production (CHP). Its aim has been to examine the possibilities of employment expansion through small-scale rural industrialisation in Sarawak, Malaysia and to discuss differential Iban involvement and "success" in CHIP. The pertinent questions are: why do some Iban craftspersons take up CHP, while others do not; and under what conditions do Iban craftspersons succeed in CHIP? By undertaking this research, it is hoped to establish whether rural industrialisation based on craft production is "desirable" and 'feasible" for the rural Iban. Survey methods were employed from 200 Iban craftspersons from 10 longhouses in Kapit Division, Sarawak supported by participant observation in addition to in-depth interview with government personnel and selected entrepreneurs (such as tour operators, Chinese towkays). The thesis argues for a reinterpretation of Iban economic history because previous research on the Than economy has tended to ignore Iban involvement in non-agricultural activities, particularly in commercial activities. Although the Iban have become increasingly oriented to the market, there has been very little attention to the evolving landscape of the Iban economy. The study shows that Iban involvement in commercial activities does not occur in linear evolutionary phases; it is a variable and fluid response to changes in the social, economic, cultural and political environment. The study also shows that CI-[P provides the rural Iban with employment and income earning opportunities which, in turn enables them to sustain their livelihood whilst regenerating interest in Iban culture. Some craftspersons have succeeded in CHIP and have even managed to market their products beyond their local region. The majority, however, have been unable either to initiate, or once involved, to survive in CHIP because of constrains identified in marketing, availability of raw material, capital, labour, lack of entrepreneurship and institutional support, and certain cultural obstacles. Despite these problems, the majority of those Iban surveyed are willing to take up CHIP in the future suggesting that there is potential for the development of rural industrialisation in Sarawak. This study is a first step towards understanding the nature, extent and effects of Iban involvement in commercial activities, which is a neglected subject in development studies in Malaysia and the interplay of factors that promote or hinder their role in economic development

Being multi-disciplinary in development studies: why and how.

Sila rujuk teks penuh/ Please refer full tex

On the causal links between poverty and HIV in Nigeria, 1990-2009: An application of Granger causality and co-integration techniques

The increasing rates of HIV/AIDS epidemics in Nigeria are posing serious challenges to the individuals, community, government and international donor agencies and raise critical questions as to whether poverty is a significant contributor to the growth of the disease. This paper utilises the Granger Causality Test to investigate the causative relationship between poverty and HIV in Nigeria. The results indicate no direct and significant linkages between poverty and HIV, meaning that poverty is not the driving force behind the increased rates of HIV prevalence in the country. Conversely, HIV was found to have caused increased rates of poverty in the country. In the light of these findings it is suggested that policies that would improve health and education should be implemented, together with the awareness enhancement of the public on the imperative of HIV screening prior to marriage contracts

Alternative development and the role of commercial handicraft production in Sarawak, Malaysia.

The objective of this paper is to discuss the role of commercial handcraft production in solving some of the rural problems which have resulted from increasing poverty, environmental degradation and cultural alienation in Sarawak, Malaysia. The analysis is based on an in-depth study conducted between 1993 to 1996 of 200 Iban crafpersons from eleven rumah panjang (longhouses) in Kapit Division, Sarawak. One of the major findings of this study is that rural Iban involvement in handicraft production could become an important element for a future process of small-scale industrialisation in-situ. Handicraft production is generally environmentally-friendly, labour-intensive, and most importantly it uses local resources (such as skills, institutions, and raw materials). With Sarawak's growing emphasis on tourism development and the rich cultural heritage of the Iban, the expansion of commercial handicraft production provides an 'alternative' development path for the state

Information and communication technology (ICT) and economic growth in Iran: causality analysis

Iran is currently implementing policy measures to increase the contribution of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to economic performance. However, little attention is given to examining whether ICT investment contributes to the economic growth of Iran. Concerning the importance of the causal link between these two variables to national policy implications, the present study employs a Granger causality analysis to examine the cause and effect relationship between ICT infrastructure and output growth in a multivariate setting that includes labor and capital variables. The results indicate that a long-run equilibrium relationship exists between ICT development and economic growth. Furthermore, the findings provide evidence of significant uni-directional short-run causality running from economic growth to ICT development in the Iranian economy. In terms of policy implications, the findings support the idea that this relationship is sustainable. However, in the short-run, investing in other important sectors and promoting ICT-use should be a priority for boosting the development of the national economy and ICT